Hemodynamic study of tetrandrine (Tet) in conscious rats showed that 15 mg/kg i.v. lowered BP, LVSP, ±dp/dtmax, and (dP/dt)P−1. The degree of diminutions was nearly equal to that of BP during the initial period, while the LVEDP was elevated. But all these parameters (except −dp/dtmax) recovered gradually and earlier than BP, and LVEDP decreased to a level slightly lower than that of control. These results indicate that the hypotensive action of Tet is mainly due to its inhibition of cardiac contractility at the early period, but due to vasodilatation in the later stage.
The HR was slowed down abruptly followed by a reflex acceleration, and than a gradual but sustained decrease in HR supervened with i.v. Tet. When large dose (40 mg/kg) of Tet i.v. caused a cardiac standstill with the R wave of ECG persisting for a few minutes, it means that an excitation-contraction decoupling occurred as that found on isolated myocardial preparation treated with verapamil and Tet.
The prevalence of HDAg in the liver of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma was determined by using direct immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase. Six patients (6.3 %) out of 95 HBsAg carriers with inflammatory liver disease and neoplasia were found to be HDAg positive. HDAg was shown in the liver of 6 patients (7.6 %) among 79 patients with chronic hepatitis. The relative frequency of HDAg in cinhosis-B, chronic active hepatitis B and chronic persistent hepatitis B was 14.3 %, 7.1% and 5.9% respectively. These results suggest that a sizeable number of HBsAg carriers are superinfected with HDV. In view of the large amount of HBV carriers in China, the relative minor but distinct presence of HDV poses an important community health problem.
Rabbit antiserum to Pre-S1 protein was used to establish peroxidaseantiperoxidase (PAP) and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunohistochemical techniques for detection of Pre-S1 protein in paraffin-embedded liver tissue. Pre-S1 protein could be expressed in hepatocyte cytoplasm and on membrane in some cases with chronic viral hepatitis, cinhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its expression was intimately associated with HBsAg, HBcAg in liver and HBV DNA in serum, indicating that pre-S1 protein may represent the essential component of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and also serve as one of the markers of HBV infection. The incidence of Pre-S1 piotein was slightly lower in nontumotous liver of HCC than in other cases and Pie-S1 piotein could not be detected in tumorous tissue of HCC suggesting that expression of pre-Sl protein may be suppressed in HCC cases.
SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting analysis by using 9 clones of monoclonal antibodies specifrc for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) viruses were carried out on the virion proteins of 17 strains of HFRS viruses isolated from different areas in Asia and different hosts such as Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, domestic cat and HFRS patients. Polypeptide with apparent molecular weight about 50 kilodalton(Kd) could be detected in all 17 strains of HFRS viruses. On this polypeptide there are two different antigenic determinants and one of them might be genus specific.
From Dec. 1987 to June 1988, we performed hepatic resection on 8 cases of primary liver cancel and 10 cases of benign liver tumor under the guidance Of B-mode ultrasound. Of 18 cases, 2 received light hemihepatectomy, 5 underwent left hemihepatectomy or left lateral lobectomy, 9 had segmentectomy and 2 were treated by tumor removal. There was no operative death. Postoperatively, plcural effusion occurred in 3 cases and biliary fistula in 2 cases. The hospitalization time was 14–52 days with a mean of 29 days. Our results showed that the intraoperative B-mode ultrasound could not only demonstrate the number, size and boundary of lesions but also exhibit the location and orientation of the intrahepatic conduit system and its 3-dimensional relation with the lesions. It is very helpful in dealing with the intrahepatic vessels and ducts.
The extract of Pasta ulmi was examined in vivo and in vitro for antimalaria effect. During animal experiments lipophil extract appeared to have a stronger effect than whole extract, whereas the water diluted extract had no therapeutic effect. In the cell culture the isolated fraction of lipophil extract C1, C2 and C4 showed no inhibitory effect on P. falciparum, but the fraction C0 and C3 with a concentration of 10 μg/ml medium demonstrated a totally parasiticical effect on parasites on the 5th day of culture.
The subpopulations of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and macrophages of the peripheral blood in 58 cases of epilepsia were studied with McAb by IFA method. The activity of natural killer (NK) cells of penpheric blood monocyte was investigated by51Cr-releasing method. 22 healthy donors of about the same age served as controls. The results showed that the percentage of T3 and T4 lymphocytes in epileptic patients was decreased, and the ratio of T4/T8 was markedly reduced as compared to control group. The percentage of T8 lymphecytes was increased. There were no significant changes in B lymphocytes and macrophages. The NK cell activity also showed decrease. The results suggested abnormality in cellular immunity in epilepsia, which may be involved in the pathogenetic mechanism of the disease.
