Jun 2008, Volume 3 Issue 2
    

  • Select all
  • Development and application prospects of piezoelectric precision driving technology
    ZHAO Chunsheng, ZHANG Jiantao, ZHANG Jianhui, JIN Jiamei
    2008, 3(2): 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0034-1
    Download PDF
    With the rapid development of science and technology, microelectronics manufacturing, photonics technology, space technology, ultra-precision machining, micro-robotics, biomedical engineering and other fields urgently need the support of modern precision driving theory and technology. Modern precision driving technology can be generally divided into two parts: electromagnetic and non-electromagnetic driving technology. Electromagnetic driving technology is based on traditional technology, has a low thrust-weight ratio, and needs deceleration devices with a cumbrous system or a complex structure. Moreover, it is difficult to improve positioning accuracy with this technology type. Thus, electromagnetic driving technology is still unable to meet the requirements for the above applications. Non-electromagnetic driving technology is a new choice. As a category of non-electromagnetic driving technology, piezoelectric driving technology becomes an important branch of modern precision driving technology. High holding torque and acute response make it suitable as an accurate positioning actuator. This paper presents the development of piezoelectric precision driving technology at home and abroad and gives an in-depth analysis. Future perspectives on the technology’s applications in the following fields are described: 1) integrated circuit manufacturing technology; 2) fiber optic component manufacturing technology; 3) micro parts manipulation and assembly technology; 4) biomedical engineering; 5) aerospace technology; and 6) ultra-precision processing technology.
  • Reliability analysis of the control system of large-scale vertical mixing equipment
    YANG Mingjin, LI Xiwen, LI Shaoping, YANG Shuzi
    2008, 3(2): 133-138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0037-y
    Download PDF
    The control system of vertical mixing equipment is a concentrate distributed monitoring system (CDMS). A reliability analysis model was built and its analysis was conducted based on reliability modeling theories such as the graph theory, Markov process, and redundancy theory. Analysis and operational results show that the control system can meet all technical requirements for high energy composite solid propellant manufacturing. The reliability performance of the control system can be considerably improved by adopting a control strategy combined with the hot spared redundancy of the primary system and the cold spared redundancy of the emergent one. The reliability performance of the control system can be also improved by adopting the redundancy strategy or improving the quality of each component and cable of the system.
  • Grindability of high-temperature alloy with ceramic alumina wheels
    ZHANG Hongxia, CHEN Wuyi, CHEN Zhitong
    2008, 3(2): 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0040-3
    Download PDF
    The grindability of high-temperature alloy by using ceramic alumina wheels is studied on the basis of extensive analysis of the grinding force, grinding temperature, surface roughness and topography of ground surfaces, residual stress, hardness distribution of surface layer, and morphology of the surface layer from a metallographic point of view. The grinding burn mechanism of high-temperature alloy is unveiled and the feasible grinding parameters to avoid burning are analyzed. Some conclusions are obtained as follows. Increasing the grinding depth or the wheel velocity makes grinding temperature and residual tensile stress of the surface rise, which deteriorates the surface topography. Appropriate liner velocity of the wheel is 18–22 m/s and the depth of grinding should not exceed 0.02 mm in grinding GH2132 alloy with ceramic alumina wheels to assure the surface quality. When ap increases enough to cause grinding burn, the strengthening effect of particles ?′ in ? base decrease and the micro-hardness of the surface is obviously lower than that of the base material, which deteriorates the mechanical properties and heat resistance of GH2132 alloy. Results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for technical optimization in the grinding of high-temperature alloy with high efficiency and high quality.
  • Measurement and analysis of typical motion error traces from a circular test
    LI Xiaoli, LIU Huanlao
    2008, 3(2): 146-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0033-2
    Download PDF
    The circular test provides a rapid and efficient way of measuring the contouring accuracy of a machine tool. To get the actual point coordinate in the work plane, an improved measurement instrument - a new ball bar test system - is presented in this paper to identify both the radial error and the rotation angle error when the machine is manipulated to move in circular traces. Based on the measured circular error, a combination of Fourier components is chosen to represent the systematic form error that fluctuates in the radial direction. The typical motion errors represented by the corresponding Fourier components can thus be identified. The values for machine compensation can be calculated and adjusted until the desired results are achieved.
