Dec. 2023, Volume 17 Issue 6

It is of the utmost importance to review the pandemic prevention and control and scientific research work in the past years and solve some of the remaining challenges. Scientific assessments should be made from the aspects of pattern recognition, innovation, and implementation, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the future. We believe that the trajectory of COVID-19 response will certainly contribute to evidence-based policy-making and to building a global community of health for all. (Courtesy of Dr. Guangbiao Zhou. See pages 1011-1169 for more information.) Download cover

Oct. 2023, Volume 17 Issue 5

The image illustrates that the anti-migraine mechanism of acupuncture involves regulating a complex metabolites/proteins network and specific brain regions. (Courtesy of Dr. Guihua Tian. See pages 993-1005 by Chong Li et al. for more information.) Download cover

Aug. 2023, Volume 17 Issue 4

Cover Figure
The 15 quality control indicators of Chinese ICU constituting the 6 core elements and their weights based on EFA. (Courtesy of Drs. Guangliang Shan, Dawei Liu, and Xiang Zhou. See pages 675-684 by Longxiang Su et al. for more information.) Download cover

Jun. 2023, Volume 17 Issue 3

Although the Human Genome Project has been completed for over 20 years, our understanding of the function and regulation of human genome is still far from complete. In this issue of Frontiers of Medicine, Dan Liu et al. identified a novel human protein-coding gene, LY6A. This gene encodes the candidate ortholog of the mouse stem cell marker Ly-6A/Sca-1, and it is aberrantly expressed in human pituitary tumors. In this cover image, the newly identified human LY6A protein (green) is shown being tethered to the cell membrane by a GPI anchor, and its known homolog proteins, LY6E (light blue) and LY6L (light pink), are illustrated by the side of LY6A. The 3D structures of these proteins are predicted by AlphaFold (Google DeepMind. Jumper J, et al. Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold. Nature, 2021. Varadi M, et al. AlphaFold Protein Structure Database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy models. Nucleic Acids Research, 2021). The little yellow sticks within the structures denote the conserved disulfide bonds. (Courtesy of Drs. Chunhui Xu, Xiaojian Sun, and Zhe Bao Wu. See pages 458-475 by Dan Liu et al. for more information.) Download cover

Apr. 2023, Volume 17 Issue 2

The image illustrates that targeting three of the most important regulatory metabolic pathways in ferroptosis can be utilized for the management of human disease. The cover art features an allusion to the Chinese drama “Romance of Three Kingdoms”, in which in the chapter “Three heroes combating Lu Bu”, the three heroes Guan Yu (representing iron (Fe) metabolism), Zhang Fei (representing lipid peroxidation (PLOO•)) and Liu Bei (representing glutathione (GSH) pathways) work together to conquer Lu Bu (representing FERROPTOSIS) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. (Courtesy of Dr. Fudi Wang. See pages 173-206 by Xue Wang et al. for more information.)

Feb. 2023, Volume 17 Issue 1

The increased proportion of younger cervical cancer patients and earlier disease stages have increased the emphasis on preserving genital and endocrine functions and survival benefits after treatments. We conducted a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial to assess the non-inferiority of adjuvant chemotherapy alone versus adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) as an alternative strategy for patients with early-stage cervical cancer patients after surgery. The results showed that adjuvant chemotherapy treatment was non-inferior efficacy than adjuvant CCRT in patients with early-stage cervical cancer having pathological risk factors. Adjuvant chemotherapy alone is a favorable alternative post-operative treatment. (Courtesy of Dr. Ding Ma. See pages 93-104 by Danhui Weng et al. for more information.)

Dec. 2022, Volume 16 Issue 6

Blood smears and Wright–Giemsa staining was performed to observe the morphology of red blood cells in PWS patients. The malformation ratio of red blood cells increased in PWS patients. (Courtesy of Drs. Shuping Zhang and Jiajun Zhao. See pages 946-956 by Yashuang Yang et al. for more information.)

Oct. 2022, Volume 16 Issue 5

Inhibition of GNAQ/11 palmitoylation inhibits GNAQ/11 oncogenic transformation by interfering with the MAPK pathway and BCL2 survival pathway in GNAQ/11-mutant uveal melanoma cells and exhibits a synergistic effect with the BCL2 inhibitor in the treatment of GNAQ/11-mutant uveal melanoma. (Courtesy of Drs. Bo Jiao and Ruibao Ren. See pages 784-798 by Yan Zhang et al. for more information.)

