Electrochemical techniques and fractal theory were employed to study the corrosion behaviors and pits distribution characteristics on the corroded surfaces of 304 stainless steel exposed in FeCl3 solution. Fractal features of pits distribution over the corroded surfaces were observed and described by the fractal dimension. A 5-8-2 back-propagation (BP) artificial neural network model for the diagnoses of the pitting corrosion rate and pits deepness of 304 stainless steel under various conditions was developed by considering the fractal dimension as a key parameter for describing the pitting corrosion characteristics. The predicted results are well in agreement with the experimental data of pitting corrosion rate and pit deepness. The max relative errors between their experimental and simulation data are 6.69% and 4.62%, respectively.

The specimens were implanted with aluminum ions with fluence ranging from 1×10₁₆ to 1×10₁₇ ions/cm₂ to study the effect of aluminum ion implantation on the aqueous corrosion behavior of zircaloy-2 by metal vapor vacuum arc source (MEVVA) at an extraction voltage of 40 kV. The valence states and depth distributions of elements in the surface layer of the samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the microstructure of the aluminum-implanted samples. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) was employed to examine the phase transformation due to the aluminum ion implantation. The potentiodynamic polarization technique was employed to evaluate the aqueous corrosion resistance of implanted zircaloy-2 in a 1 M H₂SO₄ solution. It is found that a significant improvement was achieved in the aqueous corrosion resistance of zircaloy-2 implanted with aluminum ions. Finally, the mechanism of the corrosion behavior of aluminum-implanted zircaloy-2 was discussed.

Microwave-absorbing properties of iron fibers can be adjusted by their aspect ratio. This paper presents several modification techniques for grinding long iron fibers to a suitable aspect ratio. The grinding instruments include pulsator, jet mill and muller. The aspect ratio distribution, microstructure, electromagnetic parameter and reflectivity of the samples were analyzed and discussed in detail. The results show that the fractions of 5<aspect ratio<40 for the three methods are 69.03%, 81.11% and 80.2%, respectively, that is, suitable short iron fibers can be obtained by the jet mill and muller. Furthermore, the short iron fibers milled by jet mill and muller have better absorbing propterties than those obtained by the pulsator under the same condition. Therefore, their microwave absorption properties can be improved by regulating the electromagnetic parameters with grinding.

The optimal process conditions of an injection molded polypropylenes dustpan were investigated to improve the part quality. A fractional factorial experiment was employed to screen the significant factors and main combinations among the numerous process parameters. And, with the consideration of interaction effects, an L₂₇ orthogonal array based on the Taguchi method was conducted to determine the optimal process conditions. The results indicate that the melt temperature has the most remarkable influence on both the volume shrinkage and sink marks criterion weights. But the optimal process conditions and the order of influence are different for the two criterion weights.

Powder of Ti-46at%Al alloy was synthesized through mechanical activation(MA) and then sintered and concurrently consolidated in a short sintering time of 900 s by using a spark plasma sintering(SPS) process. The XRD and SEM profiles show that the microstructures of TiAl alloys contained γ TiAl and small amount α-2 Ti₃Al phase, whose amount can be controlled by the sintering temperature. The compacts retained the original fine-grained fully densified bodies by avoiding an excessively high sintering temperature. The alloys sintered at higher temperature with this process showed a coarser microstructure. So it is possible to produce dense nanostructured TiAl alloys by mechanically activated spark plasma sintering (MASPS) within a very short period of time.

The impact corrosion-abrasion properties and mechanism of high manganese steel were investigated under different impact energies. The result shows that the wearability of the steel decreases with the increase of the impact energy. The dominant failure mechanism at a lower impact energy is the rupture of extrusion edge along root and a slight shallow-layer spalling. It transforms to shallow-layer fatigue flaking along with serious corrosion-abrasion when the impact energy is increased, and finally changes to bulk flaking of hardened layer caused by deep work-hardening and heavy corrosion-abrasion.

The influence of bath constituents and pulse parameters on cobalt content, surface morphologies and grain size of Zn-Co alloy deposits was studied using a pulse plating technique with a squarewave current containing reverse pulse. It is found that Zn-Co alloy coatings obtained from the bath with the cobalt ion concentration over 60 wt% have a higher cobalt content in deposits. The results of pulse plating show that the average current density and reverse anodic current density amongst the variables investigated have very strong effects on the cobalt content in the Zn-Co alloy deposits. It is possible to electrodeposit Zn-Co alloy coatings with 10–90 wt% cobalt by modulating pulse parameters. The grain size, surface appearance and internal stress in the deposit were improved significantly by introducing the reverse current.

