3D hierarchical flowerlike WS₂ microspheres were synthesized through a facile one-pot hydrothermal route. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by powder X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman. SEM images of the samples reveal that the hierarchical flowerlike WS₂ microspheres with diameters of about 3–5 µm are composed of a number of curled nanosheets. Electrochemical tests such as charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry, cycle life and rate performance were carried out on the WS₂ sample. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, hierarchical flowerlike WS₂ microspheres show excellent electrochemical performance. At a current density of 100 mA·g⁻¹, a high specific capacity of 647.8 mA·h·g⁻¹ was achieved after 120 discharge/charge cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of WS₂ as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries can be attributed to its special 3D hierarchical structure.

The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) optical fiber probes were successfully prepared by self-assembling on polyelectrolyte multilayers. Gold nanorods (Au NRs) were used as SERS enhancement material to give excellent biological affinity and stability to the SERS optical fiber probes. Au NRs were synthesized by seed growth method. The synergistic effect between AgNO₃ and surfactant was investigated, and the highest yield was found when AgNO₃ was 500 uL. Meanwhile, different SERS optical fiber probes were obtained by selecting silane coupling agent, polyelectrolyte multilayer and graphene oxide (GO) to treat quartz fiber. It was found that the SERS optical fiber probes obtained by the self-assembled on polyelectrolyte multilayers method performed better than those by other methods. In addition, Mapping was combined with finite element simulation to analyze the electromagnetic field distribution at the fiber end face. The electromagnetic field distribution of Au NRs was investigated, the difference of electromagnetic field intensity around the Au NRs with different arrangements was compared, the strongest signal was obtained when the Au NRs were head-to-head. Finally, sensitivity of the optimized SERS optical fiber probes could reach 10⁻⁹ mol/L, with excellent stability and repeatability.

La_0.8A_0.2NiO₃ (A=K, Ba, Y) catalysts supported on the microwave-absorbing ceramic heating carrier were prepared by the sol-gel method. The crystalline phase and the catalytic activity of the La_0.8A_0.2NiO₃ catalysts were characterized by XRD and H₂ temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, and gas flow rate on the direct decomposition of nitric oxide over the synthesized catalysts were studied under microwave irradiation (2.45 GHz). The XRD results indicated that the La_0.8A_0.2NiO₃ catalysts formed an ABO₃ perovskite structure, and the H₂-TPR results revealed that the relative reducibility of the catalysts increased in the order of La_0.8K_0.2NiO₃ > La_0.8Ba_0.2NiO₃ > La_0.8Y_0.2NiO₃. Under microwave irradiation, the highest NO conversion amounted to 98.9%, which was obtained with the La_0.8K_0.2NiO₃ catalyst at 400 °C. The oxygen concentration did not inhibit the NO decomposition on the La_0.8A_0.2NiO₃ catalysts, thus the N₂ selectivity exceeded 99.8% under excess oxygen at 550 °C. The NO conversion of the La_0.8A_0.2NiO₃ catalysts decreased linearly with the increase in the gas flow rate.

A series of nitrogen-doped SrMoO₄ with different Sr/N mole ratio (R=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.40, and 0.60) were synthesized using urea as the N source via the vapor-thermal method. The photocatalytic degradation ability of all samples was evaluated using methylene blue (MB) as a target contaminant. The band gaps of N-doped samples are all higher than that of pristine ones, which is only 3.12 eV. BET specific surface area S _BET and pore volume are increased due to the N doping. And the greater increase of S _BET, the faster the photodegradation speed of methylene blue on SrMoO₄. More specifically, the degradation efficiency of MB is improved up to 87% in 100 min.

