In this study, a single-doped phosphors yttrium aluminum garnet (Y₃Al₅O₁₂, YAG): Ce³⁺, single-doped YAG: Sc³⁺, and double-doped phosphors YAG: Ce³⁺, Sc³⁺ were prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS) (lower than 1 200 °C). The characteristics of synthesized phosphors were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fluorescence spectroscopy. During SPS, the lattice structure of YAG was maintained by the added Ce³⁺ and Sc³⁺. The emission wavelength of YAG: Ce³⁺ prepared from SPS (425–700 nm) was wider compared to that of YAG: Ce³⁺ prepared from high-temperature solid-state reaction (HSSR) (500–700 nm). The incorporation of low-dose Sc³⁺ in YAG: Ce³⁺ moved the emission peak towards the short wavelength.

Zirconium-based metal-organic framework UiO-66 was successfully prepared by solvothermal method, and UiO-66 was modified by adding regulators such as formic acid, acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid. The NH₃-SCR reactivity of the samples was evaluated by the denitration activity evaluation system, and the UiO-66 and the regulator-modified UiO-66 were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, FTIR, TG, NH₃-TPD, etc., the effects of regulator types on the structure and properties of UiO-66 were investigated. The experimental results show that, after adding the modifier, the morphology of UiO-66 changes from irregular quadrilateral with serious agglomeration to particles with regular crystal shape and good dispersibility, and the crystal morphology of the catalyst is improved. In addition, after adding the modifier, UiO-66 has a larger specific surface area and stronger surface acidity, which optimizes the catalytic performance of UiO-66. The catalytic performance test results of NH₃-SCR show that the low-temperature activity of UiO-66 is poor, and it only shows a certain catalytic activity at higher temperatures. The catalytic activity of UiO-66 was significantly improved after adding the regulator. Among them, the UiO-66-HCl modified with hydrochloric acid had the best catalytic activity, and the denitration rate reached 70% when the denitration temperature was 380 °C.

By replacing hexyl chains in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with 2-propoxyethyls, four poly(3-(2-propoxyethyl)thiophene) (P3POET) homopolymers with comparable polydispersity indexes (PDI) and regioregularities were prepared herein in addition with step increment of about 7 kDa on number-average molecular weight (M _n) from around 11 to 32 kDa (accordingly denoted as P11k, P18k, P25k, and P32k). When doped in film by FeCl₃ at the optimized conditions, the maximum power factor (PF _max) increases greatly from 4.3 µW·m⁻¹·K⁻² for P11k to 8.8 µW·m⁻¹·K⁻² for P18k, and further to 9.7 µW·m⁻¹·K⁻² for P25k, followed by a slight decrease to 9.2 µW·m⁻¹·K⁻² for P32k. The close Seebeck coefficients (S) at PF _max are observed in these doped polymer films due to their consistent frontier orbital energy levels and Fermi levels. The main contribution to this PF _max evolution thus comes from the corresponding conductivities (σ). The σ variation of the doped films can be rationally correlated with their microstructure evolution.

Liquid-phase exfoliation was employed to synthesize Sr₂Nb₃O₁₀ perovskite nanosheets with thicknesses down to 1.76 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and other characterization techniques were used to evaluate the atomic structure and chemical composition of the exfoliated nanosheets. A UV photodetector based on individual Sr₂Nb₃O₁₀ nanosheets was prepared to demonstrate the application of an ultraviolet (UV) photodetector. The UV photodetector exhibited outstanding photocurrent and responsivity with a responsivity of 3 × 10⁵ A·W⁻¹ at 5 V bias under 280 nm illumination, a photocurrent of 60 nA, and an on/off ratio of 3 × 10².