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was selected as reference to evaluate the photodestructive effect of a self-prepared nano-TiO₂ on viruses in aqueous suspension through sandwich ELISA assay (an in vitro enzyme immunoassay) under different conditions, and more general experiments on RNA (ribonucleic acid) and casein were carried out. Results indicate that TiO₂ is destructive at least to most viruses in water. The mechanism of destruction was discussed.

The degradation of butanediamine-grafted poly(DL-lactic acid) polymers (BDPLAs) in vitro together with PDLLA and maleic anhydride-grafted poly(DL-lactic acid) polymers (MPLAs) was investigated by observation of the changes of the pH value of incubation media, and weight loss ratio during degradation duration of 12 weeks. The results reveal that the acidity of PDLLA degradation products was weakened or neutralized by grafting butanediamine onto PDLLA. A uniform degradation of BDPLAs was observed in comparison with an acidity-induced auto-accelerating degradation featured by PDLLA and MPLAs. The biodegradation behaviors of BDPLAs can be adjusted by controlling the content of BDA. BDPLAs might be a new derivative of PDLLA-based biodegradable materials for medical applications without acidity-caused irritations and acidity-induced auto-accelerating degradation behavior as that of PDLLA.

Poly (lactic acid/glycolic acid/asparagic acid-co-polyethylene glycol)(PLGA-[ASP-PEG]) scaffold materials were linked with a novel nonviral vector (K)16GRGDSPC through cross linker Sulfo-LC-SPDP to construct a new type of nonviral gene transfer system. Eukaryotic expressing vector containing transforming growth factor beta 1 (pcDNA3-TGFβ1) was encapsulated by the system. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) obtained from rabbit were cultured on PLGA-[ASP-PEG] modified by (K)16GRGDSPC and TGF-β1 gene and PLGA-[ASP-PEG] modified by (K)16GRGDSPC and empty vector pcDNA3 as control. The expressions of osteogenic makers of the BMSCs cultured on the TGF-β1 gene-activated scaffold materials were found significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). A brand-new way was provided for regulating seed cells to directionally differentiate into osteoblasts for bone defect restoration in bone tissue engineering.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of vessel extracellular matrix (VECM) from rabbit and to discuss the feasibility of vessel extracellular matrix as a matrix for urethral reconstruction. Primary cultured bladder smooth muscle cells isolated from New Zealand rabbits were implanted on VECM.The effects of VECM on rabbit bladder smooth muscle cells (RBSMCs) metabolic activity, attachment, proliferation were monitored in vitro with the aid of an inverted light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The cell viability was monitored by MTT(methythiazolye tetrazolium bromide) after 1, 3, 5 days seeding. The in vivo tissue response to VECM was investigated by implanting them into the subcutaneous of rabbits. VECM exhibited a nontoxic and bioactive effect on RBSMCs. RBSMCs could be attached to and proliferated on VECM and maintained their morphologies. MTT assay showed RBSMCs cultured with the extracts of VECM were not significantly different from those of negative controls. In vivo, VECM demonstrated a favorable tissue compatibility without tissue necrosis, fibrosis and other abnormal response. VECM exhibited nontoxic and bioactive effects on RBSMC. It is a suitable material for urethral reconstruction.

A new scaffold material composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) and thermal sensitive hydrogel (HG), and evaluated its biocompatibility were investigated. We cultured bladder smooth muscle cells with this compound material, and then observed with phase contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to assess the cell growth and morphology. The cell adhesion and proliferation were detected with MTT assay and cell count. Results show the ECM/HG compounds appeared as a net-like and red-stained construction with enough meshes and without any cellular fragments. 6 h after implantation, cells were observed adhere on the compounds and extend spurious along the fibers 12 h later. Under SEM even some ECM was observed to be secreted. MTT assay shows there was obvious statistic difference among 3 groups (P<0.05). ECM/HG compound materials show a good biocompatibility, which confirms that it would be an ideal tissue engineering scaffolds.