  • Performance analysis of piezoelectric bimorph generator
    KAN Junwu, TANG Kehong, ZHAO Hongwei, SHAO Chenghui, ZHU Guoren
    2008, 3(2): 151-157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0039-9
    Download PDF
    In this paper, the theoretical model and simulation of the performance of a piezoelectric (PZT) bimorph generator is introduced. The generator consists of two piezoelectric plates bonded on a substrate metal plate. For an effective electromechanical coupling coefficient (EECC) and the generated energy, the analytical formulae are established with the thickness ratio and the Young’s modulus ratio as variables. After giving correlative material parameters, the EECC and generated energy can be computed. The results show that there is a optimal thickness ratio for a piezoelectric bimorph generator to achieve the maximum EECC and electrical energy. The EECC and generated energy decrease with an increase of the Young’s modulus ratio. In addition, the influence of mechanical source on electrical energy generation and power output is also considered.
  • Electrorheological damper for the ultra-precision air bearing stage
    ZHU Yu, JIA Songtao, CHEN Yaying, LI Guang
    2008, 3(2): 158-163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0031-4
    Download PDF
    This paper illustrates how the electrorheological damper substantially improves the performance of the ultra-precision air bearing stage. Smart materials such as electrorheological fluids have attracted many researchers’ attention because of their resistance changeable performance in different electric fields. Meanwhile, the ultra-precision air bearing stage driven by the linear-motor is characterized by zero mechanical damping and poor anti-disturbance. To solve this problem and consider the characteristics of electrorheological fluids, an electrorheological damper is proposed in this paper. The electrorheological damper’s characteristics in high electric fields are obtained based on the Eyring constitutive model, which smoothly transits from the pre-yield to post-yield region. To enhance the performance of the electrorheological damper, which takes effect only when the stage is going to decelerate or position, the on-off and sliding mode control methods design and optimize the controller. The results prove that by using the advanced sliding mode control method, the characteristics of the ultra-precision air bearing stage can be effectively improved through the introduction of the electrorheological damper.
  • Mobile platform for hydraulic turbine blade repair robot
    GUI Zhongcheng, CHEN Qiang, SUN Zhenguo, ZHANG Wenzeng, LIU Kang
    2008, 3(2): 164-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0035-0
    Download PDF
    The wall-climbing mobile platform (MP) of a robot for repairing a hydraulic turbine blade onsite is developed. The MP is equipped with ferromagnetic adhesive devices and can work on a spatial curved surface. The contradiction between mobility and load-bearing ability is analyzed, and the problem of self-adaptation to the curved face is solved using differential-driven wheeled locomotion with ferromagnetic adhesive devices. The platform adheres to the blade surface through the force provided by the ferromagnetic devices, and a certain gap exists between the magnetic devices and the blade’s surface. A mechanism of three revolution degrees of freedom, which connects the magnetic devices with the platform’s chassis, is developed to make the platform self-adapt to the complex curved surface of the turbine blade. A proof-of-principle prototype has been manufactured, and experiments prove the success of the MP. The payload of the zero-turn-radius MP with excellent maneuverability exceeds 80 kg. The platform can automatically adapt to complex spatial surfaces, which satisfy the requirements of a hydraulic turbine blade in-situ repair robot.
  • Design and analysis of millimeters-scale omnidirectional mobile microrobot for microfactories
    LI Jianghao, LI Zhenbo, CHEN Jiapin, LI Jianghao
    2008, 3(2): 170-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0030-5
    Download PDF
    An omnidirectional mobile microrobot with a 9 mm × 8 mm × 8 mm size is introduced. The microrobot is driven by three electromagnetic micromotors with 2 mm diameter, two of which are for linear movement and the third one for steering. Dynamics is analyzed to present the relationship between the micromotor torque and the dual-wheel structure size as well as the frictions. Experiment results show that the microrobot payload ability can satisfy the requirements of conveying tasks in microfactories.
  • Cutting heat dissipation in high-speed machining of carbon steel based on the calorimetric method
    QUAN Yanming, HE Zhenwei, DOU Yong
    2008, 3(2): 175-179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0022-5
    Download PDF
    The cutting heat dissipation in chips, workpiece, tool and surroundings during the high-speed machining of carbon steel is quantitatively investigated based on the calorimetric method. Water is used as the medium to absorb the cutting heat; a self-designed container suitable for the high-speed lathe is used to collect the chips, and two other containers are adopted to absorb the cutting heat dissipated in the workpiece and tool, respectively. The temperature variations of the water, chips, workpiece, tool and surroundings during the closed high-speed machining are then measured. Thus, the cutting heat dissipated in each component of the cutting system, total cutting heat and heat flux are calculated. Moreover, the power resulting from the main cutting force is obtained according to the measured cutting force and predetermined cutting speed. The accuracy of cutting heat measurement by the calorimetric method is finally evaluated by comparing the total cutting heat flux with the power resulting from the main cutting force.
  • Intelligent high-speed cutting database system development
    XIANG Kejun, LIU Zhanqiang, AI Xing
    2008, 3(2): 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0038-x
    Download PDF
    In this paper, the components of a high-speed cutting system are analyzed firstly. The component variables of the high-speed cutting system are classified into four types: uncontrolled variables, process variables, control variables, and output variables. The relationships and interactions of these variables are discussed. Then, by analyzing and comparing intelligent reasoning methods frequently used, the hybrid reasoning is employed to build the high-speed cutting database system. Then, the data structures of high-speed cutting case base and databases are determined. Finally, the component parts and working process of the high-speed cutting database system on the basis of hybrid reasoning are presented.
  • Combustion and emissions of the diesel engine using bio-diesel fuel
    YUAN Yinnan, MEI Deqing, WANG Zhong, ZHANG Tian
    2008, 3(2): 189-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0021-6
    Download PDF
    The combustion and heat release of engines using diesel fuel and bio-diesel fuel have been investigated. The results illustrate that the combustion happens in advance and the ignition delay period is shortened. The initial heat release peak declines a little, the corresponding crankshaft angle changes in advance, and the combustion duration is prolonged. The economic performance and emission features of diesel engines using diesel fuel and bio-diesel fuel are compared. The results also show that the specific fuel consumption of bio-diesel increases by about 12% .The emissions, such as CO, HC, and particulate matter decrease remarkably whereas NOx increases a little.
  • Stability and coupling dynamic behavior of nonlinear journal active electromagnetic bearing rotor system
    LU Yanjun, HEI Di, WANG Yuan, DAI Rong, LU Yanjun, LIU Heng, YU Lie
    2008, 3(2): 193-199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0023-4
    Download PDF
    The stability and coupling dynamic behavior of a journal active electromagnetic bearing rotor system are analyzed. The gyroscopic effect is considered in the rotor model. The system equations are formulated by combining equations for rotor motion and decentralized proportional integral differential (PID) controllers. A method combining the predictor-corrector mechanism and the Netwon-Raphson method is presented to calculate the critical speed at the corresponding Hopf bifurcation point of the system. For periodic motions, a continuation method combining the predictor-corrector mechanism and shooting method is presented. Nonlinear unbalanced periodic motions and their stability margins are obtained using the shooting method and established continuation method for periodic motions. With the change of control parameters, the system local stability and bifurcation behaviors are obtained using the Floquet theory. The numerical examples show that the schemes not only significantly save computing cost, but also have high precision.
  • Analysis and experiment on structure parameters for an energy reclaiming suspension
    CHEN Shi‘an, HE Ren, LU Senlin
    2008, 3(2): 200-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0024-3
    Download PDF
    An energy reclaiming suspension is proposed to reclaim vibration energy in the suspension. To study its riding performance and reclaiming energy performance, a hydraulic energy reclaiming device prototype is produced and its mechanical behavior is analyzed and tested according to the hydraulic theory. Theoretical analysis shows that mechanical behavior of the energy reclaiming device is embodied by a viscidity damping parameter and an analogous coulomb damping parameter determined by its structure; their expressions are obtained. Experimental investigation shows that theoretical predictions agree with test results.
  • Improved directional-distance filter
    JIN Lianghai, LI Dehua
    2008, 3(2): 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0025-2
    Download PDF
    This paper proposes a new spatial-distance weighting function. By combining the weighting function and the traditional directional-distance filter (DDF) in a novel way, a new vector filter - the adaptive distance-weighted directional-distance filter (ADWDDF) - is presented. The experimental results show that the proposed solution provides better filtering performance and preserves better image chromaticity and edge or detail information compared with the traditional DDF and some other typical vector filters.
  • Ultrasonic linear motor using the L-B mode Langevin transducer with an exponential horn
    SHI Shengjun, CHEN Weishan, LIU Junkao, ZHAO Xuetao
    2008, 3(2): 212-217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0026-1
    Download PDF
    An ultrasonic linear motor is proposed and fabricated by using the longitudinal and bending vibration double mode bolt-clamped Langevin type transducer to meet high power and speed requirements in the aerospace and semiconductor ind
  • Compressor performance of two-stage turbocharging system
    HE Yituan, MA Chaochen, WEI Mingshan, ZHU Zhifu, HE Yituan
    2008, 3(2): 218-221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0027-0
    Download PDF
    To study the performance of high and low stage compressors and that of the system as a whole, a two-stage turbocharging system was matched, and a special two-stage turbocharging system test bench was built. For each test curve, the speeds of the two stage turbochargers were adjusted to the fixed data, and a compressor performance experiment was performed. The results showed many differences between the corrected mass flow and the actual mass flow of the high pressure (HP) stage compressor. To find out the actual supercharging effect of the two-stage turbocharging system, it is better to adopt the actual mass flow. The two-stage turbocharging system in this paper has much higher efficiency under most operating conditions if the pressure ratio assignment is 1:1. The system can get very high supercharging pressure when the speeds of the two stage turbochargers are rather low, which ensures the system’s security and reliability.
  • Modeling and analysis of magnetic dipoles in weak magnetic field
    WANG Zhaoxia, ZHANG Weimin, LIU Hongguang
    2008, 3(2): 222-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0028-z
    Download PDF
    The magnetic leakage field distribution resulting from linear defects of a tube sample in the geomagnetic field is modeled according to the magnetic dipole theory. The formula to compute the normal component of the weak magnetic field is deduced based on the spatial distribution of the magnetic dipole. The shape and characteristics of the zero line (an important criterion for magnetic memory testing) of the normal field is analyzed under different longitudinal magnetizations. Results show that the characteristics of the zero line should be considered when the metal magnetic memory testing method is used to find and locate the defect.
  • Preparation of ultrafine α-AlO using precipitation-azeotropic distillation method
    XIAO Jin, QIN Qi, ZHOU Feng, CHEN Yanbin, WAN Ye
    2008, 3(2): 226-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0029-y
    Download PDF
    Ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH) was prepared by a precipitation-azeotropic distillation method, which uses aluminum sulfate as the Al source and ammonium carbonate as the precipitant. Then, AACH was calcined into ultrafine ?-Al2O3 powder. The factors that influence the dispersion property of ultrafine ?-Al2O3 powder are discussed in this paper, such as the methods of adding materials, surfactant, and drying methods. The changes of the structure and property of ultrafine alumina in the thermal treatment process are also studied. The morphological structure and properties of AACH are characterized by DTA/TGA, SEM, XRD, and ICP measurements. The results show that ultrafine ?-Al2O3 powder with a uniform particle size and well-distributed property can be synthesized only after aluminum sulfate atomizes into ammonium carbonate, proper amount of PEG1000 is added as the dispersant, and the product is treated by azeotropic distillation. The phase transformation of alumina during the calcination process can be described as amorphous Al2O3 → ?-Al2O3 → ?-Al2O3 → ?-Al2O3. The crystal grain size and density of ultrafine alumina powder increase with the increase of the calcination temperature. After AACH has been calcined at 1200°C for 2 h, the ultrafine ?-Al2O3 with uniform particle size, spherical shape, and more than 99.97% purity is obtained and its powder is well dispersed.
  • Dynamic modeling of flexible-links planar parallel robots
    DU Zhaocai, YU Yueqing, ZHANG Xuping, DU Zhaocai
    2008, 3(2): 232-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0032-3
    Download PDF
    This paper presents a finite element-based method for dynamic modeling of parallel robots with flexible links and rigid moving platform. The elastic displacements of flexible links are investigated while considering the coupling effects between links due to the structural flexibility. The kinematic constraint conditions and dynamic constraint conditions for elastic displacements are presented. Considering the effects of distributed mass, lumped mass, shearing deformation, bending deformation, tensile deformation and lateral displacements, the Kineto-Elasto dynamics (KED) theory and Lagrange formula are used to derive the dynamic equations of planar flexible-links parallel robots. The dynamic behavior of the flexible-links planar parallel robot is well illustrated through numerical simulation of a planar 3-RRR parallel robot. Compared with the results of finite element software SAMCEF, the numerical simulation results show good coherence of the proposed method. The flexibility of links is demonstrated to have a significant impact on the position error and orientation error of the flexible-links planar parallel robot.