Low temperature synthesis of (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃ powders by citrate process

Abstract

Lead lanthanum zirconate stannate titanate (PLZST) powders with homogeneous composition were synthesized at a relatively low temperature of 650 °C by a citrate process based on the Pechini method. Clear aqueous solutions were prepared from inorganic salts, and citric acid was added as a chelating agent to attain precursor sols. Dried gel-precursors were calcined at different temperatures for various time. The perovskites powders were obtained at 650 °C for 1 hour. XRD and SEM results show that the powders were single-phase and ultrafine particles.

Keywords

perovskite / citrate process / Pechini method

References

[1] Berlincourt D., Kruefer H. H. A., Jaffe B. Stability of Phase in Modified Lead Zirconate with Variation in Pressure, Electric Field, Temperature and Composition[J]. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1964, 25: 659-674.

[2] Berlincourt D., Jaffe H., Krueger H. H. A., . Release of Electric Energy in PbNb(Zr,Ti,Sn)O₃ by Temperature and by Pressure-Enforced Phase Transitions[J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1963, 3: 90-98.

[3] Cross L. E. Antiferroelectric-Ferroelectric Switching in Simple ‘Kittle’ Antiferroelectrics[J]. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 1967, 23: 77-82.

[4] Pan W.Y., Dam C.Q., Zhang Q.M., . Large Displacement Transducers Based on Electric Field Forced Phase Transitions in the Tetragonal (Pb_0.97La_0.02) (Ti,Zr,Sn)O₃ Family of Ceramics[J]. J. Appl. Phys., 1989, 66: 6 014-6 023.

[5] Pan W.Y., Zhang Q.M., Bhalla A., . Field-Forced Antiferroelectric-to-Ferroelectric Switching in Modified Lead Zirconate Titanate Stannate Ceramics[J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1989, 72(4): 571-578.

[6] Uchino K., Nomura S. Shape Memory Effect Associated with the Forced Phase Transition in Antiferroelectrics[J]. Ferroelectrics, 1983, 50: 517-521.

[7] Kong L.B., Ma J., Zhang T.S., . Preparation of Antiferroelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate Stannate Ceramics by High-Energy Ball Milling Process[J]. J. Mater. Sci-Mater. El., 2002, 13(2): 89-94.

[8] Chen M., Yao X., Zhang L.Y. Preparation of (Pb, La)(Zr, Sn, Ti)O₃ Antiferroelectric Cramics using Colloidal Processing and the Field Induced Strain Properties[J]. J. Euro. Ceram. Soc., 2001, 21: 1 159-1 164.

[9] Xue L.H., Li Q., Zhang Y.L., . Study on Chemical Fabrication of Lead Zirconate Stannate Titanate (PLZST) Doped with Rare Earth Element Lanthanum[J]. Rare Metal Mat. Eng., 2004, 33(2): 157-160.

[10] Sengupta S.S., Roberts D., Li J.F., . Field-Induced Phase Switching and Electrically Driven Strains in Sol-Gel Derived Antiferroelectric (Pb,Nb)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃ Thin Layers[J]. J. Appl. Phys., 1995, 78: 1 171-1 177.