The Nd:TiO₂ PEO coatings were formed in a phosphate-based electrolyte with the addition of Nd₂O₃ under the current density of 150, 200, 250 and 300 mA/cm². SEM results showed that the micropores decreased on quantity and increased on scale with the increasing current density. AFM results revealed that the roughness of the coatings increased with the increasing current density. Phase and composition analysis showed that the Nd:TiO₂ coatings were mainly composed of anatase and rutile phase. And the anatase phase content has reached the maximum value at the current density of 250 mA/cm². XPS results indicated that Ti2p spin-orbit components of the Nd:TiO₂ coatings are shifted towards higher binding energy, compared with the pure TiO₂ coating, suggesting that some of the Nd³⁺ ions are combined with TiO₂ lattice and led to dislocation. Photocatalytic test showed that the photocatalytic activity of Nd:TiO₂ coatings varied in the same pattern with the anatase content variation in Nd:TiO₂ coatings. The photocatalytic experiment results show that the photocatalytic activity of Nd:TiO₂ coatings can be greatly enhanced with moderate amount of Nd³⁺. However, excessive amount of Nd³⁺ does not have an effective impact on the photoctalytic activity improvement.

A novel negative thermal expansion (NTE) material NdMnO₃ was synthesized by solid-state method at 1 523 K. The crystal structure, phase transition, pores effect and negative expansion properties of NdMnO₃ were investigated by variable temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and variable temperature Raman spectra. The compound exhibits NTE properties in the orderly O′ phase crystal structure. When the temperature is from 293 to 759 K, the ceramic NdMnO₃ shows negative thermal expansion of −4.7×10⁻⁶/K. As temperature increases, the ceramic NdMnO₃ presents NTE property range from 759 to 1 007 K. The average linear expansion coefficient is −18.88×10⁻⁶/K. The physical mechanism of NTE is discussed and clarified through experiments.

Phosphate was removed from aqueous environment by corundum-hollow-spheres supported caclined hydrotalcite (cHT) thin films. Mg-Al-CO₃ hydrotalcite (HT) thin films were deposited on corundum-hollow-sphere substrates by hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation at 120 °C for 30–240 min and cHT thin films were obtained by annealing of the HT thin films at 500 °C for 180 min. Their crystal phase, morphology and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that homogeneous, well-crystallized and hierarchical flower-like thin films were deposited firmly on the surface of the corundum. The mechanism of nucleation and growth of the HT thin films was fitted well with the anion coordination polyhedron growth unit model. To determine the absorption of phosphate by this adsorbent, different bed depth (10–30 cm) and flow rate (1.0–3.0 mL/min) were examined by column experiments. The highest removal efficiency of phosphate amounted to 98.5 % under optimum condition (pH = 7.2). The adsorption capacity increased as the bed depth increased and decreased as the flow rate increased.

A hydrotalcite(layered double hydroxide, LDH) inhibitor which is suitable for the whole process of coal spontaneous combustion and a LDH inhibitor containing rare earth lanthanum elements were prepared. The inhibition effect and mechanism were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal performance analysis, in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and temperature-programmed experiment. The results have shown that the inhibitor containing lanthanum can play a good inhibitory role in every stage of coal oxidation. During the slow oxidation of coal samples, the inhibitor containing lanthanum ions can slow down the oxidation process of coal and increase the initial temperature of coal spontaneous combustion. At the same time, because the hydroxyl groups in LDHs are connected with -COO- groups on the coal surface through hydrogen bonds, the stability of coal is improved. With the increase of temperature, LDHs can remove interlayer water molecules and reduce the surface temperature of coal. CO release rate of coal samples decreases significantly after adding inhibitor containing lanthanum element, and the maximum inhibition rate of the inhibitor is 58.1%.

Asphalt extraction test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for analysis of agglomerations of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) particles. In order to quantify the agglomeration degree of RAP, the fineness modulus ratio (FMR) and the percentage loss index (PLI) were proposed. In addition, grey correlation analysis was conducted to discuss the relationship between particle agglomerations and RAP size, asphalt content (AC), and surface area. Two indexes indicate that the agglomeration degree increases in general as the RAP size reduces. This can be attributed to that particles are prone to agglomeration in the case of higher AC. Based on the SEM images and the material composition of RAP, the particle agglomeration in RAP can be classified into weak agglomeration and strong agglomeration. Grey correlation analysis shows that AC is the crucial factor affecting the agglomeration degree and RAP variability. In order to produce consistent and stable reclaimed mixtures, disposal measures of RAP are suggested to lower the AC of RAP.

