Terahertz phonon polariton imaging

Abstract

In this article, we primarily review the time-resolved imaging of THz phonon polariton, which is generated by femtosecond laser in ferroelectric crystal. We pay more attention to the imaging in thin crystal, which can be used as an integration platform for terahertz-optics or terahertz-electrics. The imaging techniques, which can get quantitatively in-focus time-resolved images, are introduced in more detail. They have made enormous progress in recent years, and are powerful tools for the research of phonon polariton, optics, and THz wave. We also briefly introduce the generation principle and general propagation properties of THz phonon polariton.

Keywords

phonon polariton / terahertz wave / time-resolved imaging / femtosecond laser / ferroelectric crystal

References

[1] K. Huang, Proc. Roy. Soc., 1951, 208(1094): 352

[2] M. Born and K. Huang, Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices, London: Oxford University Press, 1954

[3] D. Pines, Elementary Excitation in Solids, New York: W. A. Benjamin, 1964

[4] S. Nakajima, Y. Toyozawa, and R. Abe, The Physics of Elementary Excitations, Springer series in solid-state sciences, Berlin: Springer, 1980

[5] K. Huang, Nature, 1951, 167(4254): 779

[6] J. J. Hopfield, Phys. Rev., 1958, 112(5): 1555

[7] C. H. Henry and J. J. Hopfield, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1965, 15(25): 964

[8] Z. Gan, Physics, 2009, 38: 581 (in Chinese)

[9] Y. Shen and N. Bloembergen, Phys. Rev., 1966, 143(2): 372

[10] A. Imamog, R. Ram, S. Pau, and Y. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. A, 1996, 53: 4250

[11] H. Deng, G.Weihs, C. Santori, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, Science, 2002, 298(5591): 199

[12] M. Richard, J. Kasprzak, R. André, R. Romestain, L. S. Dang, G. Malpuech, and A. Kavokin, Phys. Rev. B, 2005, 72(20): 201301

[13] J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymanska, R. Andre, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and L. S. Dang, Nature, 2006, 443–7110): 409

[14] S. A. Maier, Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications, Berlin: Springer, 2007

[15] W. Hayes and R. Loudon, Scattering of Light by Crystals, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1978

[16] D. H. Auston, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1983, 43(8): 713

[17] D. H. Auston, K. P. Cheung, J. A. Valdmanis, and D. A. Kleinman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1984, 53(16): 1555

[18] D. Kleinman and D. Auston, IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1984, 20(8): 964

[19] K. P. Cheung and D. H. Auston, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1985, 55(20): 2152

[20] D. H. Auston and M. C. Nuss, IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1988, 24(2): 184

[21] K. L. Yeh, M. C. Hoffmann, J. Hebling, and K. A. Nelson, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2007, 90(17): 171121

[22] K. Lin, C. Werley, and K. Nelson, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2009, 95(10): 103304

[23] Z. Chen, X. Zhou, C. A. Werley, and K. A. Nelson, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2011, 99(7): 071102

[24] J. Hebling, M. C. Hoffmann, H. Y. Hwang, K. L. Yeh, and K. A. Nelson, Phys. Rev. B, 2010, 81(3): 035201

[25] R. M. Koehl, S. Adachi, and K. A. Nelson, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103(49): 10260

[26] R. M. Koehl, S. Adachi, and K. A. Nelson, J. Chem. Phys., 1999, 110(3): 1317

[27] D. W. Ward, Polaritonics: An Intermediate Regime between Electronics and Photonics, Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005

[28] E. R. Statz, Phonon polariton interaction with patterned materials, Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008

[29] C. A. Werley, THz Polaritonics: Optical THz Generation, Detection, and Control on a Chip, Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012

[30] L. Dhar, J. A. Rogers, and K. A. Nelson, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94(1): 157

[31] Y. X. Yan, Gamble, and K. A. Nelson, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83(11): 5391

[32] Y. X. Yan and K. A. Nelson, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87(11): 6240

[33] Y. X. Yan and K. A. Nelson, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87(11): 6257

[34] Z. Chen, Modeling Phonon-Polariton Generation and Control in Ferroelectric Crystals, Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009

[35] C. Yang, Study on Ultrafast Imaging and Propagation Characteristics of Terahertz Phonon Polariton, Tianjin: Nankai University, 2011 (in Chinese)

[36] T. P. Dougherty, G. P. Wiederrecht, and K. A. Nelson, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 1992, 9(12): 2179

[37] C. A.Werley, K. Fan, A. C. Strikwerda, S. M. Teo, X. Zhang, R. D. Averitt, and K. A. Nelson, Opt. Express, 2012, 20(8): 8551

[38] T. E. Stevens, J. K. Wahlstrand, J. Kuhl, and R. Merlin, Science, 2001, 291(5504): 627

[39] J. K. Wahlstrand and R. Merlin, Phys. Rev. B, 2003, 68(5): 54301

[40] T. Feurer, N. S. Stoyanov, D. W. Ward, and K. A. Nelson, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2002, 88(25): 257402

[41] N. S. Stoyanov, D. W. Ward, T. Feurer, and K. A. Nelson, J. Chem. Phys., 2002, 117(6): 2897

[42] R. M. Koehl and K. A. Nelson, Chem. Phys., 2001, 267(1-3): 151

[43] R. M. Koehl and K. A. Nelson, J. Chem. Phys., 2001, 114(4): 1443

[44] T. Feurer, J. C. Vaughan, and K. A. Nelson, Science, 2003, 299(5605): 374

[45] T. Feurer, J. C. Vaughan, T. Hornung, and K. A. Nelson, Opt. Lett., 2004, 29(15): 1802

[46] N. S. Stoyanov, D. W. Ward, T. Feurer, and K. A. Nelson, Nat. Mater., 2002, 1(2): 95

[47] N. S. Stoyanov, T. Feurer, D. W. Ward, and K. A. Nelson, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2003, 82(5): 674

[48] N. Stoyanov, T. Feurer, D. Ward, E. Statz, and K. Nelson, Opt. Express, 2004, 12(11): 2387

[49] D.W.Ward, J. D. Beers, T. Feurer, E. R. Statz, N. S. Stoyanov, and K. A. Nelson, Opt. Lett., 2004, 29(22): 2671

[50] D.W.Ward, E. R. Statz, and K. A. Nelson, Appl. Phys. A, 2007, 86(1): 49

[51] E. Statz, K. H. Lin, K. Nelson, M. Yang, and K. Webb, Opt. Lett., 2010, 35(17): 2931

[52] T. Feurer, N. S. Stoyanov, D. W. Ward, J. C. Vaughan, E. R. Statz, and K. A. Nelson, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 2007, 37(1): 317

[53] P. Peier, S. Pilz, F. Müller, K. A. Nelson, and T. Feurer, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 2008, 25(7): 70

[54] Q. Wu, C. Werley, K. Lin, A. Dorn, M. Bawendi, and K. Nelson, Opt. Express, 2009, 17(11): 9219

[55] C. A. Werley, Q. Wu, K. H. Lin, C. R. Tait, A. Dorn, and K. A. Nelson, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 2010, 27(11): 2350

[56] F. Zernike, Science, 1955, 121(3141): 345

[57] F. Zernike, Physica, 1942, 9(7): 686

[58] C. Yang, Q. Wu, J. Xu, K. A. Nelson, and C. A. Werley, Opt. Express, 2010, 18(25): 26351

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg