The article is devoted to study of the methodology of the research activities of economic entities in classical and non-classical economics. This methodology is the basis for the development of the modern theory and methodology of research activity of the stock market subjects.

The article is devoted to terms, their particular qualities and functions in modern Russian language. The scientific analysis and description of terms existing in mechanical engineering can help to identify the term system hierarchy and language structures that provide relationship of the terms within it. Materials of the article will be used in “Mechanical engineering dictionary” that is devoted to analysis of terms and term system used in mechanical engineering.

The article discusses the spread of the activity approach, which is widely used in modern philosophy and science, the study of organization and management. In the abstract there are correlated phenomena of organization and management (and as a concepts, and as activities); revealed their relative independence and the dialectical unity. In addition, there are provided critical approaches to the study of correlation phenomena of organization and management, as well as a methodological analysis of the organizational and managerial activities main terms.

The content of this article is connected with the consideration of the basic problems of modern linguistics and its part applied linguistics in the field of terminology. There are analyzed some problems of allocation of functional varieties of the national language, called “language for special purposes”; examined the scope of its application. From the cognitive linguistics point of view there are explored issues of socio pragmatic use of industry terminology. The role of the professional language personality in the industry terminology is examined.

The article is devoted to the cognitive aspect of the term study on the example of analysis of the term «bridge». This approach allows to reveal and analyze the underlying structure of the object, make a study of the lexical unit more detailed and comprehensive.

Article considers a special category of citizens – political absenteeists characterized by indifference to politics, deviating from participation in it. The authors revealed the available absenteeists science calculation methods, identified the types of absenteeists and analyzed the motives for Russians non-participation in policy.

The article is devoted to the topical issues of modern typology of dictionaries of the Russian language. Special attention is paid to problems of development of specialized dictionaries, and in particular, the terminology. For example, the comparative analysis “The dictionary of mechanical engineering terminology”, created by the specialists of the University of mechanical engineering (MAMI) and other special dictionaries, examines the main issues regarding the basic principles of идеографического definitions of terms.

The article considers the economic policy pursued by the last Soviet leader M.S. Gorbachev. The authors carry out a periodization of economic reforms 1985-1991, emphasizing three stages of reforms. The ineffectiveness of the attempts to give planned economy a new impetus (“acceleration”) forced M. S. Gorbachev to use the idea of Kosygin reform, providing the economic independence for enterprises and then skip to the plan of imposing the regulated market. Such contradictions and inconsistencies of conducted economic course became one of the reasons for the collapse of the USSR.

The article considers the main sources of formation of the terminology of the automotive industry, the processes of its development and reorganization; and considers some of the features of formation of the terms in automotive industry.

The article considers the ways and means of overcoming social evil on the example of philosophical ideas that formed the basis of the ideological dispute of philosophers: L. N. Tolstoy and I. A. Ilyin.

The article considers the activities of such public organizations of pre-revolutionary Russia, as automotive societies at a special time of First World War. Analysis of their participation in the defense of the country is provided.

Paper is devoted to the work on drawing up a new dictionary of terms of mechanical engineering. Neologisms with the "nano-" prefix are presented as examples.

The paper attempts to provide a theoretical basis for formulating and solving the problem of the formation and development of environmental sense of students and graduate students of a university as an innovation activity. On the basis of the classification approach the authors consider various theoretical positions in the analysis of the influence problem of social interactions between the personality of a student and its environment.

The paper considers the issue of gender technologies as the means carrying a sense, creating a picture of reality and forming ideas about gender stereotypes, norms, patterns of behavior in figurative and symbolic form. In the article a symbol is considered as a key tool of perception of reality.

The basic concepts of history of local entities or civilizations of the XX century are considered in the article. The author analyzes them in terms of the question of the meaning of history and the possibilities of historical knowledge as well as methodological potential for specific historical research.

The article is devoted to the variety of political management methodology in modern political science teaching. Theoretical and empirical methods are considered. Political management is investigated as an applied trend closely interconnected with theoretical political science which is taught at higher schools.

In the paper the comic, as a form of manifestation of the miraculous, is studied in short-story fairy tales, fairy tale anecdotes and fables. Represented in the comic framework confrontation undergoes a transformation from the existential to the social, representing the movement from the conflict between the social and the natural, the human and the supernatural to the social conflict itself, which is based on the idea of social justice. The most important semiotic means of actualization of the comic aspect of the supernatural in the English-language fairy tale discourse are signs of manipulative, auditive and esoteric codes.

Features of the study of philosophy and sociology by students of technical specialties condition on the significant differences between these disciplines and technical ones. The study of philosophy and sociology in a technical university connected with a selection of special forms and methods of the study relatively to the study of technical disciplines.

The paper presents the study of the cognitive revolution, cognitivism, the formation and development of the cognitive sciences, the problem of representation of knowledge in these sciences. It is proved that they act as a determinant of the new epistemological paradigm and methodology of the study of knowledge in modern science.