Aug. 2022, Volume 16 Issue 4

Cover Figure Throat discomfort may be the principal manifestation of acute coronary syndrome, including acute myocardial infarction. Awareness of this condition will result in prompt diagnosis and reduce morbidity and mortality. (Courtesy of Dr. Yilai Shu. See pages 651-658 by Yanqing Fang et al. for more information.)

Jun. 2022, Volume 16 Issue 3

Abivertinib, a novel epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, could inhibit MK differentiation and platelet biogenesis and might be an agent for thrombocythemia. (Courtesy of Dr. Jie Jin. See pages 416-428 by Jiansong Huang et al. for more information.)

Apr. 2022, Volume 16 Issue 2

Dysregulated gut microbiome might alter the basal immune status of patients with COVID-19 and thereby influence the severity of the COVID-19. (Courtesy of Drs. Yun Tan and Saijuan Chen. See pages 263-275 by Xiaoguang Xu et al. for more information.) Download cover

Feb. 2022, Volume 16 Issue 1

Synapse formation was demonstrated by the fluorescence overlap with strong signal on the B/T cell interface, indicating CD3/CD19 bispecifc antibodies are capable of simultaneously engaging T cells and B cells in order to redirect T cells for the B-cell cytotoxicity. (Courtesy of Drs. Jin Wang, Xiaoqiang Yan, and Jian-Qing Mi. See pages 139-149 by Sisi Wang et al. for more information.)

Dec. 2021, Volume 15 Issue 6

The hypometabolism pattern of hypothalamic hamartoma patients. (Courtesy of Drs. Yongzhi Shan, Penghu Wei, and Guoguang Zhao. See pages 913-921 by Chao Lu et al. for more information.) Download cover

Oct. 2021, Volume 15 Issue 5

SHL oral liquid, a traditional Chinese patent medicine containing extracts of three herbs, including Lonicera japonica Thunb., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, and Forsythia suspense (Thunb.), used in combination with standard care was safe and partially effective for the treatment of COVID-19. The crystal structure reveals the inhibition mechanism of baicalein, a bioactive ingredient of SHL, to the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. (Courtesy of Drs. Yechun Xu and Hualiang Jiang. See pages 704-717 by Li Ni et al. for more information.) Download cover

Aug. 2021, Volume 15 Issue 4

Schematic figure of the characteristics for CD34⁺CD117^dim/CD34⁺CD117^bri myeloblasts in t(8;21) AML. (Courtesy of Dr. Lu Jiang. See pages 608-620 by Xueping Li et al. for more information.) Download cover

Jun. 2021, Volume 15 Issue 3

Immunofluorescent staining of endogenous PHB1 (red) and FKBP8 (green) in SK-OV-3 cells. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). (Courtesy of Dr. Yingjie Xu. See pages 448-459 by Jiahui Zhang et al. for more information.) Download cover

Apr. 2021, Volume 15 Issue 2

Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of typical bent head malformation of sperm in Dcaf8 knockout mice. (Courtesy of Dr. Ruibao Ren. See pages 302-312 by Xiuli Zhang et al. for more information.) Download cover Download table of contents

Feb. 2021, Volume 15 Issue 1

The 30-day heart failure risk in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with elevated fasting blood glucose was significantly increased than those with normal fasting blood glucose. The incidence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction was also significantly higher in the elevated fasting blood glucose group compared with those in normal fasting blood glucose group. (Courtesy of Dr. Hui Wang. See pages 70-78 by Hui Wang et al. for more information.) Download cover Download table of contents

Dec. 2020, Volume 14 Issue 6

Durability of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused arguably the most challenging pandemic disease to date. How long the adaptive immunity triggered by SARS-CoV-2 can last is of critical clinical relevance in assessing the probability of second infection and efficacy of vaccination. Here, we report the persistence of neutralizing antibodies and T cell response post 6−7 months of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. (Courtesy of Dr. Yun Tan. See pages 746‒751 by Yun Tan et al. for more information.)

Oct. 2020, Volume 14 Issue 5

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), the most common type of focal epilepsy, is characterized by the paradoxical discharge in mesial temporal lobe (illustrated as the yellow flashing lightning in the brain). Combining MRI (illustrated as the stereoscopic brain) and machine learning (illustrated as the number of “0” and “1”) techniques can successfully discriminate mTLE patients from healthy controls. We get the highest accuracy of 84% in the classification of mTLE patients and healthy controls by combining functional and structural measures, which suggest that combining multimodal measures within a single model is a promising direction for improving the classification of individual patients with mTLE. (Courtesy of Dr. Du Lei. See pages 630‒641 by Baiwan Zhou et al. for more information.)

