The traditional low-pressure sintering was optimized for the preparation of Ti(C_0.5N_0.5)-WC-Mo₂C-TaC-Co-Ni cermets. Nitrogen was introduced into sintering system during different stages and with different pressures. The morphology and mechanical properties of cermets were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and measurements of transverse rupture strength (TRS), Vickers-hardness (HV) and fracture toughness (K _IC). The degree of denitrification is directly related to the amount of η phase. When nitrogen is introduced into the sintering system, the amount of observed η phase decreases. When nitrogen is introduced during solid-state sintering with appropriate pressure, the core-rim structure is well developed. And TRS and hardness get enhanced while toughness tends to be deteriorated with the nitrogen pressure increasing. When nitrogen is introduced after the sintering temperature reaches 1 350 °C or at higher pressures, the volume fraction of η phase increases. Sintered with a nitrogen pressure of 1.0 kPa during 1 200–1 350 °C, the bulk materials possess enhanced mechanical properties, in which the TRS, HV, and K _IC are 1 966 MPa, 1 583 MPa, and 9.08 MPa·m^1/2, respectively.

A self-regulating humidity material with bamboo for the room was prepared. The activated carbons were prepared with the temperature rising rates of 5, 10, 15, 20 °C/min and constant temperatures of 600, 700, 800, 900, 1 000, 1 100, 1 200, 1 300, 1 400, and 1 500 °C for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 6 h, respectively. And then their structures such as specific surface areas, volumes of pores from 3.7-7.1 nm and average pore diameters were tested. Various humidity conditions were simulated and their self-regulating humidity properties such as absorption/desorption contents, rates and stabilities were evaluated. The results show that the specific surface area, volume of pores from 3.7-7.1 nm and average pore diameter of activated carbon are closely nonlinearly related to the temperature rising rate, temperature and holding time. In general, the activated carbon prepared with the temperature rising rate of 5 °C/min and kept at 1 100 °C for 2 h has the highest absorption/ desorption content and rate, the lowest decay factor and then the best stability at all humidity for the fact that it is provided with proper average pore diameter, higher specific surface area and volume of pores from 3.7-7.1 nm. The activated carbons can be prepared with the temperature rising rate of 5 °C/min and kept at 1000, 900, 1 200, 1 300, 1 400, 1 500, 800, 700, and 600 °C respectively for 2 h. These resulted properties are attributed to their different average pore diameters and volumes of pores from 3.7-7.1 nm.

Organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was incorporated into the complex of 18-crown-6 (CE) and polyimide-croum ether (PI[CE]), and its effect on the properties of the complex was evaluated in terms of thermal behaviors, coefficient of thermal expansion, mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption. The results indicate that the overall properties of PI[CE] complex are obviously enhanced. A very low coefficient of thermal expansion of 17.9 ppm/K, a high tensile strength of 124.5 MPa, and toughness of 30.8 MJ/m³ can be achieved for the OMMT/PI[CE] nanocomposite with 3wt% OMMT. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of the PI[CE] complex is improved, and its 5% weight loss (T _d5%) and T _g increase by 10.6 and 23.0 °C, respectively, and the water absorption rate decreases from 1.73% to 1.13%. The homogeneous dispersion and strong interactions of OMMT with PI[CE] matrix are responsible for the superior properties of the nanocomposites according to SEM and XRD results.

A novel low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) material was fabricated by zinc titanate (ZnTiO₃) ceramics doped with B₂O₃-BaO-SiO₂-ZnO-Li₂O (BBSZL) glass. The influences of BBSZL glass on wetting behavior, sintering activation energy, phase composition, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. The experimental results show that the sintering temperature of ZnTiO₃ ceramics can be reduced from 1 100 to 925 °C, meanwhile the sintering activation energy is decreased from 465.32 to 390.54 kJ·mol^-1 by BBSZL glass aid, respectively. Moreover, BBSZL glass can inhibit the high Q×f ZnTiO₃ phase decompose into the low Q×f value Zn₂TiO₄ phase, which is propitious to obtain high Q×f value LTCC material. The ZnTiO₃-BBSZL composite sintered at 925 °C displays the excellent microwave dielectric properties with ε_r of 21.8, Q×f value of 42000 GHz, and τ_f of -75 ppm·°C^-1.