Polyurethane/desulfurization ash (PU/DA) composites were synthesized using “one-pot method”, with the incorporation of a silane coupling agent (KH550) as a “molecular bridge” to facilitate the integration of DA as hard segments into the PU molecular chain. The effects of DA content (φ) on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity of PU, both before and after the addition of KH550, were thoroughly examined. The results of microscopic mechanism analysis confirmed that KH550 chemically modified the surface of DA, facilitating its incorporation into the polyurethane molecular chain, thereby significantly enhancing the compatibility and dispersion of DA within the PU matrix. When the mass fraction of modified DA (MDA) reached 12%, the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity of the composites were substantially improved, with the tensile strength reaching 14.9 MPa, and the contact angle measuring 100.6°.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles impart outstanding mechanical properties to organic-inorganic nanocomposites in bone. Inspired by the composite structure of HA nanoparticles and collagen in bone, a high performance HA/gelatin nanocomposite was first developed. The nanocomposites have much better mechanical properties (elongation at break 29.9%, tensile strength 90.7 MPa, Young’s modulus 5.24 GPa) than pure gelatin films (elongation at break 9.3%, tensile strength 90.8 MPa, Young’s modulus 2.5 GPa). In addition, the composite films keep a high transmittance in visible wavelength range from 0% to 60% of the HA solid content. These differences in properties are attributed to the homogeneous distribution of HA nanoparticles in the gelatin polymer matrix and the strong interaction between the particle surfaces and the gelatin molecules. This protocol should be promising for HA-based nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties for biomedical applications.

Fe₂O₃/ZnO/Ag ternary composite photocatalytic material was prepared by simple hydrothermal method, and its structure and photocatalytic properties were studied. The experimental results show that Fe₂O₃/ZnO/Ag exhibits better photocatalytic performance. After two hours of UV irradiation, the degradation rates of orange II and methyl orange reached 91.9% and 75.9%, respectively. The design and preparation of the photocatalyst provide a theoretical basis for the practical application of photocatalytic technology.

Bi_1−xEu _xFe_0.95Co_0.05O₃ (x=0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) nanoparticles were prepared through the sol-gel technique. Its structure, local electronic structure, magnetic and electric properties were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction data show (104), (110) bimodal alignment and high angular migration, indicating that with the increase of Eu substitution at Bi site, the structure of BFO undergoes a continuous change in crystal structure. The hysteresis loop and the FC/ZFC curve show how magnetism varies with the size of the field and temperature. Finally, the causes of magnetic changes were analyzed by studying SXAS and hysteresis loops.

Ni²⁺/Cu²⁺/SO₄ ²⁻/polyvinyl alcohol precursor fibers with uniform diameters were prepared through electrospinning. Nickel-based composite nanoalloys containing Ni, Cu, and S were prepared through heat treatment in an Ar atmosphere. The experimental results show that the main components of the prepared nanoalloys are NiCu, Ni₃S₂, Ni, and C. The nanoalloys exhibit fine grain sizes about 200–500 nm, which can increase with increasing heat treatment temperature. Electrochemical test results show that the nickel sulfide-modified NiCu nanoalloy composites exhibit excellent oxygen evolution reaction properties, and the oxygen evolution reaction properties gradually improve with the increasing heat treatment temperature. The sample prepared at 1 000 °C for 40 min show a low overpotential of 423 mV and a small Tafel slope of 134 mV·dec⁻¹ at a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻².

Flower-like copper foam Co₃O₄ catalysts (Co₃O₄/CF) were prepared by hydrothermal method. The crystalline structure and microscopic morphology of the prepared samples were characterized by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the electrochemical properties were investigated by an electrochemical workstation. The experimental results show that the Co₃O₄ catalysts are successfully prepared on the foamed copper support by hydrothermal method, and the material’s morphology is mainly flower cluster. When the current density is 10 mA·cm⁻², the overpotential value of the Co₃O₄/CF catalyst is 141 mV, lower than that of blank support. The electrochemical impedance (EIS) spectrum shows that the R _ct value of the Co₃O₄/CF catalyst decreases, and the Coulomb curves of double-layer show that the electrochemically active area of the Co₃O₄/CF catalyst efficiently increases compared with that of the blank support. Therefore, the as-obtained Co₃O₄/CF catalyst exhibits a good hydrogen evolution rate, showing great applicability potential in the catalytic electrolysis of water for hydrogen production.

A core-shell composite consisting of ZSM-5 zeolite as the core and ordered mesoporous silica as the shell was prepared by a surfactant-controlled sol-gel process and using tetradecylamine (TDA) as the template and Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as the silica precursor. The pores of the silica shell were found to be ordered and perpendicular to the crystal faces of the zeolite core. The thickness of the shell in the core-shell structured composite can be adjusted in the range of 20–90 nm, while the surface morphology and the pore size distribution were modified by changing the mass ratio of TEOS to zeolite. The composite molecular sieves have higher surface area for capturing molecules than ZSM-5, and with the increase of mesoporous shell layer, the ZSM-5@SiO₂-x composites show stronger adsorption capacity of butyraldehyde. However, when the shell thickness exceeds 90 nm, the adsorption capacity of butyraldehyde decreases instead. The composites have a huge potential for environmental applications.

