The photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) from water and oxygen using metal-free catalysts represents a promising approach to H₂O₂ production, offering advantages in terms of reduced environmental impact, energy efficiency, and enhanced safety. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with imine linkages have emerged as a promising class of materials for this purpose, given their structural and functional diversity. However, they often suffer from poor durability, inefficient photogenerated charge separation efficiency, and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. To address these limitations, a linkage conversion strategy in COFs can be employed to improve both stability and photoactivity. Herein, we demonstrate the conversion of imine bonds into thiazole rings, thereby facilitating charge transfer and enhancing the photocatalytic stability of COFs. This structural modification enables the thiazole-linked COF to maintain stable photocatalysis over a 24-h period, achieving an H₂O₂ production rate of 57.1 µmol/h (per 10 mg). This rate is twice that of the pristine imine-linked COF and surpasses those of most metal-free photocatalysts. This investigation provides novel insights into the development of advanced COF-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic energy conversions.

The development of effective adsorbents with high amine efficiency and CO₂ adsorption almost unaffected by humidity is extremely challenging. In this study, we introduce an innovative solid amine adsorbent, TETA/DEA@FS, composed of triethylenetetramine (TETA) and diethanolamine (DEA) functionalized fumed silica (FS), which exhibits exceptional capability in selectively capturing trace CO₂ from N₂. TETA/DEA@FS shows an exceptionally high capacity of CO₂ adsorption of 1.13 mmol/g at the temperature of 298 K and the pressure of 0.0004 bar (1 bar=100 kPa), and achieves an unprecedented CO₂/N₂ IAST selectivity of 1.70×10¹². TETA/DEA@FS exhibits high amine efficiency, with breakthrough experiments demonstrating that CO₂ adsorption remains nearly unaffected by humidity. Meanwhile, TETA/DEA@FS demonstrates rapid CO₂ adsorption kinetics and outstanding cyclic stability.

The methane dry reforming (DRM) reaction can convert CO₂ and CH₄, both of which contribute to climate change, into syngas, which holds great significance in mitigating specific environmental issues stemming from the greenhouse effect. Nonetheless, the challenges that persist include the substantial energy consumption and the catalyst’s susceptibility to deactivation, both of which necessitate solutions. Herein, we developed a catalyst, PdCe/S1, featuring small-sized Pd species and CeO₂ stabilized on pure silicon zeolite (silicalite-1), which is employed in the DRM reaction. It can achieve 97% CH₄ conversion and 98% CO₂ conversion at 750 °C, surpassing binary Pd/CeO₂ and Pd/S1 catalysts. The small size of CeO₂ stabilized by silicalite-1 promotes oxygen defects formation and enhances the CO₂ adsorption capacity. The introduction of silicalite-1 further enhances the interaction between Pd and CeO₂, boosting DRM performance.

Superhydrophobic coatings have tremendous potential for cotton fabric applications in antifouling and antibacterial. Despite great scientific and industrial interest in waterproof cellulosic cotton, its application in cotton fibres has been hindered by complicated processes, templates requirement, and limitations in scale-up production. Herein, we prepared a hydrophobic coating using one-step hydrolysis of siloxane. Through the reaction of long-chain organosilanes with acid, micro/nanostructures with low surface energy were constructed on the cotton fabric surface. Notably, the coating not only imparts self-cleaning and anti-bacterial adhesion properties to cotton fabrics, but also maintains a contact angle of over 140° after treatment with acid, alkali, organic solvents and extreme temperatures. In addition, the coating can be applied to a wide range of metals, plastics and paper to provide antifouling properties. This study believes that these excellent overall properties possess enormous potential for various applications involving anti-fouling.

Immune cells are essential components of the human immune system, playing a critical role in maintaining human health and defending against diseases. Changes in nutritional metabolism influence the activation, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation direction, and other behaviors of immune cells, affecting immune function. Amino acids, fundamental nutrients in all living organisms, are crucial for maintaining redox balance, regulating energy, supporting biosynthesis, and preserving homeostasis. The availability of amino acids influences the behaviors and functions of immune cells significantly. Therefore, understanding the intricate relationship between amino acid metabolism and immune cell behavior leads to identifying unique therapeutic targets and improving clinical outcomes. The review summarizes the impact of different types of amino acid metabolism on the behaviors of dendritic cells and T cells, hoping to provide a valuable reference for researchers and clinicians in related fields.