We introduced a modified pressureless sintering strategy by SPS with a new T-shape die and tapered punches, which helps the evaporation of melted Al and reduces the sample sticking with the inner wall of the die. Thus, the die breaking risk in the sintering process or the de-molding process is avoided at all. At a low temperature and short holding time, a high purity of Cr₂AlC was obtained in this SPS process from the optimization of different molar ratios of raw materials. Simultaneously, the high porosity of the as-obtained sample was also a distinguishing feature worth noticing. The reaction mechanism for this process was also discussed in detail. This study presented a new venue for future development of high purity “MAX” materials and others related materials by a modified pressureless sintering strategy.

Catalyst enhanced chemical vapor deposition of nickel film on high T _g polymers such as teflon (PTFE), polyimide(PI), and polysulfone(PS) was investigated by hot wall and cold wall CVD, in which Ni(dmg)₂, Ni(acac)₂, Ni(hfac)₂, Ni(TMHD)₂, and Ni(cp)₂ are used as precursors, and palladium complexes are used as catalysts. The films obtained were shiny with silvery color. The Ni was metallic and the purity of Ni was about 92%-95% from XPS analysis. SEM micrographs show that the film had good morphology. The conductivity of the film was about 0.5-4 Ω·cm^-1. Ni films had good adhesion with polyimide and polysulfone.

We prepared a two-dimensional transition metal carbide Ti₂CT _x by treatment of Ti2AlC in molten fluoride salt. Two fluorinated salt systems were used to etch Al from Ti₂AlC powder precursor under the argon atmosphere, and then the resulting MXene was delaminated with TBAOH to produce few-layered nanosheets of Ti₂CT _x. The reaction was undergone at different temperatures to study the effect of temperature. The results show that the optimal reaction temperature is 600 °C in LiF-NaF-KF system, and 850 °C in NaFKF system. The molten salt treated products are delaminated and quasi-2D MXene sheets can be obtained. The thickness of the MXene sheets prepared from the binary molten salt system is smaller than that of the ternary molten salt system.

A mild chemistry route was developed to prepare carbonaceous nanofibers-titanium dioxide (CNF-TiO₂) nanocomposites for removal of dye pollutants. In the process of the template-directed hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), ultrathin Te nanowires were adopted as templates and glucose as the carbon source, and TiO₂ was decorated on CNF via the hydrolysis of tetrabutyltitanate in the presence of CNF in ethanol. The as-prepared materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM and TEM observations displayed that TiO₂ nanoparticles were anchored on the CNF. EDX and XRD data confirmed that the assynthesized samples were CNF-TiO₂, and TiO₂ belonged to anatase titania. Taking advantage of combined benefits of carbonaceous nanofibers and titanium dioxide, these CNF-TiO₂ nanocomposites exhibited higher removal efficiency in a short time and showed good reusability. It was showed that over 97% of Rhodamine B could be removed in 15 min without generating the solid and liquid wastes. The removal efficiency of dyes was still over 80% after reuse in five cycles. All the results demonstrate that the as-prepared CNF-TiO₂ composites are effective materials for fast and effective removal of dye pollutants and thus can provide a new platform for dye decontamination.

The 0.6mol% CuO-doping 0.996(0.95Na_0.5K_0.5NbO₃-0.05LiSbO₃)-0.004FeBiO₃ (KNN-LSBF-CuO) piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by a solid-state reaction technique, and the structure and piezoelectric properties dependence of sintering time in KNN-LS-BF-CuO ceramics were studied. It is found that all the samples sintered for various time are perovskite structure mixed with orthorhombic symmetry phase and tetragonal phase, but the sintering time has significant influences on the crystalline and properties. When the sintering time increases from 2 hours to 6 hours, the grain of KNN-LS-BF-CuO ceramics becomes more homogeneous and more tight-arrangement. The experimental results reveal that the longer sintering time than 4 hours is beneficial for improving partial properties, such as d ₃₃, tgδ, and Q _m, but is adverse to ε_r and k _p, the KNNLS-BF-CuO ceramics with optimum properties can be synthesized for 6 hours at 1 060 °C.

Bagasse fibers were modified using NaOH, KH550, and NaOH/KH550, respectively, and used as reinforcement to prepare bagasse/starch/PVA composite. A combination of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the chemical composition. The surface of bagasse fibers and cross-sectional morphologies for bagasse/starch/PVA composite were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Contact angles were measured to test the wettability of the resulting composite. After the chemical treatment with NaOH/KH550, the mechanical properties of the composite can be greatly improved. The contact angle is larger, indicating the variation of surface property from hydrophilicity into hydrophobicity.

Eu³⁺ ion doped cubic Na₅Lu₉F₃₂ single crystals with high quality were synthesized by a modified Bridgman method by using a high 70–90 °C/cm temperature gradient for cross solid-liquid interface. The optical spectroscopic investigations of the obtained single crystal were reported for the absorption, excitation and emission. The experimental results show that a strong red emission at 609 nm attributing to the ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transition of Eu³⁺ doped Na₅Lu₉F₃₂ single crystals can be obtained under the excitation of 394 nm light and reach the maximum when the Eu³⁺ doping concentration is 4mol% in present research. The local covalent is enhanced and symmetry is reduced with the increase of Eu³⁺ concentrations inferring from the strength parameters Ω ₂ and Ω ₄ calculated by their measured emission spectra. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of the 4mol% Eu³⁺ doped Na₅Lu₉F₃₂ single crystals are calculated as (x=0.626, y=0.3736), which are close to the NTSC standard values for red (x=0.67, y=0.33). The experimental results reveal that the single crystal can be used as potential red phosphors under near ultraviolet (NUV) light excitation.

Particle removal mechanism was presented during machining particle SiC/Al composites with diamond grinding tool. The relevant removal modes and their mechanisms were discussed considering the impact and squeezing effect of diamond grit on the SiC particle. The experimental results show that the aluminum matrix has larger plastic deformation, so the aluminum mixed with the surplus SiC particles is cut from the surface. The SiC particles can be removed in multiple ways, such as broken/fractured, micro cracks, shearing and pulled out, etc. More particles removed by shearing, and less particles removed by fractured during material removal progress can produce a better machined surface.

A simple and fast method of preparation of vanadium carbide (V₈C₇) nanopowders using mechanical alloying assisted microwave heating method was demonstrated. The micron-sized V₂O₅ and nano-sized carbon black were used as starting materials. The as-prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The experimental results show that the V₈C₇ powders can be obtained by microwave heating at 1 100 °C for 1 h (34wt% C). The synthesized powders show good dispersion and are mainly composed of spherical or near-spherical particles with a mean diameter of about 30 nm. The XPS spectra show that the surface of the specimen mainly consists of V, C, and O three species elements.

The aging behavior of single lap joints (SLJ) in hygrothermal cycles was investigated and compared by using a shearing strength test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The temperature/relative humidity was set at 80 ℃/95% and–40 ℃/30% for 20 cycles, 40 cycles, and 60 cycles (one cycle was 12 hours), respectively. The experimental results show that hygrothermal aging significantly decreases the failure strength of adhesive joints. However, the failure displacement increases as the number of aging cycles increases. In addition, hygrothermal aging changes the failure mode of the adhesive joints from a cohesive fracture in un-aged adhesive layers to an interfacial failure of aged adhesive joints.

A new type of capric acid (CA)-acid expanded vermiculite (AEV) composite phase change material (PCM) with improved adsorption ability and interface adhesive strength was developed. Through the analysis of non-isothermal phase transition kinetics, modified vermiculite was observed to change and affect the phase transformation mechanism of the composite. AEV was treated with hydrochloric acid to improve the specific surface area and micro-pore structure. The surface area measured by BET increased from 81.94 m²/g for expanded vermiculite (EV) to 544.13 m²/g for AEV. CA-EV and CA-AEV composite PCMs were prepared by direct impregnation. The non-isothermal phase transition isotherms of CA-EV and CA-AEV were recorded by DSC at different heating rates (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ℃/min), which indicated that the phase transition rate increased with the heating rate and the phase transition process changed. Kinetics parameters were analyzed by a double extrapolation method. The activation energy (E) under the original state (E _α→0) of CA-AEV and CA-EV was 1 117 kJ/mol and 937 kJ/mol, respectively, and 1 205 kJ/mol and 1 016 kJ/mol under the thermal equilibrium state (E_β→0). The most probabilistic mechanism function of CA-AEV satisfied G(α)=α^2/3, which followed the Mample special rule, and the function of CA-EV satisfied G(α)=[(1+α)^(1/3)−1]², which followed the anti-Jander function.

We examined the applicability of the pumice aggregate on the concrete formed by considering the reactive powder concrete mixture ratios, for the rigid superstructure concrete road pavement and building construction. The natural pumice aggregate in fibrous and non-fibrous concrete samples was used in the production of concrete by fracturing in 0.1-0.6 mm dimensions in rotor mill. The concreted formed in this way is named after the pumice powder concrete (PPC). The PPC samples produced were taken 7 days as 20 °C standard water cure, 28 days as 20 °C standard cure and 9 different types of combined cures. The combined cures were applied different temperatures in different durations. PPC samples were subjected to some pressure and flexural tests at the end of the standard water and combined cures. The highest compressive and flexural strengths of PPC samples were obtained after the combined cures: 3 days in 20 °C as standard water curing + 2 days in 180 °C in drying-oven. The highest compressive strength of PPC samples without any fiber was found to be 47.27 MPa, as for the highest flexural strength, it is found to be 5.23 MPa, in the end of the study. The highest compressive strength of fibrous PPC samples was 51.12 MPa, while flexural strength was 6.57 MPa.

To research the possibility of steel-making dust as a kind of mineral filler in asphalt mixture, two steel-making dusts and one ordinary mineral filler were adopted. The specific density, specific surface area, fineness modulus and mineralogy component of the dusts were tested. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to research the microstructure of the dusts; dynamic shear rheological (DSR) test and time sweep test were used to research the high temperature and fatigue performance of asphalt mortars containing steel-making dust. The experimental results indicate that, compared with ordinary mineral filler, steel-making dusts have more active ingredients, difference surface characteristics and micro-structure. Furthermore, the high temperature and fatigue performance of steel-making dusts corresponding asphalt mortars are superior to those of reference group. Therefore, the steel-making dust would be an alternative to the ordinary mineral filler to improve the performance of asphalt mortars and reduce the harm of the dusts to the environment at the same time.

Vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW) was used for joining 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets, and the resulting joint microstructure was analyzed. 2024/7075 aluminum alloy pairs with suitable processing parameters can be prepared by using VFAW. Dynamic preform addresses the poor formability problem of target material and advantage of VFAW on dissimilar materials in some conditions. But with standoff sheet inserting in the flyer and target, 2024/7075 welded pairs gets the better weld strength, compared with flyer preformed method. The microstructure of the circular weld area of the welded joint showed a wave interface, in which a thin melt layer formed at the center and edge parts. The crystal grains near the bonding interface were remarkably elongated and refined. Therefore, the joining of the 2024/7075 pairs was facilitated through plastic forming and melting.

The effects of Mg on the microstructure and growth kinetics of the hot-dip Zn-22.3Al-1.1Si-x Mg (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) coatings were investigated in detail. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies revealed the presence of η-Zn, α-Al, Zn/Al eutectoid, (Si), Al/Si eutectic, and Zn/Al/Mg₂Zn11 ternary eutectic on the top surface of these Mg-containing coatings. Especially, a small amount of MgZn₂ phase appears in top surface of Zn-22.3Al-1.1Si-0.6Mg coating. Five phases are found in the alloy layers, i e, Fe₂Al₅, FeAl₃, τ_5C, τ_5H, and τ₁. The addition of 0.2% Mg can delay the emergence of FeAl₃ phase. When the Mg content is more than 0.2%, the outer layers of coating change from τ_5C to τ_5H phase. The growth of the inhibition layer is diffusion controlled for various Mg content baths. Mg improves the corrosion resistance of the Mg-containing coatings, and the Zn-22.3Al-1.1Si-0.6Mg coating possesses the highest protective properties.

Mo fibers were added to RMC with different mass ratios of resin and hardener to improve its mechanical properties. The influences of fiber surface state and hardener content on interface bonding strength and mechanical properties of RMC were studied, respectively. Furthermore, strain values of typical measuring points on samples of Mo fiber reinforced RMC (MFRRMC) under different loads were obtained by experiments and finite element analysis. The experimental results prove that scrap Mo fibers can improve interface bonding strength and mechanical properties of RMC better than new smooth Mo fibers because of the discharge pits randomly distributed on the surface of scrap fibers. With the decrease of hardener content, not only interface bonding strength between fiber and matrix, but also compression and flexural strength of MFRRMC increase firstly and then decrease. The properties are best while the mass ratio of resin and hardener reaches 4:1. It is indicated that finite element calculation data basically agree with experimental data by comparison of strain values on typical measuring points, which can provide an important intuitive reference for successive study on other mechanical properties of MFRRMC, validating the correctness of simulation method as well.

NbCrAl coatings in the presence or absence of Al outer layer were prepared on C103 Nb based alloy and alumina substrate by direct current magnetron sputtering technique. The oxidation performance of coating systems was evaluated by isothermal oxidation tests. The element diffusion and oxidation behavior of the coating systems were investigated. The results indicate that the mass gains of NbCrAl and Al/NbCrAl coatings are 2.02 mg/cm² and 0.79 mg/cm² at 1 000 °C for short time. Al/NbCrAl coatings exhibit more effective protection than NbCrAl coatings. The addition of Al layer can improve the oxidation resistance of NbCrAl coatings, which is attributed to the Al layer offering enough Al content to react with oxygen to form a continuous and dense Al₂O₃ scale on NbCrAl coating and it can inhibit the further internal oxidation.

Stop-action technique was employed in order to study grain structure and texture evolution of thin 6082-T6 aluminum alloy sheets during friction stir welding (FSW). The evolutions of microstructure and texture were studied in different regions (ahead, behind, far behind the tool and base material as well) of the deformed samples. Materials ahead the tool experienced shear deformation were induced by rotation of the tool as well as the shoulder, which can pronounce copper and Goss texture. Grains behind the tool experienced dynamic recovery and recrystallization, exhibiting a characteristic of {110}<001> recrystallization Goss texture. Materials far behind the tool probably experienced more thermal cycling. Recrystallization grains will grow and present {100}<012> texture. In addition, the shoulder gave rise to a large shear stress that led to {111}<110> shear texture.

Effect of ultrasonic vibration on deformation in micro-blanking was investigated with copper foils of different grain sizes using a developed device. It is found that maximum shearing strength is decreased by ultrasonic vibration, and this effect becomes bigger for coarse grain than that for fine grain, which can be attributed to acoustic softening effect considering the absorbed acoustic energy. Surface roughness R _a of smooth zone decreases for the polishing effect of vibration at the lateral contact surface. When ultrasonic vibration is applied, the sheared deformation area becomes relatively narrow, and it leads to the reduction of radius of rollover. The analysis of cross section in sheared deformation area shows that the crack initiation is inhabited for the existence of acoustic softening, and the proportion of smooth zone is increased. Also, angle of crack propagation becomes smaller because of periodic strain, and the angle of facture surface is decreased. As a result, the quality of micro-sheet parts is improved by applying ultrasonic vibration.

Magnesium alloys with superhydrophobicity are constructed by controlling rough surface structure and grafting long hydrophobic alkyl chains. Changes of morphology, phase structure, chemical composition as well as wettability, corrosion resistance of superhydrophobic magnesium alloy upon immersing in corrosive media are investigated comparatively. Meanwhile, the contaminating particles on as-prepared superhydrophobic surfaces can be taken away easily by rolling water droplets. Therefore, the results show that as-prepared superhydrophobic magnesium alloys exhibit enhanced corrosion resistance and self-healing performance. Finally, anti-corrosion and self-cleaning mechanisms are deduced. It can be concluded that it is an effective strategy of preparing superhydrophobic surfaces for improving the corrosion resistance and selfcleaning performance of magnesium alloys.

In order to improve microstructure distribution and mechanical properties of Mg alloy joint by annealing treatment, die-casting AZ31 Mg alloy was successfully welded at rotation speed of 1 400 rpm and travel speed of 200 mm/min. The welded joints were annealed at 150–300 °C for 15–120 min and then were subjected to transverse tensile. The microstructure of annealed joints was analyzed by optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The experimental results indicate that (0001) texture intensity in stir zone significantly reduces and sharp transition of grain size is relieved in the interface between stir zone and thermo-mechanically affected zone after annealed at 200 °C for 30 min. Meanwhile, the elongation is increased from 7.5% to 13.0% and strength is increased slightly. It is because that annealing treatment can inhibit twin transformation and retain its ability to coordinate deformation during tensile deformation, which contributes to the improvement of plasticity. In addition, annealing treatment can increase the width of interfacial transition zone and lead to gradual transition of grain size between the SZ and TMAZ, which balances dislocation diffusion rate in different zone.

In order to effectively improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys, anodic oxidation technique was used to generate the oxide film. We investigated the influences of two inorganic corrosion inhibitors (ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium molybdate) on the corrosion resistance of anodic oxidation films on 2024 aluminum alloy, and studied the synergistic effect of two corrosion inhibitors. The corrosion resistance of anodic oxidation film in 3.5wt% NaCl solution was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves. Results show that, after adding the single ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or sodium molybdate of 0.01 M to oxalic acid electrolyte, inhibition efficiencies of the anodized samples are 10% and 47%, respectively. However, in the presence of two inhibitors with the same concentration of 0.01 M, inhibition efficiency can be as high as 92%. Therefore, we observed the significantly synergistic corrosion inhibition effect of molybdate and phosphate ions for anodic oxidation film formed on 2024 aluminum alloy.

Fe-based coatings reinforced by spherical WC particles were produced on the 304 stainless steel by plasma transferred arc (PTA) to enhance the surface wear properties. Three different Fe/WC composite powder mixtures containing 0wt%, 30wt%, and 60wt% of WC were investigated. The microstructure and phase composition of the Fe/WC composite PTA coatings were evaluated systemically by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The wear properties of the three fabricated PTA coatings were investigated on a BRUKER UMT TriboLab. The morphologies of the worn tracks and wear debris were characterized by using SEM and 3D non-contract profiler. The experimental results reveal that the microhardness on the cross-section and the wear resistance of the fabricated coatings increase dramatically with the increasing adding WC contents. The coating containing 60wt% of WC possesses excellent wear resistance validated by the lower coefficients of friction (COF), narrower and shallower wear tracks and smaller wear rate. In the pure Fe-based coating, the main wear mechanism is the combination of adhesion and oxidative wear. Adhesive and two-body abrasive wear are predominated in the coating containing 30wt% of WC, whereas threebody abrasion wear mechanism is predominated in the coating containing 60wt% of WC.

Luminescent porous materials have shown various applications such as electronic devices, gas adsorption, energy materials and photocatalysis. Consequently, we designed and prepared a new type borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) based porous organic polymer (POP) by using Sonogashira coupling reaction. This POP-1 exhibits high thermal stability with moderate surface area. In addition, POP-1 is highly emissive in a solid state. Due to enrichment of different kinds of heteroatoms in the skeleton of the porous polymer, POP-1 selectively captures carbon dioxide (CO₂) with relative high adsorption selectivity of CO₂/N₂.

In order to develop economically anti-ultraviolet (UV) aging additives to bitumen and extend the comprehensive utilization of lignin materials, lignosulfonate (LS) was selected to intercalate into layered double hydroxides (LDHs), then the LS intercalated LDHs (LS-LDHs) were applied to improve UV aging resistance of bitumen. With the characterization of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, chemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), LS was successfully intercalated into the galleries of LDHs. The ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis) absorbance curves showed LS-LDHs had excellent UV absorptive ability from 200 to 400 nm. Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) indicated LS-LDHs could have a good thermal stability during the processing of bitumen. Compared with the LDHs, the LS-LDHs exhibited better performance in UV aging resistance of bitumen.

Nano-NiO and bulk NiO were prepared from Ni(AC)₂·4H₂O by coordination precipitation using aqueous ammonia and by a solid state reaction, respectively. The nickel oxide particles were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that nano-sized NiO has a crystal phase with a standard face-centered cubic lattice structure, with a mean particle diameter of about 10 nm. The evaluation of the activity of nickel oxide nanoparticles in the catalytic hydrogenation of 7-methoxy-1-naphthylacetonitrile was carried out. The results demonstrate the efficient synthesis of the title compound by a one-pot catalytic hydrogenation and acetylation with NiO. The NiO nanoparticles displayed superior catalytic activity in the synthesis of agomelatine in the one-pot reaction.The total yield of agomelatine is over 81.8% with a purity of 99.2%, as determined by HPLC. The structure of agomelatine was confirmed by IR, MS, and 1H NMR analysis.

In order to reduce the curing temperature, shorten the curing time of phenol- formaldehyde (PF) resin adhesive, and ensure the good water-solubility, NaOH and Ba(OH)₂ were used as compound catalysts. The influences of the adding time of Ba(OH)₂, the adding amount of NaOH, Ba(OH)₂ and resorcinol on the properties of adhesives were studied. The properties of NaOH catalyzed phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesive, NaOH and Ba(OH)₂ compound catalyzed PF adhesive, NaOH and Ba(OH)₂ compound catalyzed phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) adhesive, and the prepared recombinant bamboo with three kinds of adhesives were compared. The experimental results show that NaOH and Ba(OH)₂ compound catalyst not only shortens the curing time of PF adhesive, but also guarantees the suitable water solubility of adhesive. After copolycondensation with resorcinol, the curing time of adhesive is further shortened, the water solubility is improved obviously, and the highest bonding strength is obtained. Infrared spectrum analysis shows that the reaction activity point of NaOH and Ba(OH)₂ compound catalyzed PRF adhesive will increase, so that both the curing temperature and curing enthalpy decrease.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the morphology of titanium implant surfaces on dental plaque biofilm formation and the antimicrobial effects of mouthrinses on dental plaque biofilms regarding these titanium surfaces by using an open biofilm model. The average surface roughness (RA) of three types of titanium surfaces (Smooth, hydroxyapatite (HA), sandblast large grit and acid-etching (SLA)) were tested by atomic force microscope (AFM). Subgingival plaques were collected and cultured on titanium surfaces for 4 hours to 2 weeks. After treatment with mouthrinses, characterization of dental plaque biofilms was tested by field-emission SEM (FESEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results of AFM and SEM showed that the surface roughness and biofilm thickness of HA and SLA surfaces were significantly higher than those of smooth surface. In addition, it was revealed that the mouthrinses were effective on the killing of young dental plaque biofilms, while the more mature biofilm (14-day-old) exhibited a stronger resistance to mouthrinses used in this study. In conclusion, the roughness of titanium surfaces can affect the dental plaque biofilm formation and Colgate Plax and Listerine COOL MINT are effective mouthrinses to kill dental plaques at the early stage of biofilm growth on the titanium implant surfaces.

