One-dimensional titanium dioxide (TiO₂) whiskers with controllable aspect ratios were synthesized by molten salt method adopting anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles as precursor, sodium chloride (NaCl) and dibasic sodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄) as medium. The particle size of TiO₂ nanoparticles and ratio of precursor and medium that can help to generate high aspect ratio TiO₂ whiskers were studied and selected. Light-colored antimony-doped tin oxide @ titanium dioxide (ATO@TiO₂) conductive whiskers were prepared by coating ATO on TiO₂ whiskers through coprecipitation then. Finally, the ATO@TiO₂ light-colored conductive whiskers were dispersed in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to fabricate light-colored conductive fibers. The experimental results show that the ATO@TiO₂ whiskers exhibits ideal whiteness and conductivity with 65.5 Wb and 106 Ω·cm, respectively, and the resistivity of conductive fibers was 6.07×10⁶ Ω·cm with 15wt% whisker content.

We demonstrated a one-step hydrothermal polyol reduction technique to produce platinum (Pt) and N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CDs) co-loaded with reduced-graphene oxide (Pt@N-CDs/RGO). The electrochemical performance of commercial Pt/C, and Pt@N-CDs/RGO in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte was compared under the Pt amount (20wt%). Pt@N-CDs/RGO exhibits ultra-high electroactivity and durability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) can be achieved to 124.8 m²/g, which is 1.65 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. Pt@N-CDs/RGO shows an onset potential (E_onest) of 1.071 V, a half-wave potential (E_1/2) of 0.83 V, and a high transfer electron number of 3.97 at 0.4 V. Additionally, Pt@N-CDs/RGO exhibits significant long-term stability with 12 mV offset (1.4%) at E_1/2 after 1000 cycles. These performance improvements are owed to the edge defects of N-CDs, which enhance the utilization of Pt. The existence of edge defects in N-CDs provides a novel method for promoting the sustainable development of PEMFCs.

Compared with sintered silicon carbides (SiC), highly-orientated 3C-SiC by CVD methods boast out-of-plane orientation uniformity, which ensures that such materials produce lower surface damage. Through the electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding technique, the differences in grinding behaviors between <110> and <111>-orientated 3C-SiC were investigated. Both highly-orientated 3C-SiC exhibited a grinding surface where brittle and ductile removal coexisted. Specifically, brittle removal regions were observed at grain boundaries, while ductile removal regions were observed within the grains. Further indentation experiments between the two 3C-SiC show that <111>-oriented 3C-SiC displays a larger critical cut depth of 28.99 nm, with 1.5 times higher than that of <110>-oriented 3C-SiC. The larger critical depth of cut contributes to more ductile removal regions with only a few brittle pits in the <111>-oriented 3C-SiC grinding surface. In addition, the subsurface deformation of <110>-oriented 3C-SiC was characterized by the presence of amorphous zones, dislocations and stacking faults. In contrast to the <111>-oriented, the <110>-oriented 3C-SiC tends to exhibit a brittle removal mode dominated by pits and cracks at the twin boundaries, as its pre-existing twins hinder the dislocation glide, resulting in stress concentration and thus forming cracks.

This study systemmatically investigated the effects of solid content and dispersant content on the physicochemical properties of ZnO-SnO₂ composite ink. The experimental results show that even with the use of low-molecular-weight PEG400 dispersant, gas-sensitive ink with high solid content and good suspension stability can be obtained, which is advantageous for low-temperature film formation and can effectively prevent property changes and film crack of high-temperature-sintering-induced material. Under this condition, the ink at a 15wt% solid content and 2wt%–10wt% PEG400 has good film-forming ability and high adhesion strength on the micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) micro-hotplates. Especially, the MEMS sensor printed using the ink of 6wt% PEG400 shows highest sensitivity, favorable impact resistance, thermal shock resistance, and up to 8 years of service life.

Biomineralization of natural composites are usually highly finely adjusted to achieve extremely precise control over the shape, size and distribution of inorganic crystals, giving them unique structures and properties of biomaterials. These underlying mechanisms and pathways provide inspiration for the design and construction of materials for repairing hard tissues. Due to good biocompatibility of hydrogels, materials using gel-like systems as media are inextricably linked to biological macrocomponents and mineralization. Inspired by those bioprocesses, polyacrylamide hydrogel with enzymes was 3D printed to form controlled shapes and structures, then was used as templates for mineralization. Effect of polyacrylamide hydrogel pore size on the mineralization was studied via incorporating NaF and CaCl₂ and controlling the mineralization degree. The mineralization processes of 3D printed hydrogels with different pore sizes were also explored to find out the confinement influence of pores. Mineralization in hydrogels with smaller pores is developed in a columnar stacked pattern, which is similar to the vesicular mineralization stage of bone mineralization.

We aimed to enhance the flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP) by synthesizing a novel, halogen-free flame retardant through a one-pot method. The synthesis utilized 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), furfurylamine (FA), and benzene propionaldehyde (BPA) as raw materials. We conducted differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis to investigate the effects of FPD on the curing process and thermal properties of EP. Our findings reveal that incorporating FPD into EP can facilitate a faster curing process and increase the carbon residue post-combustion. Specifically, the FPD/EP-7 composite demonstrates a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 34.9% and achieves a UL-94V-0 rating with a phosphorus content of 0.91wt%. These results indicate that FPD significantly enhances the thermal stability and charring rate of EP, thereby improving its flame retardancy. Although the addition of FPD slightly reduces the mechanical properties of EP, the composite material maintains excellent performance.

The effects of calcination temperature and mechanical ball milling on the physicochemical properties of electrolytic manganese residue (EMR), mineral phase transition, pozzolanic activity, and pore structure were studied. The experimental results show that the strength activity index (SAI) of 20% EMR mixed mortar at 28 days is 90.54%, 95.40%, and 90.73%, respectively, after pretreatment with EMR at 800 °C calcined for 3, 5, and 8 min. This is mainly attributed to the high temperature decomposition of gypsum dihydrate to form activated calcium oxide. In addition, high temperature and mechanical force destroys the Si-O chemical bond and promotes the formation of calcium silicate gel structure. Due to the existence of a large number of gypsum phases in EMR mixed mortar, a large number of ettringite, C-S-H, aluminosilicate, C-A-S-H, and AFm are formed, which strongly verifies the volcanic activity of EMR. The leaching test shows that high temperature calcination has a significant effect on the stabilization of NH₃-N. However, the curing effect of Mn²⁺ is significant only in the calcination at 1 000 °C, but both Mn²⁺ and NH₃-N in the calcined EMR are higher than the emission standard. The encapsulation effect of EMR composite mortar provided by hydration products, and the buffering capacity of the Si-Al system for solidification of heavy metals and strong alkalis are conducive to the stability of Mn²⁺ and NH₃-N. After the EMR mixed mortar is aged for 3 days, Mn and NH₃-N are completely lower than the emission standard. In general, the EMR mixed mortar can meet the requirements for green building use.

Ordered porous silica nanospheres with pores vertical to the walls were prepared by using 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzen (TMB) and hexadecitrile trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) as templates. After removing the templates, porous structures were obtained. The porous silica nanosperes were further modified with amino and amino acid functionalization to obtain L-Glutamic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica nanospheres, which were used as chiral selective agents for amino acid enantioseparation such as PheCOOH, PhgCOOH, and TrpCOOH enantiomers. The experimental results show that the functionalized nanospheres have good adsorption selectivity for D-PheCOOH and L-PhgCOOH, especially showing high adsorption selectivity for the L-TrpCOOH enantiomers compared with L-PheCOOH and D-PhgCOOH and D-TrpCOOH enantiomers.