The author studies the process of creation and functioning of the first stages of national education in post-revolutionary Russia. There is attention of the authorities to this issue. It is concluded that the increase in the number of educational institutions for minorities in 1920-1930 was a part of the national policy of the Bolsheviks.

In this paper the authors show that the individual physical training is not only individual physical work, but also the formation and development of the exercise system allowing to obtain mental, emotional and physical abilities, guided by the genetic nature of the individual and the future profession.

In this paper the author demonstrates the necessity and method of upgrading a non-special physical education through the application of modern information technologies to the educational process while using multimedia. There is proposed a set of teaching materials based on multimedia technologies, provided a summary of the benefits of its use in the pedagogical process.

The author considers the history of the creation and activities of working faculties at universities of Soviet Russia in the first decade after the revolution. There is the special importance of working faculties just for minorities, many of whom were at very low stage of cultural development.

The paper considers the impact of modern information technology on the development of post-industrial society.

The article presents the study of the current understanding of the functional features of the phenomenon of implicit knowledge, considered as an integral element of subjectivity implicit rights, as well as the problem of translation of personal knowledge to create expert systems.

The article presents the rules of argument and criticism, their role and importance to the development of skills of application of logic and argumentative methodology in the study of academic disciplines, during a dialogue and practice

The paper proposes a new approach to the formation of a system of continuous education in Russia. In addition to the traditional components of the system - educational institutions and businesses – the author substantiates the necessity of active participation of authorities, scientific and public organizations in formation of a system of continuous education; there are formulated the basic functions of the components of the system.

This paper describes the process of forming of a set of indicators of the quality of university teachers on the basis of a systematic approach based on the analysis of common indicators of personnel quality and specific indicators that reflect the characteristics of the teaching staff.

This article offers an analysis of organization of training of personnel for the defense-industrial complex in the Russian Federation, of possibilities of Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering (MAMI) in implementation of the state order for training of specialists, the authors developed recommendations to improve the competitiveness of the university on the basis of its systemic involvement in the implementation of the state order for training.

Introduction of market relations in the economy of Russia in the early 1990s has significantly changed the economic conditions of the industry. Disappearance of the state planning system of orders, the gap between supply and marketing relationships, appearance of free competition with imported goods led to a sharp decline in the production sector of the industry, followed by a complete collapse of the system and innovation. Only after 1995, when the first industrial enterprises in the private sector of the economy began to appear, there were also social orders to create new, competitive products, and to issue monopoly rights to industrial property patents for inventions and licenses.

The paper focuses on pedagogical competence of university teachers, in particular, the pedagogical competence of teachers of foreign languages. The article gives the pedagogical analysis of value and meaning, academic, didactic and communicative aspects of the teaching activity.

This article analyzes the interactive methods of linguistic competence in teaching the Russian language of non-Russian students are scholars.

This article considers some methods and instructional techniques for development of creative abilities of foreign students during their adaptation to the initial training for 1 year at Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering (MAMI) on the classes of Russian language. The author describes an algorithm for creating educational presentations by foreign students under guidance of a teacher and their use in the educational process for formation of different competencies and development of creative abilities of students.

The article considers the problems of commercialization of university research, and establishment and operation of small innovative enterprises at universities and research organizations. The authors conducted a statistical analysis of existing businesses and made ​​assumptions about the necessary measures to develop the areas of non-budget funding research in higher education.

The article indicates the relevance of use of multi-stage assessment systems in higher education. Recommendations are given for the construction of hybrid systems of evaluation and the real experience of the course of “Information Technology” for technical university students. In conclusion, the authors examine the issues in implementation in the learning process of adaptive learning technology with active use of test evaluation of educational achievements.

The article describes the results of questioning the graduates of automotive and engineering specialities for specifying of using the certain types of reading. The analysis of the obtained data shows that specialists use the searching type of reading. At finding the necessary information the readers transfer to studying reading. The obtained data allow the author to come to the conclusion that recently the interest of non-linguistic higher school graduates to the searching one as the most frequent in the process of their professional activity. This fact should be taken into account by teachers and by authors of textbooks at training bachelors in non-linguistic higher schools.

This paper describes the main issues of qualified specialists training in higher education.

The article deals with the questions of improving of the training of graduates of technical universities for more efficient learning of advanced world experience in their professional field for successful innovative activity.

The conducted researches allowed to determine quantitative indicators of conditions for keeping of a pose of wrestlers at different values of the disturbing factors, their focus and duration.

The "History and Political Science" department of the University of Mechanical Engineering has a long experience in teaching the "History" course in view of the profile of the university. One of the most successful and original methodological development is the illustration of topics of humane subjects by specific material of relevant to special sciences, which provides an organic relationship of liberal and technical education.

The article describes the common and distinctive features of methodological support in the field of higher education in civilian and military schools. The authors generated the recommendations for exchange of experience in the formation of methodological support of the higher civilian and military schools.

The article belongs to the area of informatization of education. It presents the materials on development of computer, virtual laboratory works on technical disciplines. The presented computer laboratory works are planned to use, both at remote, and at usual form of education.

Describes the theoretical aspects and a statistical technique that describes the general attitude of students to different areas of the University.