Gypsum was used as substrate, and silica gel was mixed into substrate at a certain mass ratio to prepare humidity-controlling composites; moreover, the moisture absorption and desorption properties of gypsum-based composites were compared with adding different silica gel particle size and proportion. The morphological characteristics, the isothermal equilibrium moisture content curve, moisture absorption and desorption rate, moisture absorption and desorption stability, and humidity-conditioning performance were tested and analyzed. The experimental results show that, compared with pure-gypsum, the surface structure of the gypsum-based composites is relatively loose, the quantity, density and aperture of the pores in the structure increase. The absorption and desorption capacity increase along with the increase of silica gel particle size and silica gel proportion. When 3 mm silica gel particle size is added with a mass ratio of 40%, the maximum equilibrium moisture content of humidity-controlling composites is 0.161 g/g at 98% relative humidity (RH), 3.22 times that of pure-gypsum. The moisture absorption and desorption rates are increased, the equilibrium moisture absorption and desorption rates are 2.68 times and 1.61 times that of pure-gypsum at 58.5% RH, respectively. The gypsum-based composites have a good stability, which has better timely response to dynamic humidity changes and can effectively regulate indoor humidity under natural conditions.

In order to explore the thermal conductivity of polypropylene (PP)/hexagonal boron nitride (BN) composites, PP composites filled with different proportions of BN were prepared through extrution compounding, injection moulding and compression moulding. The composites were filled with BN particles of 5 and 20 µm respectively, and their mass fractions in composites were considered. Percentage of BN was varied from 0 to 25wt% in steps of 5wt%. The effects of BN filler on mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. The thermal behaviors were studied using DSC and TGA, and the thermal conductivity was also investigated by Laser Flash Device and the Model of 3D Heat Conduction respectively. The experimental results show that impact strength of PP/BN can be enhanced with the addition of BN, but that composites exhibit lower breaking elongation & tensile strength when compared to unfilled ones. It is found that mass fraction of BN influenced the final thermal stability and degree of crystallization of PP matrix, the degree of crystallization of PP with 15wt% of 20 µm BN can be improved by 25% than neat PP. Meanwhile, crystallization temperatures of PP composites are elevated by about 10 °C. The thermal conductivity results demonstrate that the maximum value of the thermal conductivity is achieved from PP/BN with 20wt% of 20 µm BN, higher than that of pure PP by 95.65%, close to the simulation one.

In order to clarify the fatigue damage evolution of concrete exposed to flexural fatigue loads, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), impact-echo technology and surface electrical resistance (SR) method were used. Damage variable based on the change of velocity of ultrasonic pulse (D _u) and impact elastic wave (D _i) were defined according to the classical damage theory. The influences of stress level, loading frequency and concrete strength on damage variable were measured. The experimental results show that D _u and D _i both present a three-stages trend for concrete exposed to fatigue loads. Since impact elastic wave is more sensitive to the microstructure damage in stage III, the critical damage variable, i e, the damage variable before the final fracture of concrete of D _i is slightly higher than that of D _u. Meanwhile, the evolution of SR of concrete exposed to fatigue loads were analyzed and the relationship between SR and D _u, SR and D _i of concrete exposed to fatigue loads were established. It is found that the SR of concrete was decreased with the increasing fatigue cycles, indicating that surface electrical resistance method can also be applied to describe the damage of ballastless track concrete exposed to fatigue loads.

To promote the production and application of artificial aggregates, save natural sand resources and protect the ecological environment, we evaluated the feasibility of using spherical porous functional aggregates (SPFAs) formed by basalt saw mud under autoclave curing in ordinary structural concrete. In our work, two types of prewetted functional aggregates were taken as replacements for natural aggregates with different volume substitution rates (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) in the preparation of ordinary structural concrete with water-to-binder ratios (W/B) of 0.48 and 0.33. The effects of the functional aggregate properties and content, W/B, and curing age on the fluidity, density, mechanical properties and autogenous shrinkage of ordinary concrete were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the density of concrete declined at a rate of not more than 5%, and the 28 d compressive strength could reach 31.0–68.2 MPa. Low W/B, long curing age and high-quality functional aggregates were conducive to enhancing the mechanical properties of SPFAs concrete. Through the rolling effects, SPFAs can optimize the particle gradation of aggregate systems and improve the fluidity of concrete, and the water stored inside SPFAs provides an internal curing effect, which prolongs the cement hydration process and considerably reduces the autogenous shrinkage of concrete. SPFAs exhibits high strength and high density, as well as being more cost-effective and ecological, and is expected to be widely employed in ordinary structural concrete.