The change of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles in shape and crystal structure after endocytosis into cancer cells was studied. BEL7402 cells were incubated with HAP nanoparticles for 2 hour, 8 hours, 20 hours, respectively. Then, the cells were collected and viewed under a transmission electronic microscope (TEM). Electronic diffraction (ED) attached to TEM was used to detect the properties of the particles. The results show that HAP particles in the cytoplasm can be degraded in cytoplasm. The degradation process is prolonged by more than 20 hours. Thus, it is concluded that HAP nanoparticles would be degraded after kill cells or delivery gene.

Cu₃N and Al _xCu₃N films were prepared with reactive magnetron sputtering method. The two films were deposited on glass substrates at 0.8 Pa N₂ partial pressure and 100 °C substrate temperature by using a pure Cu and Al target, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show that the un-doped film was composed of Cu₃N crystallites with anti-ReO₃ structure and adopted [111] preferred orientation. XRD shows that the growth of Al-doped copper nitride films (Al _xCu₃N) was affected strongly by doping Al, the intensity of [111] peak decreases with increasing the concentration of Al and the high concentration of Al could prevent the Cu₃N from crystallization. AFM shows that the surface of Al _xCu₃N film is smoother than that of Cu₃N film. Compared with the Cu₃N films, the resistivities of the Al-doped copper nitride films (Al _xCu₃N) have been reduced, and the microhardness has been enhanced.

Based on the study of equilibrium adsorption on viscose rayon-based activated carbon fiber (ACF) by gravimetric method, mounting of TiO₂ on PAN-based activated carbon cloth (ACC) and their photocatalytic activity as well as adsorption performance for benzene were investigated. The crystallinity of TiO₂ and pore structure were characterized by XRD and N₂ adsorption. The results show that crystallinity of TiO₂ and pore structure could be postulated by heat treatment condition. Both crystallinity of TiO₂ and pore structure of hybrid have effects on photocatalytic performance of TiO₂-mounted ACC. It would be more attractive and prospective for the combination of TiO₂ photocatalytic activity and adsorption ability of porous materials.

A general procedure for surface modification of nano-alumina using N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) mediated amidation is reported. Aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids reacted smoothly with nano-alumina pretreated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in the presence of DCC, giving modified aluminas having organic surfaces. The grafted aluminas have been characterized qualitatively by FT-IR or ¹³C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy, and quantitatively by thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. The procedure was applied to polyether dendrons bearing carboxyl groups at the focal points, giving successful grafting of dendrimers onto nano-alumina.

Nitrogen-doped TiO₂ nanocrystalline powders were prepared by hydrolysis of tetrachloride titanium (TiCl₄) in a mixed solution of ethanol and ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) at ambient temperature and atmosphere followed by calcination at 400 °C for 2 h in air. FTIR spectra demonstrate that amine group in original gel is eliminated by calcination, and the TiO₂ powder is liable to absorb water onto its surface and into its capillary pore. XRD and SEM results show that the average size of nanocrystalline TiO₂ particles is no more than 60 nm and with increasing the calcination temperature, the size of particles increases. XPS studies indicate the nitrogen atom enters into the TiO₂ lattice and occupies the position of oxygen atom. The nitrogen doping not only depresses the grain growth of TiO₂ particles, but also reduces the phase transformation temperature of anatase to rutile. The photocatalytic activity of the nitrogen-doped TiO₂ powders has been evaluated by experiments of photocatalytic degradation aqueous methylene blue.

ZrO₂/Ni nanocomposite was produced via pulse electrodeposition using a nickel sulfmate bath. The effects of main factors including pH value, temperature T, current density D _k and ZrO₂ content ρ on the electrodeposit were dealt with by the Taguchi method. Experimental results show that the current density and ZrO₂ content affect the electrodepositing process significantly. Nanocomposite with an average grain size of about 50 nm and ZrO₂ content of up to 0.4 wt% was produced under the optimal condition. The Young’s modulus of the achieved composite is similar to that of polycrystalline Ni. The microhardness is much higher than that of common pure Ni, primarily due to the ultrafine grains of Ni matrix by the Hall-Petch mechanism. The homogeneous dispersion of stiff ZrO₂ particles in the Ni matrix acting as dislocation pinning and microcrack pinning also results in the strengthening effect.

