Multidimensional Role of Amino Acid Metabolism in Immune Regulation: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies

Abstract

Immune cells are essential components of the human immune system, playing a critical role in maintaining human health and defending against diseases. Changes in nutritional metabolism influence the activation, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation direction, and other behaviors of immune cells, affecting immune function. Amino acids, fundamental nutrients in all living organisms, are crucial for maintaining redox balance, regulating energy, supporting biosynthesis, and preserving homeostasis. The availability of amino acids influences the behaviors and functions of immune cells significantly. Therefore, understanding the intricate relationship between amino acid metabolism and immune cell behavior leads to identifying unique therapeutic targets and improving clinical outcomes. The review summarizes the impact of different types of amino acid metabolism on the behaviors of dendritic cells and T cells, hoping to provide a valuable reference for researchers and clinicians in related fields.

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