Effect Evaluation and Mechanism Analysis of β-Hemihydrate Phosphogypsum on Performances of Red Mud Concretes

Abstract

β-hemihydrate phosphogypsum (HPG) was used to replace a part of cement to prepare hemihydrate phosphogypsum-red mud concrete, effectively increasing the comprehensive use of red mud (RM) and HPG in the concrete. The effects of different RM and HPG contents on the flow properties, water absorption and strengths of HPG-RM concretes were investigated. The appropriate content of HPG reduces the water resistance of red mud concrete, enhances the cohesion and water retention, and effectively filled the pores to decrease the degree of free water erosion. The optimal HPG content was 5%, 10%, and 10% for red mud concretes with 30%, 40%, and 50% RM, respectively. HPG content has more significant effects on the 28 d strengths of HPG-RM concretes. This consequence is accordant with the effect of HPG content on the pore size and pore size distribution from MIP results. The SEM and XRD results show that a large amount of SO₄²⁻ and Ca²⁺ from HPG promote the volcanic ash effect of RM generating more favorable hydration products. However, excessive HPG generates more Ettringite to inhibit the generation of calcium silicate and albite, causing cracks in the concrete and deteriorating performance.

Keywords

β-hemihydrate phosphogypsum (HPG) / red mud (RM) / water resistance / strength / microscopic mechanism

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