Aug. 2020, Volume 14 Issue 4

Development of an artificial intelligence diagnostic model based on dynamic uncertain causality graph for the differential diagnosis of dyspnea. (Courtesy of Dr. Yang Jiao. See pages 488 ‒497 by Yang Jiao et al. for more information.)

Jun. 2020, Volume 14 Issue 3

Immunohistochemistry result for keratin 5 (marker of keratinocytes) in the skin of Ncstn^flox/flox;K5-Cre mice on postnatal day 30. (Courtesy of Drs. Yaping Liu and Xue Zhang. See pages 305‒317 by Jun Yang et al. for more information.)

Apr. 2020, Volume 14 Issue 2

Back to the spring of 2020. Sakura garden of East Lake, Wuhan, 2019. (Courtesy of Mr. Zhenyin Chen. See pages 113‒116 by Guangbiao Zhou et al. for more information.)

Feb. 2020, Volume 14 Issue 1

IHC detection of AcK27-HOXB9 in the normal pancreatic tissue. (Courtesy of Drs. Hongquan Zhang, Weigang Fang, and Jun Zhan. See pages 91?100 by Xiaoran Sun et al. for more information.)

Dec. 2019, Volume 13 Issue 6

Scanning electron micrograph of stereociliary bundles of cochlear hair cells in Tprn-null mice at the age of 2 months. High-resolution SEM image showed the degeneration and loss of stereociliary bundles in the outer hair cells (three rows) and relatively intact stereociliary bundles in the inner hair cells (one row). (Courtesy of Dr. Jiangang Gao. See pages 690?704 by Yuqin Men et al. for more information.)

Oct. 2019, Volume 13 Issue 5

Bone protective effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula Guan-Jie-Kang (GJK) on arthritis. GJK significantly relieved arthritis symptoms in experimental arthritic rats by modulating metabolic and the calcium signaling pathways. (Courtesy of Drs. Ying Xie and Liang Liu. See pages 564-574 by Hudan Pan et al. for more information.

Aug. 2019, Volume 13 Issue 4

Immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine LGR6 expression in colon adenocarcinoma (n=156). Low LGR6 expression predicted a short overall survival in patients with colon adenocarcinoma (log-rank test, P = 0.016). Univariate and multivariate survival analyses showed that, in addition to N and M classification, LGR6 expression served as an independent prognostic factor. Courtesy of Drs. Shigang Ding, Jun Zhan, and Hongquan Zhang. See pages 482-491 by Wenjing Wang et al. for more information.)

Jun. 2019, Volume 13 Issue 3

Homoharringtonine, a gift from the nature, brings hope to sick baby with fatal disease. Courtesy of Dr. Shuhong Shen.
(See pages 378-387 by Xiaoxiao Chen et al. for more information.)

Mar. 2019, Volume 13 Issue 2

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare chronic and progressive cystic lung disease in women. Typically, on CT scan of the chest, diffuse thin-walled loofah sac-like cysts are shown. Slowly progressive dyspnea, pneumothorax, chylothorax, or renal angiomyolipomas are the main manifestations of LAM. LAM can be sporadic or associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. Pulmonary hypertension is a major complication in advanced stage of LAM, indicating poor prognosis. Sirolimus, an effective treatment for LAM, may potentially alleviate LAM-related pulmonary hypertension. (Image created by Keqi Chen, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Courtesy of Dr. Kaifeng Xu. See pages 259-266 by Xiuxiu Wu et al. for more information.)

Mar. 2019, Volume 13 Issue 1

Establishment of retrovirus-producing cell line and optimization of culture conditions. CAR expression plasmid was transfected into Phoenix Eco cells by lipotamine 2000. (Courtesy of Dr. Zhinan Chen. See pages 57-68 by Zhao Zhang et al. for more information.）

Dec. 2018, Volume 12 Issue 6

The genetic risk score constructed by 34 type 2 diabetes common variants was found to be associated with depression. The Mendelian randomization analyses provided evidence suggesting a causal relationship between diabetes and depression. (Courtesy of Dr. Min Xu. See pages 678-687 by Liping Xuan et al. for more information.）

