Antibacterial Activity of Cu²⁺-ZnO-modified 13X Zeolite against E.coli and S.aureus

Abstract

A new type of zeolite composite antibacterial agents was prepared by introducing zinc oxide and copper ions into 13X zeolite through the coprecipitation and ion-exchange methods. The structural properties of the tested antibacterial material were characterized and the antibacterial activity was evaluated. In Cu²⁺/ZnO-13X (CZ-13), zinc oxide and copper ions were either embedded in the interlayer space or dispersed on surface of 13X zeolite. Excellent antimicrobial activity of CZ-13 was observed on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). In the case of Cu²⁺/ZnO-13X, both MIC and MBC against E.coli were 0.2 mg/mL and 0.8 mg/mL. For S.aureus, CZ-13 also showed similar antibacterial properties. The bacterial cells turned from normal rod-shape into irregular shapes after treatment with the tested CZ-13. An increase of the intracellular enzyme activity after CZ-13 addition suggested that the permeability of the cell membrane increased and bacteria were damaged.

Keywords

copper ions / zinc oxide / 13X Zeolite / antibacterial activity

References

[1] Gothwal R, Shashidhar T. Antibiotic Pollution in the Environment: A Review[J]. Clean–Soil. Air. Water., 2015, 43: 479-489.

[2] Awad YM, Kim SC, El–Azeem SAMA, et al. Veterinary Antibiotics Contamination in Water, Sediment, and Soil Near a Swine Manure Composting Facility[J]. Enviorn. Earth. Sci., 2014, 3: 1 433-1 440.

[3] Daghrir R, Drogui P. Tetracycline Antibiotics in the Environment: A Review[J]. Environ. Chem. Lett., 2013, 11: 209-227.

[4] Beyth N, Yael HH, Domb AJ, et al. Alternative Antimicrobial Approach: Nano-antimicrobial Materials[J]. Evid-Based Compl Alt., 2015 1-16.

[5] Thomas UB, Manaia CM, Merlin C, et al. Tackling Antibiotic Resistance: The Environmental Framework[J]. Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2015, 13: 310-317.

[6] Matai I, Sachdev A, Dubey P, et al. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Ag–ZnO Nanocomposite on S. aureus and GFP–expressing Antibiotic Resistant E. coli[J]. Colloids. Surf. B., 2014, 115: 359-367.

[7] Chen YY, Ma YL, Yang J, et al. Aqueous Tetracycline Degradation by H2O2 Alone: Removal and Transformation Pathway[J]. Chem. Eng. J., 2017, 307: 15-23.

[8] Wan Y, Jia A, Zhu Z, et al. Transformation of Tetracycline during Chloramination: Kinetics, Products and Pathways[J]. Chemosphere., 2013, 90: 1 427-1 434.

[9] Park HJ, Lim HM. Antimicrobial Properties of Ag–exchanged Natural and Synthetic Zeolites: A Short Review[J]. Curr. Green Chem., 2015, 2: 354-361.

[10] Zanzen U, Bovenkamp L, Krishna KS, et al. Antibacterial Action of Copper Ions on Food–contaminating Bacteria[J]. Acta. Biologica. Szegediensis., 2014, 57: 149-151.

[11] Kruk T, Szczepanowicz K, Stefanska J. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Monodisperse Copper Nanoparticles[J]. Colloid. Surface. B., 2015, 128: 17-22.

[12] Ozdemir G, Limoncu MH, Yapar S. The Antibacterial Effect of Heavy Metal and Cetylpridinium–exchanged Montmorillonites[J]. Appl. Clay. Sci., 2010, 48: 319-323.

[13] Shi QS, Tan SZ, Yang QH, et al. Preparation and Characterization of Antibacterial Zn2+–exchanged Montmorillonites[J]. J Wuhan Univ Technol., 2010, 25(5): 725-729.

[14] Ozdemir G, Limoncu MH, Yapar S. The Antibacterial Effect of Heavy Metal and Cetylpridinium–exchanged Montmorillonites[J]. Appl. Clay. Sci., 2010, 48: 319-323.

[15] Jiang J, Li G, Ding Q, et al. Ultraviolet Resistance and Antimicrobial Properties of ZnO–supported Zeolite Filled Isotactic Polypropylene Composites[J]. Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 2012, 97: 833-838.

[16] Jones N, Binata Ray, Ranjit KT, et al. Antibacterial Activity of ZnO Nanoparticle Suspensions on A Broad Spectrum of Microorganisms[J]. Fems. Microbiol. Lett., 2008, 279: 71-76.

[17] Zhang LL, Jiang YH, Ding YL, et al. Investigation into the Antibacterial Behaviour of Suspensions of ZnO Nanoparticles (ZnO Nanofluids) [J]. J. Nanopart. Res., 2007, 9: 479-489.

[18] Demirci S, Ustaoğlu Z, Yilmazer GA, et al. Antimicrobial Properties of Zeolite–X and Zeolite–A Ion–exchanged with Silver, Copper, and Zinc Against a Broad Range of Microorganisms[J]. Biotechnol. Appl. Bioc., 2014, 172: 1 652-1 662.

[19] Zhang Y, Zhong SL, Zhang MS, et al. Antibacterial Activity of Silver–loaded Zeolite A Prepared by a Fast Microwave–loading Method[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2009, 44: 457-462.

[20] Hrenović J, Milenkovic J, Ivanković T, et al. Antibacterial Activity of Heavy Metal–loaded Natural Zeolite[J]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2012, 201: 260-264.

[21] Lv JM, Ma YL, Chang X, et al. Removal and Removing Mechanism of Tetracycline Residue from Aqueous Solution by Using Cu–13X[J]. Chem. Eng. J., 2015, 273: 247-253.

[22] Thakkallapelli G, Swetha G, Shekar SC, et al. Ozone Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene over 13X Zeolite Supported Metal Oxides and the Effect of Moisture on the Catalytic Process[J]. Arab. J. Chem., 2016 1-12.

[23] Silva JAC, Cunha AF, Schumann K, et al. Binary Adsorption of CO2/CH4 in Binderless Beads of 13X Zeolite[J]. Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 2014, 187: 100-107.

[24] Alswat AA, Ahmad MB, Saleh TA, et al. Effect of Zinc Oxide Amounts on the Properties and Antibacterial Activities of Zeolite/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2016, 68: 505-511.

[25] Li M, Li G, Fan YF, et al. Effect of Nano–ZnO–supported 13X Zeolite on Photo–oxidation Degradation and Antimicrobial Properties of Polypropylene Random Copolymer[J]. Polym. Bull., 2014, 71: 2 981-2 997.

[26] Dong CX, Song DL, Cairney J, et al. Antibacterial Study of Mg(OH)2 Nanoplatelets[J]. Mater. Res. Bull., 2011, 46: 576-582.

[27] Boschetto DL, Lerin L, Cansian R, et al. Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of Polyethylene Composite Films with Silver Exchanged Zeolite–Y[J]. Chem. Eng. J., 2012, 204: 210-216.

[28] Ma YL, Yang B, Guo T, et al. Antibacterial Mechanism of Cu2+–ZnO/Cetylpyridinium–Montmorillonite in Vitro[J]. Appl. Clay. Sci., 2010, 50: 348-353.