The strength development law of γ-type dicalcium silicate (γ-C₂S) under different carbonation processes was investigated, and the carbonation mechanism of γ-C₂S under the action of NH₄HCO₃ was clarified by using a wide range of test methods, including XRD and SEM. A method of saturated NH₄HCO₃ solution as a curing agent was identified to improve the carbonation efficiency and enhance the carbonation degree of γ-C₂S, and then a high-strength carbonated specimen was obtained. Microhardness analysis and SEM morphology analysis were conducted on the carbonised specimens obtained under atmospheric pressure carbonisation conditions using the curing agent. It was found that γ-C₂S could perform carbonisation well under atmospheric pressure, which promoted the carbonisation efficiency and decreased the carbonisation cost simultaneously. Therefore, a new carbonisation process solution was proposed for the rapid carbonisation of γ-C₂S.

The synthesis of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH) from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum is a good way to realize the comprehensive utilization of FGD gypsum. To obtain α-CSH with the satisfactory performances, a facile hydrothermal-aging pretreatment process for FGD gypsum raw materials was proposed, where FGD gypsum was firstly hydrothermally converted to α-CSH whiskers, and α-CSH whiskers were further hydrated to synthesize CaSO₄·2H₂O (CSD) by aging under the regulation of N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). The effects of aging time, MBA addition, aging temperature, and pH on the morphology of the synthesized CSD were investigated. The synthesized CSD crystals exhibit highly uniform prismatic morphology with the length of ca 100 µm and the whiteness of 91.56%. The regulation mechanism of MBA was also illustrated. The synthesized CSD crystals with prismatic morphology were further used as raw materials to synthesize the short columnar α-CSH. The absolute dry compressive strength of paste prepared from the short columnar α-CSH is 40.85 MPa, which reaches α40 strength grade.

Internal curing agents (ICA) based on super absorbent polymer have poor alkali tolerance and reduce the early strength of concrete. An alkali tolerate internal curing agent (CAA-ICA) was designed and prepared by using sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS) with high hydrophilicity, acrylic acid (AA) containing anionic carboxylic group and acrylamide (AM) containing non-ionic amide group as the main raw materials. The results show that the ratio of CAA-ICA alkali absorption solution is higher than that existing ICA, which solves the low water absorption ratio of the ICA in alkali environment. The water absorption ratio of CAA-ICA in saturated Ca(OH)₂ solution is 95.8 g·g⁻¹, and the alkali tolerance coefficient is 3.4. The application of CAA-ICA in cement-based materials can increase the internal relative humidity and miniaturize the pore structure. The compressive strength of mortar increases up to 12.95% at 28 d, which provids a solution to overcome the reduction of the early strength.

In order to study the anti-fatigue performance of RCA modified asphalt (RMA), the performance of RMA and 90 # matrix asphalt with different modifier content were measured by asphalt penetration, ductility, softening point, Brookfield viscosity, rheological index, infrared spectrum and dielectric constant test. This paper discusses the changes of asphalt basic indexes, fatigue properties and asphalt components based on dielectric properties under different modifier contents, and analyzes the grey correlation degree between components and asphalt pavement performance indexes. The results show that the optimum content of RCA modifier is 16.7% of the asphalt quality according to the penetration, ductility, softening point, Brockfield viscosity, viscosity temperature curve and fatigue life. In the phase angle-strain curve, there is disorder in the latter part of the curve. According to the strain (ε _d) corresponding to the disorder point, a new fatigue failure criterion is proposed and proved. Based on the new asphalt fatigue failure criterion, the fatigue prediction model of asphalt mixture is improved, and the fatigue life predicted by the improved fatigue model is compared with the fatigue life obtained by four-point bending fatigue test. The results show that the proposed new asphalt fatigue failure criterion is reasonable, and the fatigue life predicted by the improved asphalt mixture fatigue prediction model is accurate. The research method of classifying asphalt components based on dielectric properties is simple and effective, and the components have a high correlation with the road performance of base asphalt and modified asphalt.