Sep. 2018, Volume 12 Issue 5

Both the size and number of B cell colonies in Zfyve16^KO mice significantly decreased compared with those in wild-type mice. The data demonstrate that Zfyve16 directly regulates the growth of B-lymphoid cells. (Courtesy of Drs. Ping Liu and Ruibao Ren. See pages 559-565 by Xuemei Zhao et al. for more information.）

Sep. 2018, Volume 12 Issue 4

Killing mechanisms of NK cell against tumor cells. Upon the formation of immunological synapse between activated NK cell and tumor cell, multiple killing mechanisms can be triggered, including direct killing of the tumor cell by the (A) release of granules containing perforin and granzymes and (B) induction of apoptosis through the ligation of Fas-FasL or TRAIL-TRAIL ligand, and indirect killing through (C) the secretion of factors that recruit and promote the activation of other inflammatory cells that indirectly kill a target cell. (Courtesy of Drs. Weihua Xiao and Zhigang Tian. See pages 440?450 by Fang Fang et al. for more information.）

May. 2018, Volume 12 Issue 3

A large amount of somatic genomic mutations have been reported in tumor samples of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. Here, Zhang, Qu, and Zhou et al. report that the counterpart normal lung tissues also harbor somatic genomic variations that are absent in tumor samples of patients or the human genome references. They call these variations counterpart normal control (CNC) mutations. (Courtesy of Dr. Guangbiao Zhou. See pages 280-288 by Dalin Zhang et al. for more information.）

Apr. 2018, Volume 12 Issue 2

Reference values for immune recovery in patients after allo-SCT. Kinetics of recovered immune cells (monocyte, lymphocyte, B cells, T cells and their subsets) in event-free patients post HLA-identical and HLA-haploidentical SCT are provided. To provide reference values that can be used for all recipients, the effects of recipients’ age, gender, and underlying disease on immune recovery are investigated. (Courtesy of Dr. Xiaojun Huang and Dr. Yingjun Chang. See pages 153?163 by Xuying Pei et al. for more information.）

Feb. 2018, Volume 12 Issue 1

The infectious outbreaks have largely been investigated with both of the principles established by John Snow in 1854 and the recent developed methodology known as genome epidemiology. (Courtesy of Dr. Biao Kan. See pages 23?33 by Biao Kan et al. for more information.）

Dec. 2017, Volume 11 Issue 4

Similar to standard CAR-T cells, LAG-3 knockout CAR-T cells can eradicate tumor in murine xenograft model (Courtesy of Dr. Haoyi Wang. See pages 554-562 by Yongping Zhang et al. for more information.）

Aug. 2017, Volume 11 Issue 3

Glomeruli of patients with ORG. Glomerulomegaly is present, and increased capillaries number is observed. Capsular space is restricted, and segmental sclerosis sites are located near the vascular pole. (Courtesy of Dr. Li Yao. See pages 340?348 by Tianhua Xu et al. for more information.）

Jun. 2017, Volume 11 Issue 2

Bone marrow aspirate smear demonstrating blasts cells (High power) stained with Wrigh-Giemsa from a patient with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The patient achieved molecular complete remission after received imatinib plus CALLG2008 protocol.

Mar. 2017, Volume 11 Issue 1

The abdominal aortic aneurysm was the most common type of aortic aneurysm in both groups, as was shown by the 3D reconstruction computed tomography angiography. (Courtesy of Dr. Xuejun Zeng. See pages 62?67 by Yun Zhang et al. for more information.）

Dec. 2016, Volume 10 Issue 4

Endogenous CRM1 (Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated secondary antibody, red) and overexpressed NUP98-IQCG (EGFP-tagged, green) colocalize in distinct nuclear dots (yellow) in HEK293T cells. (Courtesy of Dr. Saijuan Chen. See pages 410?419 by Mengmeng Pan et al. for more information.）

Aug. 2016, Volume 10 Issue 3

Mice treated with p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) showed increased atherosclerotic plaque areas after eight weeks of PCS administration. The figure shows representative aortic images of en face staining with oil red O in vehicle-treated and PCS-treated mice. (Courtesy of Dr. Ruiyan Zhang. See pages 320?329 by Hui Han et al. for more information.)

May. 2016, Volume 10 Issue 2

Immunohistochemistry of hFIX-expressing hepatocytes in hemophilia B mice that received 5×10¹¹ vg of rscAAV8-LP1-FIX vector. (Courtesy of Dr. Jinzhong Chen. See pages 212-218 by Wei Lu et al. for more information.)