Montmorillonite/cationic azobenzene dye(p-(δ-triethylammoniobutoxy)-p′-methyl-azobenzene bromide) intercalation compounds were prepared by the conventional ion exchange method. As compared with that of pure cationic azo-dye, the thermal stability of the intercalated dye was greatly enhanced, and the absorption band corresponding to azobenzene group in intercalated dye shifted towards longer wave length by 38 nm. This could be ascribed to the strong conjugation of cationic azo-dye supramolecular order structure(J cluster) confined in a nanoscale space of montmorillonite interlayer gallery. UV/vis spectra data show that the intercalated azo dye in the montmorillonite interlayer space exhibited reversible trans-to-cis photoisomerization and daylight cis-to-trans back reaction. FTIR indicates the successful intercalation of cationic azo-dye into the montmorillonite interlayer.

Surface modification of sericite by wet method was conducted with the addition of 1.0 % (w/w) silane. The resulting wetting contact angle and activity ratio of sericite were 130° and 98% respectively. Good pre-evaluation indexes of oil value (40.8%) and dispersivity (14.0 mL) were obtained. When 30 % of sericite was filled into acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS) plastic, the bending strength and tensile strength of the composite material were reduced by 7% and 14.3% in comparison to those of pure ABS plastic, while the rigidity was increased by 3 times, and the impact strength and breaking elongation were reduced significantly. The mechanism of surface modification was investigated and the configuration of silane coupling agent on the surface of sericite was given. Infrared (IR) spectroscopic analysis indicates that the adsorption of silane on the surface of sericite belongs to chemical adsorption.

WC-10Co nanocrystalline composite powders prepared by spray pyrogenation-continuous reduction and carburization technology were consolidated by vacuum sintering plus hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Influences of carbon content on properties and microstructure of ultrafine WC-10Co cemented carbide were investigated. The results show that the relative density of the ultrafine WC-10Co cemented carbides can reach 99.72%, and the transverse rupture strength (TRS) was higher than 3 890 MPa, Rockwell A hardness (HRA) was higher than 92.5, the average grain size was less than 460 nm, when carbon content in nanocrystalline composite powder was 5.54wt% and the ball-milled time was 48 hours, ultrafine WC-10Co cemented carbide with excellent properties and homogeneous microstructure was obtained.

Nafion/Silicon oxide composite membranes were produced via in situ sol-gel reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in Nafion membranes. The physicochemical properties of the membranes were studied by FT-IR,TG-DSC and tensile strength. The results show that the silicon oxide is compatible with the Nafion membrane and the thermo stability of Nafion/Silicon oxide composite membrane is higher than that of Nafion membrane. Furthermore, the tensile strength of Nafion/Silicon oxide composite membrane is similar to that of the Nafion membrane. The proton conductivity of Nafion/Silicon oxide composite membrane is higher than that of Nafion membrane. When the Nafion/Silicon oxide composite membrane was employed as an electrolyte in H₂/O₂ PEMFC, a higher current density value (1 000 mA/cm² at 0.38 V) than that of the Nafion1135 membrane (100 mA/cm² at 0.04 V) was obtained at 110 °C.

The golden and ultraviolet-absorbed CeO₂-TiO₂ film was prepared on soda-lime glass substrate with the thickness of 2 mm via the sol-gel method. The transmission spectra in range of 200 nm-800 nm were measured, and the crystallization, the abrasion and acid resistance were also investigated. The appropriate sol contents and heat-treatment schedule were determined. The results indicate that the appropriate molar ratio of Ce/Ti was 3:5 to 5:6. The ultraviolet-absorbance ability increased with the increase of the Ce/Ti molar ratio, but when the Ce/Ti molar ratio was higher than 1.5, the homogeneity of the film was deteriorated. With the increase of heat-treatment temperature, the main wavelengths of the color of the coated glasses were equal, but the color’s saturation decreased; the transmission peaks were the same, while the intensity of the peaks decreased. The roughness, abrasion and acid resistance of the film were also enhanced at the same time. The appropriate heat-treatment temperature may be 340 °C.

Thermal and thermo-oxidative decomposition and decomposition kinetics of flame retardant high impact polystyrene (HIPS) with triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and novolac type epoxy resin (NE) were characterized using thermo-gravimetric experiment. And the flammability was determined by limited oxygen indices (LOI). The LOI results show that TPP and NE had a good synthetic effect on the flame retardancy of HIPS. Compared with pure HIPS, the LOI values of HIPS/NE and HIPS/TPP only increased by about 5%, and the LOI value of HIPS/TPP/NE reached 42.3%, nearly 23% above that of HIPS. All materials showed one main decomposition step, as radical HIPS scission predominated during anaerobic decomposition. TPP increased the activity energy effectively while NE affected the thermal-oxidative degradation more with the help of the char formation. With both TPP and NE, the materials could have a comparable good result of both thermal and thermal-oxidative degradation, which could contribute to their effect on the flame retardancy.