In this study, Pepsin@AuNPs (Pep@AuNPs) and Trypsin@AuNPs (Try@AuNPs) were synthesized by a microfluidic droplet system using Pepsin and Trypsin as protection reagents and NaOH as reducing reagents. Compared to the synthesis method in a flask, the AuNPs synthesized by the microfluidic droplet system demonstrated uniform nucleation, superior ultraviolet absorption performance, high stability and short preparation cycles (15 min). The detection range of Cu(II) by Pep@AuNPs was 1.0–100.0 µmol/L and the detection limit was 0.3 µmol/L. The detection range of L-Cysteine by Try@AuNPs was 0.3–250.0 mmol/L and the detection limit was 0.1 mmol/L. This universal method provides an effective strategy for the detection of bioactive molecules, such as metal ions and amino acids by AuNPs with protein as a protective agent.

Atomically dispersed catalysts, i.e., single-atom catalysts (SACs), have attracted considerable interest because of their 100% atom utilization and unique geometric and electronic structures relative to nanoparticles. Atomic manipulation enables the construction of well-defined active sites on an atom-by-atom basis, which is particularly intriguing for electrocatalysis. Bi-atom catalysts (BACs) represent an important branch, where atomic pairs can markedly enhance the efficiency and selectivity of electrocatalysis. Emerging as a new subclass, ordered multiatom catalysts (OMACs) have received significant attention recently. Unlike randomly distributed single atoms, the OMACs possess ordered atomic arrangements, like atomic arrays and ordered single-atom alloys. Geometrically, this order could enhance intrinsic activity and reaction selectivity by making interatomic distance just right or customizing atomic arrangements for the lower activation energy pathway, and simultaneously improve the density of active sites to some extent. Electronically, this order may induce new electronic states and/or strong orbital hybridization between neighboring atoms, thereby enabling unexpected activity. The ensemble effect and/or synergistic effect would become feasible by rational regulation of atomic arrangements and components of OMACs. We herein reviewed the recent advance from single-atom to biatom and ordered multiatom mainly emphasizing OMACs, discussed their synthesis, characterizations, and electrocatalytic applications, and finally proposed some challenges and prospects for better developing single-atom catalysis.

The photocatalytic CO₂ cycloaddition to prepare high value-added chemicals, such as cyclic carbonates (CCs) under mild conditions is an effective strategy to realize carbon neutrality. Herein, through a three-step reaction, the porphyrin-based covalent organic polymer with bimetallic active sites (Fe-COP-Zr) is successfully obtained by coordinating Fe²⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ with porphyrin and bipyridine (Bpy), respectively. Owing to excellent photosensitivity of porphyrin moieties, Fe-COP-Zr exhibits outstanding visible light absorption, which is very important for the production of photogenerated carriers. Consequently, Fe-COP-Zr shows high photocatalytic performance towards CO₂ cycloaddition with a yield of 12.1 mmol/h, which is 6 times higher than that of pure covalent organic polymer (COP) and 3 times higher than that of monometallic Fe-COP. The reason for this excellent photocatalytic CO₂ cycloaddition performance may be ascribed to the synergistic effect of Fe and Zr sites. The photogenerated electrons are easily injected into epichlorohydrin (ECH) through Fe—O bonds to form affluent electron transition state, and interact with Zr⁴⁺ as Lewis acid sites for the ring-opening of ECH, which is the rate-determining step for the visible light boosted chemical fixation of CO₂ into CCs. This work might provide some insights for design and preparation of COPs with multiple active sites to modulate their photocatalytic activities.

Sodium-ion conducting materials in sodium-ion battery have drawn widespread attention in energy storage technologies due to the advantages of low cost, high performance, and efficient environmental adaptability. Herein, bond valence site energy (BVSE) calculations were used to predict the sodium ion electrical performances by the Na nonstoichiometric modifications, and we have carried out fine experiments to modulate the sodium ion conductivity of Na _xZn₂TeO₆ guided by BVSE calculations. The optimized composition Na_2.1Zn₂TeO₆ shows the superior sodium ionic conductivity of 5.3×10⁻³ S/cm at 190 °C, with a low activation energy of 0.28 eV. The excess Na preferentially occupies the Na1 site with tetrahedral voids, which has a higher capacity for sodium ion migration, as revealed by the combined neutron powder diffraction technique with the 1D and 2D ²³Na solid-state NMR technique, which is responsible for the variations in sodium ion conductivity. In addition, it is worth noting that the resulting Na_2.1Zn₂TeO₆ material maintains superior thermal and phase stability, as well as approximately the same thermal expansion coefficient values even during the temperature rise and fall cycles in the temperature range of 25–800 °C. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the sodium ions exhibit longrange anisotropic migration within the Na⁺ interlayers of Na_2.1Zn₂TeO₆.

Herein, we present a photoinduced, CeCl₃-catalyzed three-component decarboxylative reaction that couples carboxylic acids, alkenes and tert-butyl hydroperoxide for the formation of various organic peroxides. The ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) excitation mode allows the decarboxylative alkylation-peroxidation reaction to occur under mild conditions, and is well applicable to primary, secondary and tertiary carboxylic acids and styrene derivatives.