Mar. 2016, Volume 10 Issue 1

Midline2 is overexpressed in breast cancer, promotes cell proliferation and correlates with poor prognosis. The shown breast cancer sections are immunohistochemically stained to display Midline2 expression in tumors. (Courtesy of Dr. Mengfeng Li. See pages 41?51 by Lan Wang et al. for more information.

Nov. 2015, Volume 9 Issue 4

Hypertrophic mouse heart displayed marked cardiac ultrastructural anomalies. Aspirin preserved the normal myocardial subcellular localization and reduced the hypertrophic injury.. (Courtesy of Dr. Baofeng Yang. See pages 444－456 by Samuel Chege Gitau et al. for more information.)

Aug. 2015, Volume 9 Issue 3

Disabled homolog 2 (DAB2) is an oncoprotein up-regulated along with prostate cancer progression and is required for migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells.(Courtesy of Dr. Qiuhua Huang. See pages 312-321 by Yinyin Xie et al. for more information.)

May. 2015, Volume 9 Issue 2

Transbronchial lung biopsy exhibited dilated alveolar spaces with laminated calcific concretions. Our final diagnosis was pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis with associated bronchial asthma. (Courtesy of Dr. Nidhya Ganesan. See pages 229－238 by Nidhya Ganesan et al. for more information.)

Mar. 2015, Volume 9 Issue 1

CT scan was performed 1 week after cryoablation to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. In the selected case, the 5.8 cm HCC lesion was totally replaced by hypovascular necrotic tissue with hypervascular inflammatory rim indicating a complete ablation of the tumor with a single cryoablation session. (Courtesy of Dr. Yongping Yang, See Pages 63-71 by Guanghua Rong et al. for more information.)

Dec. 2014, Volume 8 Issue 4

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition prevents transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-activated Smad signaling. The tissue was stained with Picrosirius Red to detect collagen distribution in the left ventricle. (Courtesy of Dr. Daowen Wang, See Pages 445－455 by Wei Gong et al. for more information.)

Oct. 2014, Volume 8 Issue 3

A real-world clinical research paradigm for traditional Chinese medicine, which is human-centered, data-oriented and problem-driven. With the idea of “from the clinic, to the clinic,” this paradigm integrates scientific computing with clinic, combining medical research with practice. (Courtesy of Dr. Guozheng Li, See Pages 272－278 by Baoyan Liu for more information.)

May. 2014, Volume 8 Issue 2

SA-β-gal staining detection of cisplatin-treated hepatoma cells. The positive SA-β-gal staining was exhibited in the cytoplasm of these cells and accompanied by long-term cisplatin treatment. (Courtesy of Dr. Chang Liu. See Pages 227-235 by Kai Qu et al. for more information.)

Apr. 2014, Volume 8 Issue 1

Immunohistochemistry of Twist in SCC specimens without lymph node metastasis. Cervical cancer tissue without lymph node metastasis shows lower Twist expression than those with metastasis. (Courtesy of Dr. Shixuan Wang. See Pages 106－112 By Tian Wang et al. for more information.)

Dec. 2013, Volume 7 Issue 4

Sep. 2013, Volume 7 Issue 3

Jun. 2013, Volume 7 Issue 2

Mar. 2013, Volume 7 Issue 1

Dec. 2012, Volume 6 Issue 4

Sep. 2012, Volume 6 Issue 3

Jun. 2012, Volume 6 Issue 2

Mar. 2012, Volume 6 Issue 1

Dec. 2011, Volume 5 Issue 4

Sep. 2011, Volume 5 Issue 3

Jun. 2011, Volume 5 Issue 2

Mar. 2011, Volume 5 Issue 1

Dec. 2010, Volume 4 Issue 4

Sep. 2010, Volume 4 Issue 3

Jun. 2010, Volume 4 Issue 2

Mar. 2010, Volume 4 Issue 1

Dec. 2009, Volume 3 Issue 4

Sep. 2009, Volume 3 Issue 3

Jun. 2009, Volume 3 Issue 2

Mar. 2009, Volume 3 Issue 1

Dec. 2008, Volume 2 Issue 4

Sep. 2008, Volume 2 Issue 3

Jun. 2008, Volume 2 Issue 2

Mar. 2008, Volume 2 Issue 1

Dec. 2007, Volume 1 Issue 4

Sep. 2007, Volume 1 Issue 3

Jun. 2007, Volume 1 Issue 2

Mar. 2007, Volume 1 Issue 1