To realize the resource utilization of the valuable metals in the titanium-containing blast furnace slag, the process route of “hydrochloric acid leaching-electrolysis-carbonization and carbon dioxide capture-preparation of calcium carbonate” was proposed. In this study, the influences of process conditions on the leaching rates of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron and the phases of the leaching residue were investigated for the leaching process. The experimental results show that the HCl solution could selectively leach the elements from the titanium-containing blast furnace slag. The better leaching conditions are the HCl solution concentration of 4 mol/L, the leaching time of 30 min, the ratio of liquid volume to solid gas of 10 mL/g, and the stirring paddle speed of 300 r/min. Under the conditions, the leaching rates of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron can reach 85.87%, 73.41%, 81.35%, and 59.08%, and the leaching rate of titanium is 10.71%. The iron and the aluminum are removed from the leachate to obtain iron-aluminum water purification agents, and the magnesium is removed from the leachate to obtain magnesium hydroxide. The leaching residue phase is dominated by perovskite, followed by magnesium silicate and tricalcium aluminate, and the titanium-rich material could be obtained from the leaching residue by desiliconization.

To solve the problem of only surface carbonation and realize high-efficiency carbonation of recycled coarse aggregate, the method of carbonated recycled coarse aggregate with nano materials pre-soaking was first put forward. The carbonation effect of modified recycled coarse aggregate with three different carbonation methods was evaluated, and water absorption, apparent density and crush index of modified recycled coarse aggregate were measured. Combined with XRD, SEM, and MIP microscopic analysis, the high-efficiency carbonation strengthening mechanism of modified recycled coarse aggregate was revealed. The experimental results show that, compared with the non-carbonated recycled coarse aggregate, the physical and microscopic properties of carbonated recycled coarse aggregate are improved. The method of carbonation with nano-SiO₂ pre-soaking can realize the high-efficiency carbonation of recycled coarse aggregate, for modified recycled coarse aggregate with the method, water absorption is reduced by 23.03%, porosity is reduced by 44.06%, and the average pore diameter is 21.82 nm. The high-efficiency carbonation strengthening mechanism show that the pre-socked nano-SiO₂ is bound to the hydration product Ca(OH)₂ of the old mortar with nano-scale C-S-H, which can improve the CO₂ absorption rate, accelerate the carbonation reaction, generate more stable CaCO₃ and nano-scale silica gel, and bond to the dense three-dimensional network structure to realize the bidirectional enhancement of nano-materials and pressurized carbonation. It is concluded that the method of carbonation with nano-SiO₂ pre-soaking is a novel high-efficiency carbonation modification of recycled coarse aggregate.

The effects of ultrafine WC (WC_UF, 0.5 µm) or W (1 µm) and C (0.3 µm) (W+C)_UF additives on the densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of coarse-grained cemented carbides were compared systematically. Overall, the cemented carbides with WC_UF/(W+C)_UF additives are almost fully densification to be higher than 99%, and the average grain size is kept above 2.8 µm. The WC_UF additive assists grains to (truncated) trigonal prism shape by two dimensional (2D) growth, whereas the (W+C)_UF additive assists grains to rounded shape by three dimensional (3D) growth, lowers WC contiguity and increases face-centered-cubic Co. The hardness and bending strength of (75WC_C-15WC_UF)-10Co are 86.6 HRA and 2 272 MPa, respectively, both higher than those of (75WC_C-15(W+C)_UF)-10Co, which could be ascribed to the enhanced densification and unblemished grains. However, the fracture toughness of the (75WC_C-15(W+C)_UF)-10Co is 23.5 MPa·m^1/2, higher than that of the (75WC_C-15WC_UF)-10Co due to the uniform WC-Co structure and flexible binder phase.