The friction and wear behaviors of tribological mechanical components were studied on a four-ball tester under dry conditions, and the wear mechanism was analyzed by observed worn surface using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the friction and wear properties were improved by the addition of nano HA particles. The composite containing 1 wt% nano HA had the optimum friction coefficient. It is also found that the addition of nano HA increases the wear resistance of pure PVA-H and PVA-H composites.

1,4-dioxane (DOA) was originally used to pretreat the lithium metal electrode in order to improve its interface stability. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) measurements reveal that with DOA pretreatment, lithium electrode has a low and stable interfacial resistance during the storage in electrolyte for a long time. And it is also found that the pretreated lithium electrode has an improved interfacial performance in repeated charge/discharge cycles. Furthermore, it is proved by SEM that the pretreated one has smooth morphology after long-time storage or repeated charge/discharge cycles. Consequentially, because of more stable interface characteristics of lithium electrode, the rechargeable lithium cell with DOA pretreated lithium anode has an obviously enhanced discharging performance and a better cycleability, compared with that of the cell using the untreated lithium anode.

The compressive mechanical properties of syntactic foams reinforced by hollow plastic beads were studied by the quasi-static compression test. The failure mechanism of syntactic foams was also investigated by macroscopic and microscopic observation on the fractured specimens. The experimental results show that the density of syntactic foams is still the key factor affecting their mechanical properties. The macroscopic and microscopic observation on the fractured specimens indicates that the main failure mode is the elastic-plastic collapse caused by shear.

In order to investigate the mechanism of combustion synthesis of TiC-Ti cermet, a mixture of Ti and C was used for a combustion front quenching test, and the microstructural evolution in the quenched sample was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Also, a temperature-time profile of the combustion reaction was measured. Based on the experimental results, a reaction-dissolution-precipitation mechanism of the combustion synthesis of TiC-Ti was proposed.

Ni_0.4Cu_0.2Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄ thin films were fabricated on Si substrates by using the sol-gel method and rapid thermal annealing (RTA), and their magnetic properties and crystalline structures were investigated. The samples calcined at and above 600 °C have a single-phase spinel structure and the average grain size of the sample calcined at 600°C is about 20 nm. The initial permeability μ _i, saturation magnetization M _s and coercivity H _c of the samples increase with the increasing calcination temperature. The sample calcined at 600°C exhibits an excellent soft magnetic performance, which has μ _i=33.97 (10 MHz), H _c=15.62 Oe and M _s=228.877 emu/cm³. Low-temperature annealing can enhance the magnetic properties of the samples. The work shows that using the sol-gel method in conjunction with RTA is a promising way to fabricate integrated thin-film devices.

Magnetic and electrical transport properties of the La_0.67Ca_0.33Mn_1−xO₃ (x=0-0.16), which were prepared by the sol-gel method followed by sintering treatment at 1 450, 1 100 and 900°C, respectively, were investigated. Experimental results show that, with the increase of x, the resistivity of samples increases and the insulator-metal transition temperature shifts towards lower temperature. Meanwhile, the intrinsic megnetoresistance effect is weakened and the extrinsic magnetoresistance is enhanced. For the samples with x=0.16 and 0.10 sintered at 1 100 °C and 900 °C, respectively, low field magnetoresistance as high as about 50% can be observed. Furthermore, for the samples sintered at 1 100 °C and 900 °C, the grain size is not only controlled by about sintering temperature, but also by the absence of Mn content x.

MnFe₂O₄ polycrystalline powders were prepared by the chemical coprecipitation method. When the reaction temperature is above 80°C, through depositing and washing, the MnFe₂O₄ can be obtained directly without calcining. However, when it is below 80°C, we have to calcine the precursor in order to obtain MnFe₂O₄, which does not result in pure spinal structure but a mixture of MnFe₂O₄ and α-Fe₂O₃. The powders’ magnetic property was characterized with a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. The phase structure, crystal size and lattice constant were presented by an X-ray diffractometer. In addition, the morphology of the powder was observed with a scan electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope.