Hierarchically interconnected porous activated carbon have high specific surface areas, large numbers of dye adsorption sites, and interconnected pores for dye molecule diffusion and transportation. We prepared hierarchically interconnected porous banana peel activated carbons (BPACs) via a green method involving hydrothermal pretreatment and KOH activation, and systematically tested its methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity. SEM showed that the BPACs had an interconnected porous structure and high-porosity surface. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area was 601.21 m²/g, the adsorption average pore diameter was 2.11 nm, and the total pore volume was 0.32 cm³/g. The MB adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature, initial MB concentration, and pH value; it decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results for MB adsorption on BPACs were best described by the Langmuir adsorption and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. BPACs have a well-developed hierarchically interconnected porous structure, which increase the MB adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. Systematic MB adsorption tests show that BPAC is a highly efficient and easily available adsorbent.

A new type of zeolite composite antibacterial agents was prepared by introducing zinc oxide and copper ions into 13X zeolite through the coprecipitation and ion-exchange methods. The structural properties of the tested antibacterial material were characterized and the antibacterial activity was evaluated. In Cu²⁺/ZnO-13X (CZ-13), zinc oxide and copper ions were either embedded in the interlayer space or dispersed on surface of 13X zeolite. Excellent antimicrobial activity of CZ-13 was observed on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). In the case of Cu²⁺/ZnO-13X, both MIC and MBC against E.coli were 0.2 mg/mL and 0.8 mg/mL. For S.aureus, CZ-13 also showed similar antibacterial properties. The bacterial cells turned from normal rod-shape into irregular shapes after treatment with the tested CZ-13. An increase of the intracellular enzyme activity after CZ-13 addition suggested that the permeability of the cell membrane increased and bacteria were damaged.

We prepared a kind of metal oxide-modified walnut-shell activated carbon (MWAC) by KOH chemical activation method and used for PH₃ adsorption removal. Meanwhile, the PH₃ adsorption equilibrium was investigated experimentally and fitted by the Toth equation, and the isosteric heat of PH₃ adsorption was calculated by the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation. The exhausted MWAC was regenerated by water washing and air drying. Moreover, the properties of five different samples were characterized by N₂ adsorption isotherm, SEM/EDS, XPS, and FTIR. The results showed that the maximum PH₃ equilibrium adsorption capacity was 595.56 mg/g. The MWAC had an energetically heterogeneous surface due to values of isosteric heat of adsorption ranging from 43 to 90 kJ/mol. The regeneration method provided an effective way for both adsorption species recycling and exhausted carbon regeneration. The high removal efficiency and big equilibrium adsorption capacity for PH₃ adsorption on the MWAC were related to its large surface area and high oxidation activity in PH₃ adsorption-oxidation to H₃PO₄ and P₂O₅. Furthermore, a possible PH₃ adsorption mechanism was proposed.

The effect of crystallization conditions of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) component on the crystallization of poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) component in their segment block copolymer, with a higher PTMO content (PTMO mass fraction is 67%), was investigated by DSC and temperature-dependent FTIR. It is found that the isothermal crystallization time (t _IC) of PBS has an effect on the crystallization behavior of PTMO component. Perturbation correlation move-window two-dimensional (PCMW2D) correlation analysis and generalized 2D correlation analysis (2DIR) were performed to explore the origin of this phenomenon. The PCMW2D and 2DIR results show that the correlation intensity peak observed at around 20 °C for PTMO is due to the PTMO chains movements forced by the PBS chains folded movements. If t _IC of PBS at temperature of 20 °C is prolonged, more PTMO components are incorporated in the region between PBS lamellae and the peak at -7.6 °C (belonging to less-constricted PTMO chains) changes smaller and even disappears, while the peak at -16.3 °C belonging to more-constricted PTMO chains gets bigger. A crystallization model was also established in this study. The results of tensile testing showed that tensile strength slightly increased and elongation at break decreased with increasing heat treatment time at 40 °C.