To achieve high microwave permeability in wide-band for the micron-thick magnetic films, [Fe-Fe₂₀Ni₈₀/Cr] _n multilayer structure was proposed by co-sputtering Fe and FeNi to form the magnetic layers and Cr to form the interlayers. The multilayer structure contributes to the high permeability by reducing the coercivity and diminishing out-of-plane magnetization. The maximum imaginary permeability of [Fe-Fe₂₀Ni₈₀/Cr] _n multilayer film reaches a large value of 800 at 0.52 GHz even though its overall thickness exceeds 1 µm. Besides, the magnetic resonance frequency of the multilayer film can be modulated from 0.52 to 1.35 GHz by adjusting the sputtering power of Fe from 0 to 86 W, and its bandwidth for μ″ > 200 (Δf) is as large as 2.0 GHz. The desirable broad Δf of magnetic permeability, which can be well fitted by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations, is due to dual magnetic resonances originated from double magnetic phases of Fe and FeNi that are of different saturation magnetization. The micron-thick multilayer films with high permeability in extended waveband are promising candidate for electromagnetic noise suppression application.

The mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of an Fe-30Mn-3Al-3Si twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel processed using warm forging was investigated. It is found that steel processed via warm forging improves comprehensive mechanical properties compared to the TWIP steel processed via cold rolling, with a high tensile strength (R _m) of 793 MPa, a yield strength (R _P) of 682 MPa, an extremely large R _P/R _m ratio as high as 0.86 as well as an excellent elongation rate of 46.8%. The microstructure observation demonstrates that steel processed by warm forging consists of large and elongated grains together with fine, equiaxed grains. Complicated micro-defect configurations were also observed within the steel, including dense dislocation networks and a few coarse deformation twins. As the plastic deformation proceeds, the densities of dislocations and deformation twins significantly increase. Moreover, a great number of slip lines could be observed in the elongated grains. These findings reveal that a much more dramatic interaction between microstructural defect and dislocations glide takes place in the forging sample, wherein the fine and equiaxed grains propagated dislocations more rapidly, together with initial defect configurations, are responsible for enhanced strength properties. Meanwhile, larger, elongated grains with more prevalently activated deformation twins result in high plasticity.

The evolution of microstructure during hot deformation is key to achieving good mechanical properties in aluminum alloys. We have developed a cellular automaton (CA) based model to simulate the microstructural evolution in 7075 aluminum alloy during hot deformation. Isothermal compression tests were conducted to obtain material parameters for 7075 aluminum alloy, leading to the establishment of models for dislocation density, nucleation of recrystallized grains, and grain growth. Integrating these aspects with grain topological deformation, our CA model effectively predicts flow stress, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) volume fraction, and average grain size under diverse deformation conditions. A systematic comparison was made between electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) maps and CA model simulated under different deformation temperatures (573 to 723 K), strain rates (0.001 to 1 s⁻¹), and strain amounts (30% to 70%). These analyses indicate that large strain, high temperature, and low strain rate facilitate dynamic recrystallization and grain refinement. The results from the CA model show good accuracy and predictive capability, with experimental error within 10%.

Au-Ag alloy nanostars based flexible paper surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensors were fabricated through simple nanostar coating on regular office paper, and the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection performances were investigated using crystal violet dye analyte. Au-Ag nanostars with sharp tips were synthesized via metal ions reduction method. Transmission electron microscope images, X-Ray diffraction pattern and energy dispersive spectroscopy elemental mapping confirmed the nanostar geometry and Au/Ag components of the nanostructure. UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrum shows wide local surface plasmon resonance induced optical extinction. In addition, finite-difference time-domain simulation shows much stronger electromagnetic field from nanostars than from sphere nanoparticle. The effect of coating layer on Raman signal intensities was discussed, and optimized 5-layer coating with best Raman signal was obtained. The Au-Ag nanostatrs homogeneously distribute on paper fiber surface. The detection limit is 10⁻¹⁰ M, and the relationship between analyte concentrations and Raman signal intensities shows well linear, for potential quantitative analysis. The calculated enhancement factor is 4.795×10⁶. The flexible paper surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensors could be applied for trace chemical and biology molecule detection.