The effects of high-volume slag-fly ash cement with different particle sizes on hydration degree, microstructure and mechanical properties were systematically studied, by means of laser particle size (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), comprehensive thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical properties tests. The results show that suitable particle size distribution of cementitious material has significantly promoting effects on hydration reaction rate and mechanical properties. Compared with slag without further grinding, the slag after ball milling for 4 h has an obvious improvement in reactivity, which also provides a faster hydration rate and higher compressive strength for the cementitious material. When the slag milled for 1 and 4 h is mixed at a mass ratio of 2:1 (i e, slag with D ₅₀ of 7.4 µm and average size of 9.9 µm, and slag with D ₅₀ value of 2.6 µm and average size of 5.3 µm), and a certain amount of fly ash is added in, the most obvious improvement of compressive strength of cement is achieved.

After exposure to freeze-thaw cycles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to test the four mixtures. The microstructure is qualitatively analyzed from the 2D SEM image and the 3D pore distribution curve before and after freezing and thawing. The fractal dimension is utilized to characterize the two-dimensional topography image and the three-dimensional pore distribution, quantitatively. The results reveal that the surface porosity and volume porosity increase as the freeze-thaw action increases. Self-similarity characteristics exist in micro-damage inside the concrete. In the fractal dimension, it is possible to characterize pore evolution quantitatively. The fractal dimension correlates with pore damage evolution. The fractal dimension effectively quantitatively characterizes micro-damage features at various scales from the local to the global level.

In order to better solve the problem of electromagnetic pollution in the civil building cement, to improve the absorption capacity of magnesium oxysulfide cement based materials, and to better use sulfur oxide magnesium cement foamed sheet for improvement of electromagnetic industry, this paper uses the excellent microwave absorbing properties of ferrite and the modified sulfur oxide magnesium cement foam board, and discusses the microwave absorbing performance, aiming at improving the electromagnetic pollution in daily life. The effects of ferrite and silicon carbide doping on microwave absorption properties of modified magnesium oxysulfate cement were studied. At the same time, the wave absorbing properties of the corresponding samples were detected by bow method, and the causes of the corresponding phenomena were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the lowest reflectance of the material is −17.9 dB at 34.1 GHz and the average reflectance of the whole band is −15.9 dB under the target frequency band of 26.5–40 GHz. Under the action of external magnetic field, the absorbing particles are affected by magnetization force, magnetic dipole and resistance coupling, and play the absorbing effect in the cement base solidified completely in the electromagnetic field environment. The lowest reflectance is −17.3dB at 36.4GHz and the average reflectance is −14.3dB for the whole band.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the hydration behavior and cementitious properties of the mixture of calcium carbonate and aluminate, and to explore whether it can be adopted as a new low-carbon cementitious material. The composite system of calcium carbonate and aluminate minerals is studied by measuring the component of hydration products, the hydration heat, setting time and compressive strength. The results prove that the composite system has certain cementitious properties and is feasible to prepare new low-carbon cement.

Two-mm thick A1050 pure aluminum plates were successfully joined by conventional and rapid cooling friction stir welding (FSW), respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction characterization, Vickers hardness measurements, and tensile testing. The results showed that liquid CO₂ coolant significantly reduced the peak temperature and increased the cooling rate, so the rapidly cooled FSW joint exhibited fine grains with a large number of dislocations. The grain refinement mechanism of the FSW A1050 pure aluminum joint was primarily attributed to the combined effects of continuous dynamic recrystallization, grain subdivision, and geometric dynamic recrystallization. Compared with conventional FSW, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and fracture elongation of rapidly cooled FSW joint were significantly enhanced, and the welding efficiency was increased from 80% to 93%. The enhanced mechanical properties and improved synergy of strength and ductility were obtained due to the increased dislocation density and remarkable grain refinement. The wear of the tool can produce several WC particles retained in the joint, and the contribution of second phase strengthening to the enhanced strength should not be ignored.

