Cover illustration
Simulation of turbulent thermonuclear combustion in a Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf (density shown in blue): The subsonic deflagration flame (temperature shown in red/yellow/white) was initiated at the center of the star in a large number of ignition sparks. Due to buoyancy instability, uprising plumes of burning material form and shear flows at their edges generate turbulence that accelerates the flame. The result is a disruption of the star in a thermonuclear supernova exp [Detail] ...
With recent advances in theory and observations, direct connections emerge between the progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) and the observed light curves and spectra. A direct link is important for our understanding of the supernovae physics, the diversity of SNe Ia and the use of SNe Ia for high-precision cosmology because the details of the explosion depends sensitively on the initial conditions and the explosion scenario(s) realized in nature. Do SNe Ia originate from SD- or DD systems, and do they lead to
In this contribution, we will exam from the theoretical point of view the tell-tails for this connection, their consistency with the observations, and future directions.
In a first section, we present the physics of the explosion, light curves and spectral formation in a nutshell to help understanding the connection. For details of the progenitor evolution and explosion physics, we refer to reviews and the other contributions in this issue.
Each of the topical sections starts with a brief general review followed by a more detailed discussion of specific results. Because the youth of the field, some bias is unavoidable towards results obtained within our collaborations (and FSU).
The imprint of the metallicity, progenitor stars and properties such as the central density of the exploding WD are presented. IR spectroscopy, polarimetry and imaging of SNR remnants are discussed as a tool to test for the WD properties, magnetic fields and asymmetries. We discuss different classes of Type Ia supernovae, and their environment. Possible correlations between the spectroscopic and light curve properties of SN Ia are discussed. Finally, the overall emerging picture and future developments are discussed.
Multi-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) of astrophysical detonations in degenerate matter have revealed that the nuclear burning is typically characterized by cellular structure caused by transverse instabilities in the detonation front. Type Ia supernova modelers often use onedimensional DNS of detonations as inputs or constraints for their whole star simulations.While these one-dimensional studies are useful tools, the true nature of the detonation is multi-dimensional. The multi-dimensional structure of the burning influences the speed, stability, and the composition of the detonation and its burning products, and therefore, could have an impact on the spectra of Type Ia supernovae. Considerable effort has been expended modeling Type Ia supernovae at densities above 1×107 g·cm-3 where the complexities of turbulent burning dominate the flame propagation. However, most full star models turn the nuclear burning schemes off when the density falls below 1×107 g·cm-3 and distributed burning begins. The deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) is believed to occur at just these densities and consequently they are the densities important for studying the properties of the subsequent detonation. This work will review the status of DNS studies of detonations and their possible implications for Type Ia supernova models. It will cover the development of Detonation theory from the first simple Chapman–Jouguet (CJ) detonation models to the current models based on the time-dependent, compressible, reactive flow Euler equations of fluid dynamics.
We review our understanding of the nucleosynthesis that occurs in thermonuclear supernovae and their contribution to Galactic Chemical evolution.We discuss the prospects to improve the modeling of the nucleosynthesis within simulations of these events.
In this article, we primarily review the time-resolved imaging of THz phonon polariton, which is generated by femtosecond laser in ferroelectric crystal. We pay more attention to the imaging in thin crystal, which can be used as an integration platform for terahertz-optics or terahertz-electrics. The imaging techniques, which can get quantitatively in-focus time-resolved images, are introduced in more detail. They have made enormous progress in recent years, and are powerful tools for the research of phonon polariton, optics, and THz wave. We also briefly introduce the generation principle and general propagation properties of THz phonon polariton.
In two-level as well as V-type three-level atomic systems, we study probe transmission, four-wave mixing (FWM) and fluorescence signals with dressing effect experimentally and theoretically. We find both the hyperfine structure (at the same energy level) and the transition dipole moment (at different energy levels) can affect the dressing effect. We also experimentally investigate that anglecontrol dynamics in the nonlinear propagation of the images of the probe and generated FWM in two-level atomic systems, and find that the focusing and defocusing of probe beam and FWM signals can be greatly affected by the angles between dressing fields.
Nonadiabatic alignment by intense nonresonant laser fields is a versatile technique to manipulate the spatial direction of molecules. By solving the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation numerically the degree of alignment of the molecules initially in different rotational state are calculated and the results show that the degree of alignment strongly depends on the initial rotational state. Thus, the present study indicates that, for obtaining a high degree of alignment for molecules, appropriate selection of molecular rotational states is necessary.