Dielectric properties of Ag(Nb_1−xTa _x)O₃ and Bi₂O₃ doped Ag(Nb_1−xTa _x)O₃ solid solutions were investigated. The results show that with the increase of Ta content (x), the sintering temperature increased, and the dielectric loss (tanδ) and the temperature coefficient (α_c) decreased. Ag(Nb_1−xTa _x)O₃ (x=0.4) ceramics sintered at 1 100°C had the highest permittivity (516.8) and a lower tan° (0.0021) at 1 MHz, and its temperature coefficient was about 191 ppm/°C. The sintering temperature of Ag(Nb_1−xTa _x)O₃ (x=0.4) was lowered by the addition of Bi₂O₃, and its dielectric properties were improved. Ag(Nb_0.6Ta_0.4)O₃ ceramics with 2.5 wt% Bi₂O₃ addition presented the optimum dielectric properties (ε=566, tanδ= 0.0007 and α_c≈0ppm/°C) (1 MHz).

The effects of two rare earth oxides such as CeO₂ and Sm₂O₃ on the phase structure and dielectric properties of BaTiO₃ ceramic were investigated. Results indicate that the dielectric constant of this system will increase greatly with the increasing content of these two oxides, and Ce⁴⁺ substitutes for Ba²⁺ located at A-site in ABO₃ structure. Quantitative XRD analysis shows that c/a ratio in the sample with addition of CeO₂ will increase, which implies the increase of tetragonality in system, causing the augment of dielectric constant, and the decrease of the crystal’s geometrical symmetry results in curie-temperature moving towards low temperature; Sm³⁺(0.096 nm) substitutes for Ba²⁺(0.135 nm) possessing larger radius in A-site and the electrovalency in A-site increases, the mutual effect is strengthened, so the polarization is enhanced, and the dielectric constant increases notablely.

Lead lanthanum zirconate stannate titanate (PLZST) powders with homogeneous composition were synthesized at a relatively low temperature of 650 °C by a citrate process based on the Pechini method. Clear aqueous solutions were prepared from inorganic salts, and citric acid was added as a chelating agent to attain precursor sols. Dried gel-precursors were calcined at different temperatures for various time. The perovskites powders were obtained at 650 °C for 1 hour. XRD and SEM results show that the powders were single-phase and ultrafine particles.

Textile reinforced concrete(TRC, for short) allows the low size production and offers a high effectiveness of the reinforcement by using continuous roving instead of short-chopped fibers. However, whether textiles can cooperate with concrete very well depends on the bond between them. In this paper, the bonding mechanism that the stress was transferred from fine concrete to textile was analyzed, and the influences of the initial bond length of textile, the surface treatment of textile, the strength and workability of concrete as well as the level of prestressing force on bond behavior were investigated on the basis of pull-out tests. The results reveal that with initial bond length increasing, the maximum pull force increases, and increasing concrete strength and improving workability of concrete matrix, epoxy resin impregnating and sand covering of textile as well as prestressing textile can obviously increase the bond strength between the textile and concrete.

The effect of grain size of CaCO₃ and SiO₂ on the formation of C₃S under various conditions, such as rapid heating rate(800 °C/min), normal heating rate(30 °C/min) and in the presence or absence of ZnO, was studied. The results show that the decomposition temperature of CaCO₃, the temperature of appearance of liquid phase and the f-CaO content descend when the grain size of CaCO₃ and SiO₂ becomes smaller, which attributes to the reactive activity enhancement of powders due to the decrease of the particle size. When the grain size of CaCO₃ and SiO₂ is below 1 μm, the rate of the formation of C₃S is greatly raised. A rapid sintering rate and the presence of ZnO have an important effect on the formation of C₃S and can lower the temperature of the formation of C₃S by about 50 °C.

The apparent activation energy of concrete in early age was determined by adiabatic temperature rise test with different initial temperatures. The influence of mineral admixtures such as fly ash, slag and silica fume on the apparent activation energy of concrete was investigated. The equivalent age that expresses the maturity of concrete was calculated to evaluate the cracking risk of concrete in structures. The results reveal that a substitution of 20% fly ash for Portland cement obviously decreases the apparent activation energy of concrete, however, a substitution of 10% silica fume for Portland cement increases the apparent activation. Finite element method analysis of a simulating concrete wall shows that the concrete containing 20% fly ash has the lowest cracking risk.