Oxide ceramic coatings were fabricated on tantalum alloys by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) to improve their hardness and tribological properties. The MAO coatings were manufactured in a mixed silicate-phosphate electrolyte containing NaF and/or EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid). The surface morphology, cross-sectional view, chemical composition, hardness, and wear performance of the coatings were analysed. As revealed by the scanning electron microscopy, silica-rich nodules appear on the MAO coating obtained in the silicate-phosphate electrolyte, but the formation of nodules is inhibited with NaF and/or EDTA in the electrolyte. Also, they reduce the roughness and improve the compactness of the coatings, which are composed of Ta₂O₅, (Ta, O), and TaO. A thick and hard coating is obtained in the NaF-containing electrolyte, and the tribology performance is effectively improved. With additives, the nodule structure is detached from the coating surface and dissolved in the electrolyte. By using NaF as an electrolyte additive, the abrasion performance of the MAO coating is enhanced by decreasing the nodule structure, increasing the size of micropores, and improving the coating hardness.

To improve the surface quality for aluminum alloy 6061(Al6061) in ultra-precision machining, we investigated the factors affecting the surface finish in single point diamond turning (SPDT) by studying influence of the precipitates generation of Al6061 on surface integrity and surface roughness. Based on the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami solid phase transformation kinetics equation, theoretical and experimental studies were conducted to build the relationship between the aging condition and the type, size and number of the precipitates for Al6061. Diamond cutting experiments were conducted to machine Al6061 samples under different aging conditions. The experimental results show that, the protruding on the chip surface is mainly Mg₂Si and the scratches on the machined surface mostly come from the iron-containing phase (α-, β-AlFeSi). Moreover, the generated Mg₂Si and α-, β-AlFeSi affect the surface integrity and the diamond turned surface roughness. Especially, the achieved surface roughness in SPDT is consistent with the variation of the number of AlFeSi and Mg₂Si with the medium size (more than 1 µm and less than 2 µm) in Al6061.

We investigated the parametric optimization on incremental sheet forming of stainless steel using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) coupled with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). AISI 316L stainless steel sheets were used to develop double wall angle pyramid with aid of tungsten carbide tool. GRA coupled with PCA was used to plan the experiment conditions. Control factors such as Tool Diameter (TD), Step Depth (SD), Bottom Wall Angle (BWA), Feed Rate (FR) and Spindle Speed (SS) on Top Wall Angle (TWA) and Top Wall Angle Surface Roughness (TWASR) have been studied. Wall angle increases with increasing tool diameter due to large contact area between tool and workpiece. As the step depth, feed rate and spindle speed increase, TWASR decreases with increasing tool diameter. As the step depth increasing, the hydrostatic stress is raised causing severe cracks in the deformed surface. Hence it was concluded that the proposed hybrid method was suitable for optimizing the factors and response.

We put forward a method of fabricating Aluminum (Al)/carbon fibers (CFs) composite sheets by the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) method. The finished Al/CFs composite sheet has CFs and pure Al sheets as sandwich and surface layers. After cross-section observation of the Al/CFs composite sheet, we found that the CFs discretely distributed within the sandwich layer. Besides, the tensile test showed that the contribution of the sandwich CFs layer to tensile strength was less than 11% compared with annealed pure Al sheet. With ex-situ observation of the CFs breakage evolution with −16%, −32%, and −45% rolling reduction during the ARB process, the plastic instability of the Al layer was found to bring shear damages to the CFs. At last, the bridging strengthening mechanism introduced by CFs was sacrificed. We provide new insight into and instruction on Al/CFs composite sheet preparation method and processing parameters.