Transparent glass-ceramics containing MgSiO₃ and/or Mg₂SiO₄ nanocrystals were prepared. Effects of MgO/SiO₂ ratio on crystallization properties of MgSiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ nanocrystals were investigated. When the MgO/SiO₂ ratio is relatively low, crystallization of MgSiO₃ is favored, whereas a higher MgO/SiO₂ ratio tends to promote the crystallization of Mg₂SiO₄. Glass-ceramics are transparent in the visible range due to the small size of the precipitated nanocrystals. Replacing SiO₂ with MgO results in an increase in Vickers hardness, and the Vickers hardness can be further enhanced through the precipitation of MgSiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ nanocrystals. The findings presented herein are meaningful for the preparation of highly transparent glass-ceramics containing MgSiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ nanocrystals.

In this study, the holey graphene was prepared by microwave-assisted chemical etching. The three-dimensional (3D) holey graphene hydrogel was obtained through hydrothermal self-assembly method, followed by the introduction of FeCo₂S₄ particles. The resulting holey graphene hydrogel, characterized by high specific surface area and abundant pores combined with FeCo₂S₄ with high pseudocapacitance by interfacial interaction, shortened the mass transport path and enhanced the specific capacitance. The findings reveal that the holey graphene hydrogel/FeCo₂S₄ (FeCo₂S₄/HGH) composite exhibits high specific capacitance and impressive rate capability (413.4 F·g⁻¹ at 1 A·g⁻¹, 300.4 F·g⁻¹ at 6 A·g⁻¹). The symmetric supercapacitor operated within a stable potential window of 0.1–1.6 V, achieving specific capacitance of 127.5 F·g⁻¹ at 1 A·g⁻¹, and can deliver 37.1 Wh·kg⁻¹ at a power density of 1 499 W·kg⁻¹. Besides, under the current density of 3 A·g⁻¹, the supercapacitor retained 90.8% of its capacitance after 5 000 cycles, demonstrating exceptional cycle stability. This study presents an efficient method for fabricating advanced integrated supercapacitors electrodes with enhanced energy density.

We investigated the influence of PEG on the surface morphology, photocatalytic performance, photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE), and performance in complex environments of TiO₂-PEG composite films. The PEG content was varied to further optimize the comprehensive performance of the composite films. Using titanium isopropoxide as the main raw material, TiO₂-PEG sol was prepared via sol-gel method and coated on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) glass by spin coating. The surface morphology and crystalline phase of the TiO₂-PEG film were analyzed, and the effects of the TiO₂-PEG film on the photocatalytic performance, PCE, contact angle, and performance in complex environments of PV glass were studied. The experimental results show that under the specified experimental conditions, when 4 g PEG10000 is added, the comprehensive performance of the coated PV glass reaches its optimum, with an average transmittance of 91.73% at 550 nm. Using methylene blue (MB) dye degradation experiments, the degradation rate after 2 hours of xenon lamp irradiation reaches 98.15%. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the composite film reaches 16.33%, and the contact angle is 3.28°, indicating a superhydrophilic state. It is demonstrated that the appropriate amount of PEG can enhance the transmittance, self-cleaning performance, and photovoltaic conversion efficiency of coated PV glass.

Low cobalt (Co) WC hard materials were prepared using vacuum sintering. The influences of Co content on the sintering densification behavior, grain growth characteristics, microstructure and mechanical properties of WC hard material were studied. The experimental results show that the addition of a small amount of Co significantly promotes the densification and reduces the sintering temperature. Meantime, the abnormal growth of WC grains was observed. When the sintering temperature is 1 300 °C and the content of Co is less than 1.0wt%, densed WC/Co hard material with fine grains is obtained. When the content of Co is 1wt%, the relative density, Vickers hardness, and flexural strength of WC material are 98.76±0.17%, 24.23±0.41 GPa, and 1 376±67 MPa, respectively. When the Co content is 0.25wt% and 0.5wt%, the optimal sintering temperature of the sample is 1 350 °C. Among them, the relative density, hardness, and flexural strength of WC-0.5wt% Co are 98.79±0.15%, 23.44±0.38 GPa, and 1 233±85 MPa, respectively.

