Curved anisotropic polaritons

Abstract

The curved surface has emerged as new research platform for understanding and manipulating novel electromagnetic behaviors in complex media. In this paper, we explore the anisotropic polaritons on the spherical surface based on Maxwell’s fish-eye metric through stereographic projection. Additionally, this phenomenon can be extended to spindle surface by conformal mapping. Our calculations and simulations demonstrate the elliptic and hyperbolic polaritons, excited by an electric dipole on the sphere, will self-focus or focus on the poles on the sphere affected by anisotropic permittivity. Furthermore, we reveal the optical singularity nature of the curved hyperbolic polaritons from the perspective of transformation optics by obtaining the equivalent optical refractive index profiles and the particle potential energy. Based on natural anisotropic materials and metamaterials, the curved polaritons have potential applications in curved surface focusing and chaos regulation. This work not only bridges the transformation optics and anisotropic polaritons at curved surface, but also provides a new route to surface optical field manipulation.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

anisotropic polaritons / transformation optics / curved surface

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Declarations

The authors declare that they have no competing interests and there are no conflicts.

Author contributions

All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

Electronic supplementary materials

The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-023-1360-9 and https://journal.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/10.1007/s11467-023-1360-9.

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Shan Zhu and Yali Zeng for helpful discussion. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 92050102), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020YFA0710100), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2072023102), and the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. 20224ACB201005).

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