The performance of solid solution aging treatment on aluminum matrix composites prepared by powder metallurgy and reinforced with 6061 aluminum alloy powder as matrix; meanwhile, nano silicon carbide particles (nm SiCp), submicron silicon carbide particles (1 µm SiCp) and Ti particles were studied. The Al/SiCp composite powder was prepared by high-energy ball milling, and then cold-pressed, sintered, hot-extruded, and then heat-treated with different solution temperatures and aging times for the extruded composites. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and extrusion testing were used to analyze and test the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites. The results show that after the multi-stage solid solution at 530 °C×2 h+535 °C×2 h+540 °C×2 h, the particles are mainly equiaxed grains and uniformly distributed. There is no reinforcement agglomeration, and the surface is dense and the insoluble phase is basically dissolved. In the matrix, the strengthening effect is good, and the hardness and compressive strength are 179.43 HV and 680.42 MPa, respectively. Under this solution process, when the aluminum matrix composites are aged at 170 °C for 10 h, the hardness and compressive strength can reach their peaks and increase to 195.82 HV and 721.48 MPa, respectively.

Ag-In intermetallic alloys were produced by using vacuum arc furnace. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDX) were used to determine the thermal properties and chemical composition of the phases respectively. Microhardness values of Ag-In intermetallics were calculated with Vickers hardness measurement method. According to the experimental results, Ag-34 wt%In intermetallic system generated the best results of energy saving and storage compared to other intermetallic systems. Also from the microhardness results, it was observed that intermetallic alloys were harder than pure silver and Ag-26 wt% In system had the highest microhardness value with 143.45 kg/mm².

The double-layer NiCr-Cr₃C₂/Ni-Zn-Al₂O₃ coatings with sufficient corrosion and wear resistance were prepared on low carbon steel substrates. The intermediate layers Ni-Zn-Al₂O₃ were fabricated by using low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) method to improve the salt fog corrosion resistance properties of the supersonic plasma spray (SPS) NiCr-Cr₃C₂ coatings. The friction and wear performance for the double-layer and single-layer NiCr-Cr₃C₂ coatings were carried out by line-contact reciprocating sliding, respectively. Combined with the coating surface analysis techniques, the effect of the salt fog corrosion on the tribological properties of the double-layer coatings was studied. The results showed that the double-layer coatings exhibited better wear resistance than that of the single-layer coatings, due to the better corrosion resistance of the intermediate layer; the wear mass losses of the double-layer coatings was reduced by 70% than that of the single layer coatings and the wear mechanism of coatings after salt fog corrosion conditions is mainly corrosion wear.

A new, innovative vibration cast-rolling technology of “electromagnetic stirring + dendrite breaking + asynchronous rolling” was proposed with the adoption of sinusoidal vibration of crystallization roller to prepare Ti/Al laminated composites, and the effect of sinusoidal vibration of crystallization roller on composite microstructure was investigated in detail. The results show that the metallurgical bonding of titanium and aluminum is realized by mesh interweaving and mosaic meshing, instead of transition bonding by forming metal compound layer. The meshing depth between titanium and aluminum layers (6.6 µm) of cast-rolling materials with strong vibration of crystallization roller (amplitude 0.87 mm, vibration frequency 25 Hz) is doubled compared with that of traditional cast-rolling materials (3.1 µm), and the composite interfacial strength (27.0 N/mm) is twice as high as that of traditional cast-rolling materials (14.9 N/mm). This is because with the action of high-speed superposition of strong tension along the rolling direction, strong pressure along the width direction and rolling force, the composite linearity evolves from “straight line” with traditional casting-rolling to “curved line”, and the depth and number of cracks in the interface increases greatly compared with those with traditional cast-rolling, which leads to the deep expansion of the meshing area between interfacial layers and promotes the stable enhancement of composite quality.