A series of CoS_2−xSe_x (x=0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 2) composite catalysts were synthesized on carbon fiber paper via the hydrothermal method with Se doping. By precisely controlling the reaction temperature and Se doping level, a hollow spherical catalyst structure composed of CoSSe was successfully synthesized, which exhibited exceptional activity for hydrogen evolution in acidic solutions. The influences of Se doping on the microstructure and catalytic mechanism of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of these composites were systematically investigated. The experimental results reveal that the hollow spherical sample displays an overpotential value of 143 mV along with a Tafel slope value of 69.8 mV·dec⁻¹ at a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻² in an acid aqueous solution. Furthermore, it demonstrates remarkable cycling stability after undergoing 3000 cycles. The comprehensive analysis indicates that Se doping optimizes the electronic structure and enhances conductivity, meanwhile the unique hollow spherical architecture increases active sites for HER and significantly improves overall electrocatalytic performance.

LiGe₂(PO₄)₃: Cr³⁺ near-infrared phosphor samples were prepared using high-temperature solid-state method and the corresponding PC-LED devices were prepared. Detailed research was conducted on the photoluminescence characteristics of the samples and the performance of PC-LEDs. Under the excitation of 442 nm blue light, the phosphor obtained by calcination at 1 000 °C for 4 h exhibited an emission peak at 778 nm in the broadband near-infrared spectrum. The excitation peak of LiGe₂(PO₄)₃: Cr³⁺ underwent the energy level transitions, ⁴A₂(⁴F) → ⁴T₁(⁴P) and ⁴A₂(⁴F) → ⁴T₁(⁴F), while the emission peak underwent the energy level transition, ⁴T₂(⁴F) → ⁴A₂(⁴F). By coating the phosphor on the surface of the InGaN blue-light chip, The near-infrared PC-LED was prepared, and a near-infrared LED light source with broadband emission was obtained. At a driving current of 60 mA, the near-infrared light radiation power was 7 mW. The experimental results indicate that LiGe₂(PO₄)₃: Cr³⁺ near-infrared phosphor can be used to prepare broadband near-infrared LED light sources based on blue-light chips, which has intriguing applications in near-infrared spectroscopy.

Four typical admixtures, polycarboxylate superplasticiser (PCE), tartaric acid (TA), sorbitol and polyacrylamide (PAM), were selected to systematically investigate their regulatory mechanisms on the formation of ettringite through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis and nucleation kinetic model. The experimental results indicate that the admixtures alter the formation of ettringite through physical adsorption, complexation and solution viscosity modulation without changing its chemical structure. Low concentrations of PCE inhibit size growth by forming an adsorption layer on the surface of ettringite, whereas high concentrations of PCE alter the size change of ettringite by modulating the distribution of ionic concentrations. TA significantly reduces the size of ettringite by complexing Ca²⁺. Sorbitol and PAM promote the local growth of ettringite at low concentrations, leading to larger sizes. But at high concentrations, the size growth of ettringite is inhibited due to the increase in viscosity or the enhancement of complexation. Matlab nucleation kinetic modelling further shows that the addition of admixtures enhances the initial nucleation during ettringite synthesis, with values ranging from 14.45% to 114.25%. However, the subsequent nucleation rate of ettringite is significantly affected, decreasing by 12.79% to 71.74%. The results provide a theoretical basis for the design of ettringite materials and the optimisation of the application of admixtures.

The cement-fly ash composite expansive stable grout was prepared to deal with the problems of poor stability and volume shrinkage of ordinary cement grout, and the effects of fly ash ratio and water-binder ratio on the properties of the grout and its consolidation were analyzed. In addition, the mineral composition and microstructural characteristics of grout consolidation with different mixing ratios were investigated. The experimental results indicate that fly ash and the increase of water-binder ratio reduce the strength of the grout consolidation, and increase the fluidity, bleeding rate, and setting time of the composite grout. However, the magnitude of the fly ash-induced strength reduction decreases with time. And the effect of fly ash on the setting time and compressive strength becomes more significant with the water-binder ratio. The later expansion performance of grout consolidation (after 7–42 d) is improved by fly ash. But the expansibility of consolidation with fly ash decreases at the early curing stage, and the reduction amplitude of expansion rate is smaller and the reduction age is shorter with the water-binder ratio increase. Fly ash improves the corrosion resistance performance of grout consolidation, and the corrosion resistance coefficient rises first and then falls with the fly ash ratio. And for 0.6:1 water-binder ratio, the corrosion resistance coefficient of the samples mixed with fly ash are greater than 100%. XRD and SEM show that fly ash inhibited the formation of ettringite in the early stage, which is unfavorable to the expansion of the slurry, and with the increase of age, this effect gradually weakened.