Non-equilibrium solidification structures of Cu55Ni45 and Cu55Ni43Co2 alloys were prepared by the molten glass purification cycle superheating method. The variation of the recalescence phenomenon with the degree of undercooling in the rapid solidification process was investigated using an infrared thermometer. The addition of the Co element affected the evolution of the recalescence phenomenon in Cu-Ni alloys. The images of the solid-liquid interface migration during the rapid solidification of supercooled melts were captured by using a high-speed camera. The solidification rate of Cu-Ni alloys, with the addition of Co elements, was explored. Finally, the grain refinement structure with low supercooling was characterised using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The effect of Co on the microstructural evolution during non-equilibrium solidification of Cu-Ni alloys under conditions of small supercooling is investigated by comparing the microstructures of Cu55Ni45 and Cu55Ni43Co2 alloys. The experimental results show that the addition of a small amount of Co weakens the recalescence behaviour of the Cu55Ni45 alloy and significantly reduces the thermal strain in the rapid solidification phase. In the rapid solidification phase, the thermal strain is greatly reduced, and there is a significant increase in the characteristic undercooling degree. Furthermore, the addition of Co and the reduction of Cu not only result in a lower solidification rate of the alloy, but also contribute to the homogenisation of the grain size.

The dynamic mechanical behavior of Al-Mg-Si alloy was investigated under different strain rates by mechanical property and microstructure characterization, constitutive behavior analysis and numerical simulation in the present study. As the strain rate increases, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation increase first, then remain almost constant, and finally increase. The alloy always exhibits a typical ductile fracture mode, not depending on the strain rate. However, as the strain rate increases, the number of dimples gradually increases. Tensile deformation can refine grains, however, the grain structure is slightly affected by the strain rate. An optimized Johnson-Cook constitutive equation was used to describe the mechanical behavior and obtained by fitting the true stress-strain curves. The parameter C was described by a function related to the strain rate. The fitting true stress-strain curves by the JC model agree very well with the experimental true stress-strain curves. The true stress-strain curves calculated by the finite element numerical simulation agree well with the experimental true stress-strain curves.

The effect of the gradient content of Co element on the solidification process of Cu-based alloy under deep under cooling conditions was explored. The non-equilibrium solidification structure of the under cooled alloy samples were analyzed. It is found that the rapidly solidified alloy has undergone twice grain refinement during the undercooling process. Characterization and significance of the maximum undercooling refinement structure of Cu60Ni35Co5 at T=253 K were analyzed. High-density defects were observed, such as dislocations, stacking faults networks, and twinning structures. The standard FCC diffraction pattern represents that it is still a single-phase structure. Based on the metallographic diagram, EBSD and TEM data analysis, it is illustrated that the occurrence of grain refinement under high undercooling is due to stress induced recrystallization. In addition, the laser cladding technology is used to coat Co-based alloy (Stellite12) coating on 304 stainless steel substrate; the microstructure of the coating cross-section was analyzed. It was found that the microstructure of the cross-section is presented as columnar crystals, planar crystals, and disordered growth direction, so that the coating has better hardness and wear resistance. By electrochemical corrosion of the substrate and coating, it can be seen that the Co and Cr elements present in the coating are more likely to form a dense passivation film, which improved the corrosion resistance of the coating.

Aiming to analyze the damage mechanism of UTAO from the perspective of meso-mechanical mechanism using discrete element method (DEM), we conducted study of diseases problems of UTAO in several provinces in China, and found that aggregate spalling was one of the main disease types of UTAO. A discrete element model of UTAO pavement structure was constructed to explore the meso-mechanical mechanism of UTAO damage under the influence of layer thickness, gradation, and bonding modulus. The experimental results show that, as the thickness of UTAO decreasing, the maximum value and the mean value of the contact force between all aggregate particles gradually increase, which leads to aggregates more prone to spalling. Compared with OGFC-5 UTAO, AC-5 UTAO presents smaller maximum and average values of all contact forces, and the loading pressure in AC-5 UTAO is fully diffused in the lateral direction. In addition, the increment of pavement modulus strengthens the overall force of aggregate particles inside UTAO, resulting in aggregate particles peeling off more easily. The increase of bonding modulus changes the position where the maximum value of the tangential force appears, whereas has no effect on the normal force.

We developed a fluorescent double network hydrogel with ionic responsiveness and high mechanical properties for visual detection. The nanocomposite hydrogel of laponite and polyacrylamide serves as the first network, while the ionic cross-linked hydrogel of terbium ions and sodium alginate serves as the second network. The double-network structure, the introduction of nanoparticles and the reversible ionic cross-linked interactions confer high mechanical properties to the hydrogel. Terbium ions are not only used as the ionic cross-linked points, but also used as green emitters to endow hydrogels with fluorescent properties. On the basis of the “antenna effect” of terbium ions and the ion exchange interaction, the fluorescence of the hydrogels can make selective responses to various ions (such as organic acid radical ions, transition metal ions) in aqueous solutions, which enables a convenient strategy for visual detection toward ions. Consequently, the fluorescent double network hydrogel fabricated in this study is promising for use in the field of visual sensor detection.