The Young’s modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio of monolayer arsenene with different sizes were calculated by finite element method, so as to explore the influence of dimension and orientation on the mechanical properties of monolayer arsenene. The calculation results show that the small size has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the monolayer arsenene. The smaller the size, the larger the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the monolayer arsenene. The size change has a great influence on the Young’s modulus of the arsenene handrail direction, and the Young’s modulus of the zigzag direction is not sensitive to the size change. Similarly, the size change has a significant effect on the shear modulus of arsenene in the handrail direction, while the shear modulus in the zigzag direction has no significant effect on its size change. For the Poisson’s ratio, the situation is just the opposite, and the effect of the size change on the Poisson’s ratio of the arsenene zigzag direction is greater than that of the handrail direction.

Surface metallization of glass fiber (GF) / polyetheretherketone (PEEK)[GF/PEEK] is conducted by coating copper using electroplating and magnetron sputtering and the properties are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The coating bonding strength is assessed by pull-out tests and scribing in accordance with GB/T 9286-1998. The results show that the Cu coating with a thickness of 30 µm deposited on GF/PEEK by magnetron sputtering has lower roughness, finer grain size, higher crystallinity, as well as better macroscopic compressive stress, bonding strength, and electrical conductivity than the Cu coating deposited by electroplating.

Aluminum hypophosphite microspheres (AHP) were synthesized by hydrothermal method using NaH₂PO₂-H₂O and AlCl₃·6H₂O as raw materials, and then the AHP microspheres were polymerized by surface polymerization of micro-nanospheres with cyclic cross-linked poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4. 4′-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS). A new organic-inorganic poly(phosphonitrile)-modified aluminum hypophosphite microspheres (PZS-AHP) were synthesized by encapsulation and applied to flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The microstructure and chemical composition of the PZS-AHP microsphere were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray spectroscopy. The thermal stability of PZS-AHP microsphere was explored with thermogravimetric analysis. Thermogravimetric data indicate that the PZS-AHP microspheres have excellent thermal stability. The thermal and flame-retarding properties of the TPU composites were evaluated by thermogravimetric (TG), limited oxygen index tests (LOI), and cone calorimeter test (CCT). The TPU composite achieved vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 grade and LOI value reached 29.2% when 10 wt% PZS-AHP was incorporated. Compared with those of pure TPU, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of TPU/10%PZS-AHP decreased by 82.2% and 42.5%, respectively. The results of CCT indicated that PZS-AHP microsphere could improve the flame retardancy of TPU composites.

To explore the role of biofilm formation on the corrosion of marine concrete structures, we investigated the attachment of biofilm on mortar surfaces in simulated seawater and the influence of biofilm on the microstructure of mortar surfaces. The results show that the evolution of biofilm on mortar surfaces in simulated seawater is closely related to the corrosion suffered by the mortar, and the process of biofilm attachment and shedding is continuous and cyclical. It is found that the specimens in the absence of biofilm attachment are more severely eroded internally by the corrosive medium in simulated seawater than those in the presence of biofilm attachment. For the specimens without biofilm attachment, after 60 days, gypsum forms, and after 120 days, the number of pores in the mortar is reduced. In contrast, for the specimens in the presence of biofilm attachment, gypsum could only be detected after 90 days, and fewer pores are filled. Therefore, the formation of biofilm could delay the invasion of the corrosive medium into the interior of mortar during the evolution of biofilm on mortar surfaces, mitigating the corrosion of mortars in seawater.

We synthesized B-He/B-GREDVY and immobilized them on avidin-coated surfaces. To examine the immobilization of molecules in the material, the following experiments were performed: fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) fluorescence staining, water contact angle and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Besides, the biological evaluation experiments were also performed, such as platelets adhesion and activation, the culturing of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells (EC). These experimental results show that the modified surfaces could prevent the hyperproliferation of SMC, and promote the proliferation and migration of EC and EPC. Furthermore, the adding of VEGF improved the EC adhesion in a dynamic environment. Generally, it is expected that the modified surfaces could be used to accelerate the formation of the newly endothelial layer for the construction of platforms for coronary artery stent therapy.