The process mineralogy of kaolin associated quartz flotation concentrate was studied. The experimental results show that the content of SiO₂ in the flotation concentrate is 99.66%, and the main impurity elements in the concentrate are Al, Fe, K, and Na. The gangue minerals in the flotation concentrate are mainly mica and feldspar symbiosis with quartz in the form of connexion or mineral inclusion. By taking the flotation concentrate as the raw material, the experimental research on HF concentration, HCl concentration, HNO₃ concentration, acid leaching temperature, acid leaching time, and the leaching liquid solid ratio of hot pressing acid leaching conditions was carried out. Finally, the factors affecting the quality of purified products were analyzed. Through the acid leaching experiment, it can be seen that hydrofluoric acid has a greater effect on Al and Fe elements, hydrochloric acid has a greater effect on Fe elements, and nitric acid concentration has a smaller effect on impurity elements (which can also be confirmed from the thermodynamic analysis); the acid leaching temperature, the acid leaching time, and the leaching liquid solid mass ratio are proportional to the acid leaching effect. The Al content decreases from 1 304.73 to 214.10 µg/g, and the aluminum removal rate is 86.12%. The Fe content decreases from 39.35 to 3.72 µg/g, and the iron removal rate is 90.55%. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies show that at 220 °C, the chemical reaction between quartz and gangue minerals and the leaching agent can be spontaneous in the direction of positive reaction, and gangue minerals and the leaching agent had priority reaction. The mixed acid leaching process accords with the diffusion control model, E_a is 15.16 kJ/mol, which can provide a theoretical guidance for the purification of quartz.

We examined the mechanical strength and microscopic property effects of bottom ash (BA) recycled concrete made by partially substituting natural aggregates made from three industrial wastes, fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), furnace slag (FS), and cement after BA was treated with slurry to improve the properties of BA and increase its utilisation. The compressive, flexural, splitting tensile strengths, and drying shrinkage test of the recycled concrete from BA were tested at the macroscopic level, and the specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at the microscopic level. The experimental results show that the slurry treatment of BA results in a corresponding improvement in the macroscopic and microscopic properties of the obtained slurry-bound BA aggregates. The synergistic effect of FA and SF can better fill the pores on the surface of BA, which in turn can better improve the properties of recycled concrete. This study provides a theoretical support for improving the properties of BA and promoting its utilisation as a resource.

β-hemihydrate phosphogypsum (HPG) was used to replace a part of cement to prepare hemihydrate phosphogypsum-red mud concrete, effectively increasing the comprehensive use of red mud (RM) and HPG in the concrete. The effects of different RM and HPG contents on the flow properties, water absorption and strengths of HPG-RM concretes were investigated. The appropriate content of HPG reduces the water resistance of red mud concrete, enhances the cohesion and water retention, and effectively filled the pores to decrease the degree of free water erosion. The optimal HPG content was 5%, 10%, and 10% for red mud concretes with 30%, 40%, and 50% RM, respectively. HPG content has more significant effects on the 28 d strengths of HPG-RM concretes. This consequence is accordant with the effect of HPG content on the pore size and pore size distribution from MIP results. The SEM and XRD results show that a large amount of SO₄²⁻ and Ca²⁺ from HPG promote the volcanic ash effect of RM generating more favorable hydration products. However, excessive HPG generates more Ettringite to inhibit the generation of calcium silicate and albite, causing cracks in the concrete and deteriorating performance.

