Let
The drift, the risk-free interest rate, and the volatility change over time horizon in realistic financial world. These frustrations break the necessary assumptions in the Black-Scholes model (BSM) in which all parameters are assumed to be constant. To better model the real markets, a modified BSM is proposed for numerically evaluating options price–changeable parameters are allowed through the backward Markov regime switching. The method of fundamental solutions (MFS) is applied to solve the modified model and price a given option. A series of numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effect of the changing market on option pricing.
Let
People studied the properties and structures of restricted Lie algebras all whose elements are semisimple. It is the main objective of this paper to continue the investigation in order to obtain deeper structure theorems. We obtain some sufficient conditions for the commutativity of restricted Lie algebras, generalize some results of R. Farnsteiner and characterize some properties of a finite-dimensional semisimple restricted Lie algebra all whose elements are semisimple. Moreover, we show that a centralsimple restricted Lie algebra all whose elements are semisimple over a field of characteristic
In this paper, we focus on the existence of symmetric λ-configurations with λ = 2, 3, and 4. Three new spatial configurations (
It is shown that there exists a quantum superdeterminant sdet
We extend Yamada-Watababe’s criterion [J. Math. Kyoto Univ., 1971, 11: 553-563] on the pathwise uniqueness of one-dimensional stochastic differential equations to a special class of multi-dimensional stochastic differential equations.
In this paper, we consider a triple of Gromov-Hausdorff convergence:
This paper gives a Noether type inequality of a minimal Gorenstein 3-fold of general type whose canonical map is generically finite.
In this paper, we introduce the concept of weakly s-semipermutable subgroups. Let
We introduce two residual type a