A nonionic waterborne polyurethane(WPU) was synthesized by the self-emulsification method using polyether diol (N220), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), trimethylolpropane poly (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether) (N120), 1,4-butanediol (BDO) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) as the main materials. The effects of the NCO/OH ratio on the emulsion and film properties of NWPU were explored. The experimental results show that the NWPU prepared at an NCO/OH ratio of 1.1 has good emulsion stability and easy film formation, and the resultant film was elastic, soft, and transparent. The sample was used for wool finishing and the application performance was evaluated. When the NWPU dosage reached 40 g·L⁻¹, the fabric area felt shrinkage rate reduced from 8.97% to 4.75%, the pilling rating raised from grade 2–3 to grade 4, and the whiteness value only decreased by 3.87%.

The millimeter-scale capsules with controllable morphology, ultra-low permeability and excellent mechanical stability were fabricated by millifluidics. Viscosity of inner phase was adjusted to control the morphology and properties of the capsules. In detail, as the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) increased from 0 to 8% in the inner phase of the capsules, the diameter of capsules decreased from 3.33 ± 0.01 mm to 2.97 ± 0.01 mm, the shell thickness of capsules decreased from 0.183 ± 0.004 mm to 0.155 ± 0.003 mm. While the capsules had round shape and high sphericity. Notably, the capsules with 2% PVA in the inner phase had remarkably decreased water permeability and good morphological stability. Specifically, the end-time of water losing of the capsules was up to 49 days, while the dehydrated capsules maintained spherical appearance, and crushing force of the capsules was up to 13.73 ± 0.79 N, which ensured stability during processing and transportation. This research provides a new strategy for stable encapsulation of small molecules.

A novel strategy was developed to prepare the methacrylic gelatin-dopamine (GelMA-DA)/Ag nanoparticles (NPs)/graphene oxide (GO) composite hydrogels with good biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and antibacterial activity. Mussel-inspired DA was utilized to modify the GelMA molecules, which imparts good adhesive performance to the hydrogels. GO, interfacial enhancer, not only improves mechanical properties of the hydrogels, but also provides anchor sites for loading Ag NPs through numerous oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface. The experimental results show that the GelMA/Ag NPs/GO hydrogels have good biocompatibility, and exhibit a swelling rate of 202±16%, the lap shear strength of 147±17 kPa, and compressive modulus of 136± 53 kPa, in the case of the Ag NPs/GO content of 2 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity of the hydrogels against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria is dependent on the Ag NPs/GO content derived from the release of Ag⁺. Furthermore, the GelMA/Ag NPs/GO hydrogels possess good adhesive ability, which is resistant to highly twisted state when stuck on the surface of pigskin. These results demonstrate promising potential of the GelMA-DA/Ag NPs/GO hydrogels as wound dressings for biomedical applications in clinical and emergent treatment.

Our previous studies have successfully grafted biotin and galactose onto chitosan (CS) and synthesized biotin modified galactosylated chitosan (Bio-GC). The optimum N/P ratio of Bio-GC and plasmid DNA was 3:1. At this N/P ratio, the transfection efficiency in the hepatoma cells was the highest with a slow release effect. Bio-GC nanomaterials exhibit the protective effect of preventing the gene from nuclease degradation, and can target the transfection into hepatoma cells by combination with galactose and biotin receptors. The transfection rate was inhibited by the competition of galactose and biotin. Bio-GC nanomaterials were imported into cells’ cytoplasm by their receptors, followed by the imported exogenous gene transfected into the cells. Bio-GC nanomaterials can also cause inhibitory activity in the hepatoma cells in the model of orthotopic liver transplantation in mice, by carrying the gene through the blood to the hepatoma tissue. Taken together, bio-GC nanomaterials act as gene vectors with the activity of protecting the gene from DNase degradation, improving the rate of transfection in hepatoma cells, and transporting the gene into the cytoplasm in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, they are efficient hepatoma-targeting gene carriers.