In order to explore the leaching law of different elements in the composite cementitious system composed of ferrous extraction tailing of nickel slag (FETNS) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC), element leaching test under different influencing factors was designed with the aid of ICP-OES, XRD, and SEM-EDS. The experimental results show that, with the extension of leaching time, the continuous hydration reaction in the system enables the leaching amount of Si, Al, Mg, and Ca elements to show an overall downward trend. In the alkaline environment, the more sufficient hydration reaction consumes more soluble elements, resulting in a significantly smaller leaching amount than that in the neutral environment. Temperature is also an important factor affecting the leaching of elements. The rise of temperature promotes the dissolution of amorphous phases Si, Al, and Mg in the system, leading to increased leaching amount and higher consumption of C₂S and C₃S, generating more reaction products. In addition, the content and fineness of FETNS also have a significant effect on the element leaching of the composite cementitious system. More importantly, this paper clarifies the leaching safety of internal heavy metal elements when FETNS is used under the above conditions, which provides a scientific guarantee for the safe and efficient application of FETNS in building materials.

A solid, fast-dissolving sodium silicate was used as an alkaline activator. Granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), metakaolin (MK), and steel slag (SS) were used as the cementious components to prepare a ternary composite cementitious material known as alkali-activated steel slag composite cementitious material (ASCM) by the “one-step method”. The impacts of cementitious components, alkali activator modulus, and Na₂O% on the mechanical strength were investigated, and the hydration products and hydration kinetics of ASCM were analyzed. The experimental results reveal that XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, and exothermic heat of hydration show that when GGBS:MK:SS=60wt%:10wt%:30wt%, the activator modulus is 1.2, and the alkali content is 5.5wt%, the 28 d flexural strength of ASCM mortar is 12.6 MPa, and the compressive strength is 53.3 MPa, the hydration products consist of C-S-H gel/C-A-S-H gel, mullite (3Al₂O₃-2SiO₂), calcite (CaCO₃), quartz, etc. ASCM has a large initial hydration exotherm rate but a small cumulative exotherm.

The mechanochemical synthesis of polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) was achieved using a planetary ball mill at ambient temperature. The effects of ball milling parameters, including speed, time, and stop method, on PCE performance, molecular weight, and distribution were investigated to optimize conditions. The experimental results suggest that ball milling impacts PCE molecular weight and distribution, striking a balance between polymerization and mechanical degradation during synthesis. The optimal parameters were found to be 400 rpm, 120 minutes total time, and 30 minutes milling plus 3 minutes rest cycles. Under these conditions, the PCE exhibits excellent dispersibility with a cement paste fluidity of 260 mm. The mechanochemical approach eliminates heating requirements, and also reduces the reaction time from 300 to 120 minutes compared to traditional aqueous synthesis. The optimized PCE demonstrates an increased density of long-side chains, leading to enhanced early strength, heightens adsorption, and diminished zeta potential in cement systems. These characteristics are comparable to traditionally synthesized PCEs. Moreover, at higher dosages, further augmentation of PCE adsorption and increased cement paste fluidity were noted here.

The effects of pressure on the structural stability, elasticity, electronic properties, and thermodynamic properties of Al, Al₃Cu, Al₂Cu, Al₄Cu₉, AlCu₃, and Cu were investigated using first-principles calculations. The experimental results indicate that the calculated equilibrium lattice constant, elastic constant, and elastic modulus agree with both theoretical and experimental data at 0 GPa. The Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, and shear modulus increase with increasing pressure. The influence of pressure on mechanical properties is explained from a chemical bond perspective. By employing the quasi-harmonic approximation model of phonon calculation, the temperature and pressure dependence of thermodynamic parameters in the range of 0 to 800 K and 0 to 100 GPa are determined. The findings demonstrate that the thermal capacity and coefficient of thermal expansion increase with increasing temperature and decrease with increasing pressure. This study provides fundamental data and support for experimental investigations and further theoretical research on the properties of aluminum-copper intermetallic compounds.