Emission pollution and prevention measures of Pb during cement calcination were discussed. The content of Pb and the variation of composition were explored by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and X-ray diffraction. The results show that a number of Pb emits during cement calcination, F and Cl promote the emission of Pb, and Pb is enriched in kiln dust. The smaller the particle of kiln dust, the higher the content of Pb. When utilizing the raw materials with a high content of Pb, a more efficient dust collector should be used and the kiln dust should be used as the addition of cement. Pb in clinker is enriched in the intermediate phase. The reduction of silica modulus is useful to increase the solidification content of Pb in clinker. The solidification content of Pb in calcium sulphoaluminate mineral is higher than that in calcium aluminate mineral.

According to the phenomenon that the physical properties have a great effect on the electric capability of carbon fiber reinforced concrete, the author researched the relationship between DC resistance of carbon fiber reinforced concrete and curing age using the two-probe method. Then the effect of insulative area, location and quantity on DC resistance of carbon fiber reinforced concrete was investigated at different curing age with analysis of hydration. The results suggest that DC resistance increases greatly with its curing age, which illustrates the relationship like Gaussian curve. In every curing ages the electric capability of carbon fiber reinforced concrete weakenes with the increase of insulative area. In same curing ages, section and insulative area, the more the quantity of insulation, the stronger the conductibility. The insulative location in optimal position can only result in optimal conductibility.

Calcine and mill kaolin were used under agreeable technological conditions to generate matakaolin (MK). The autogenous shrinkage performance of high performance concrete added with MK was researched. It is shown that MK has an effective inhibitory action to early autogenous shrinkage of cement concrete, and the inhibitory action increases with the increase of MK. The autogenous shrinkage values from 24 hours after placement to 56 days are all higher than those of the contrasted concrete, among which, the value of the concrete with 5% MK is the highest. But the total shrinkage values in 56 days are all less than those of the contrasted test pieces. The total contraction after 24 h of placement decreases as the increase of MK, moreover, it is greatly less than that of the contrasted ones.

The properties of low-heat Portland cement concrete(LHC) were studied in detail. The experimental results show that the LHC concrete has characteristics of a higher physical mechanical behavior, deformation and durability. Compared with moderate-heat Portland cement(MHC), the average hydration heat of LHC concrete is reduced by about 17.5%. Under same mixing proportion, the adiabatic temperature rise of LHC concrete was reduced by 2 °C–3°C,and the limits tension of LHC concrete was increased by 10×10⁻⁶–15×10⁻⁶ than that of MHC. Moreover, it is indicated that LHC concrete has a better anti-crack behavior than MHC concrete.

In order to obtain the fatigue life of layered hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (LHFRC) at different stress levels, flexural fatigue tests were carried out on specimens. The relation between fatigue lives and stress levels was simulated using the two-parameter Weibull distribution. Furthermore, both single-logarithmic and double-logarithmic regressive equations of various reliabilities were derived. It is evident that LHFRC gets the advantage of longer fatigue life over common concrete.

The functional relation between the residual tensile strength of plain concrete and number of cycles was determined. 99 tappered prism specimens of plain concrete were tested under uniaxial tensile fatigue loading. Based on the probability distribution of the residual tensile strength, the empirical expressions of the residual tensile strength corresponding to the number of cycles were obtained. The residual tensile strength attenuating curves can be used to predict the residual fatigue life of the specimen under variable-amplitude fatigue loading. There is a good correlation between residual tensile strength and residual secant elastic modulus. The relationship between the residual secant elastic modulus and number of cycles was also established.

UV Spectrophotometric Target Factor Analysis (TFA) was used for the simultaneous determination of four components (acetaminophen, guuaifenesin, caffeine, Chlorphenamine maleate) in cough syrup. The computer program of TFA is based on VC++ language. The difficulty of overlapping of absorption spectra of four compounds was overcome by this procedure. The experimental results show that the average recovery of each component is all in the range from 98.9% to 106.8% and each component obtains satisfactory results without any pre-separation.

Effects of factors such as water to cement ratio, fly ash and silica fume on the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack were investigated by dry-wet cycles and immersion method. The index of the resistance to sulfate attack was used to evaluate the deterioration degree of concrete damaged by sulfate. The relationship between the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack and its permeability/porosity were analyzed as well as its responding mechanism. Results show that the depth of sulfate crystal attack from surface to inner of concrete can be reduced by decreasing w/c and addition of combining fly ash with silica fume. The variation of relative elastic modulus ratio and relative flexural strength ratio of various specimens before and after being subjected to sulfate attack was compared.