Using a combination of selective laser melting (SLM) and de-alloying methods, we prepared ultrafine crystalline nanoporous Cu. The resulting porous Cu exhibits grains ranging from 30–90 nm in size, pore sizes ranging from 50–300 nm, and a ligamentous structure with melt pool morphology. It is believed that the formation of ultrafine grains with nanoporous microstructures occurs due to the fast cooling rate of the melt pool, repeated heating during the printing process, and the intrinsic immiscibility of Cu and Fe. Our focus in this study lies on investigating the combined effects of parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, and scanning spacing on porous Cu precursors and porous Cu pore structures in the SLM technique, utilizing Taguchi’s experimental method. The goal is to propose a design strategy for the rapid and high-precision fabrication of bulk ultrafine crystalline nanoporous metals. These metals hold promise for various functional applications and can be utilized in the preparation of porous metals across different systems.

By applying the rapid solidification technique of deep undercooling, Cu65Ni35 and Cu60Ni40 alloys achieved maximum undercoolings of 284 and 222 K, respectively. Microstructural images captured reveal grain refinement in both alloys across both large and small undercooling ranges. High-speed photography was used to analyze the relationship between solidification front morphology and undercooling, showing that dendrite remelting and fragmentation caused grain refinement under small undercooling, while stress-induced recrystallization is responsible under large undercooling. Microhardness testing further demonstrates a sudden drop in microhardness near the critical undercooling point, providing evidence for grain refinement due to recrystallization in large undercooling tissues.

Density functional theory (DFT) studies were performed on the lattice parameters, electronic band structure, and optical constants under pressure up to 20 GPa in order to obtain insight into the electronic and optical properties of LiZnAs. The calculated results show LiZnAs is a semiconductor with a direct gap of 0.86 eV, which is smaller than the experimental value 1.1 eV. It also indicates that the structural parameters such as lattice parameters and cell volume show inverse relation to the pressure and shows smooth decreasing behavior from 0 to 20 GPa. Meanwhile, the pressure dependence of the electronic band structure, density of states and partial density of states of LiZnAs up to 20 GPa were presented. And we found that the band gap increased with the pressure. Moreover, the evolution of the dielectric function, absorption coefficient α(ω), reflectivity R(ω), the refractive index n(ω), and the extinction coefficient k(ω) of LiZnAs under pressure were presented. According to our work, we found that the optical properties of LiZnAs undergo a blue shift with increasing pressure. These results suggest technological applications of such materials in extreme environments.

[2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane was synthesized, using tert-butyldimethylsilane (TBDMS) and 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane (EVC) as the main raw materials and tris(triphenylphosphine) chlororhodium(I) [RhCl(Ph₃P)₃] as the catalyst. [2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl] dimethyltert-butylsilane is a novel kind of silicon-containing epoxide. The factors affecting the reaction yield, such as catalyst use, reaction time and reaction temperature, were investigated, and the synthesized product was characterized and analyzed by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR. A series of amine-curing resins were prepared with [2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)ethyl]dimethyltert-butylsilane, bisphenol A epoxy resin (E-51) and modified amine (593 amine). The mechanical properties of cured splines with the different proportions of amine-curing resins were tested. When the content of 593 amine was 20%, the content of E-51 was 75% and the amount of [2-(3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl) ethyl] dimethyltert-butylsilane was 5%, the mechanical properties of the cured splines were the best with the tensile strength being 23.3 MPa, the elongation at break being 7.8%, and the Young’s modulus being 421.3 MPa.

Modified activated carbons (AS) were fabricated through the oxidation effect of ammonium persulfate and applied to the dynamic adsorption of different acrylate gas. The pore structures, surface chemical properties and surface morphology of AS were respectively characterized by N₂ adsorption, Boehm titration, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. After modification, the specific surface area increased from 954 to 1 154 m²·g⁻¹. The contents of oxygen-containing functional groups on the AS surface increase obviously and have a great effect on the adsorption behavior of acrylate gases. According to the results of dynamic adsorption, the adsorption capacities of acrylates are as the following order: methyl acrylate (461.9 mg·g⁻¹) > methyl methacrylate (436.9 mg·g⁻¹) > butyl acrylate (381.8 mg·g⁻¹), which is attributed to the size adaptability of AS pores and acrylates. The adsorption behavior of AS for acrylate gases conforms to the Bangham model and the Temkin model.