The ultrastructural localization of peptide substances, such as vascpressin (VP) substance P (SP), enkephalin (ENK) and somatostatin (SRIF), and the distribution of peptidergic nerves in rat neurohypephysis were studied by immunoelectron microscopy. The results show that VP, SP, ENK and SRIF immunoreactive products are located in large granular vesieles (110–150 nm in diameter), at the periphery of microvosieles and on the outer membrane of mitochondria. The VP-, SP-, ENK -and SRIF-containig nerve fibers are distributed at the pcriphery of capillaries and in the vicinity of pituicytes. VP -and ENK-positive nerve terminals form a xo-a xonie synapses with negative terminals. VP -and ENK-terminals are pre-or postsynaptic elements. Axo-a xonic synapses formed by two SRIF-positive terminals were also found. In addition, ENK -and SP-positive terminals with pituicytes form synaptoid structures respectively. The authors have discovered VP-positive pituicytes for the first time.
Retinyl esters were quantitatively the most significant product formed in short term incubations of isolated rat germinal cells administered3H-retinol.3H-retinyl palmitate was found to be the single most abundant metabolite accounting for approximately 80 % of the total label 2,h after administration of3Hretinol bound to bovine serum albumin. Differences were found in the relative activity of retinol uptake and metabolism between the various subpopulations of germinal cells separated by the staput sedimentation technique. The strongest correlation was between the magnitude of3H-retinyl palmitate synthesis and the distribution of round spermatids. Large pachytene spermatocyte.s also appealed to correlate with3H-:etinyl palmitate synthesis although this correlation was ambiguous due to the presence of a small population of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia in these fractions.
The concentration of cellular3H-retinol was more than 10fold greater in germinal cells administered3H-retinol bound to bovine serum albumin than when3H-retinol bound to serum retinol -binding protein was administered, and likewise the concentration of cellular3H-retinyl palmitate was approximately 30fold higher. In comparison to germinal cells, Sertoli cells administered3H-retinol bound to serum retinol-binding protein incorporated 20fold more3H-retinol and synthesized more3H-retinyl palmitate. However, both germinal cells and Sertcli cells were found to have incorporated similar concentrations of total label when administered3H-retinol bound to bovine serum albumin. These findings are consistent with that found in a model for retinol transport in the germinal epithelium in vivo where Sertoli cells take up retinol from serum retinol-binding protein in blood and subsequently supply germinal cells with retinol through a transport mechanism independent of serum retinol-binding protein.
Rabbits were fed on 1 % cholesterol and 10 % rape seed oil (group A) or lard (group B). Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride level of group A was strikingly lower than that of group B. No difference was found in the lipid composition of β-VLDLs between both groups. However, apo E content of β-VLDL from group A was higher and apo B (higher molecular weight) was lower than that of group B respectively. β-VLDL of group A caused greater accumulation of cholesterol in mouse peritoneal macrophage than that of group B. Therefore, we assume that the good effect of poly-unsalurated fatty acid on atherosclerosis results not from decreasing accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages but from enhancing elimination of β-VLDL by the liver.
It was demonstrated by using lipoprotion lipase (LFL) inhibition benzene boronic acid (BBA) that LFL played a major role in the accumulai on of triglycerides (TG) in mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to rabbit rormal vevy low density lipoproteins (N-VLDL). These were less free fatty acids (FFA) and much more N-VLDL-TG left in the media containing BBA than in the controls. TG accumulation in the cells was greatly diminished or even prohibited by BBA. Thus, we obtained direct evidence that LPL played a mole important role than the leceptor did in the uptake of N-VLDL-TG by mouse macrophages. The mechanisms of LPL action were discussed.
Peritoneal macrophages were harvested from both healthy mice and mice with diabetes induced by intravenous injection of streptozotocin. After incubation with normal plasma very low density lipoprotein (n-VLDL) from swine for 24 h, the content of triglyceride (TG) in macrophages from diabetic mice was higher than that in the controls, and it was the same with the concentration of free fatty acid (FFA) in medium. The basic concentration of cholesterol ester (ChE) in macrophages from diabetic mice was also higher than that of the controls. After incubation with β-VLDL from hypercholesterloemic rabit for 48 h, no alteration in ChE content was found in the cells. On the contrary, the content of ChE in the cells from the controls was accumulated by saturating. The levels of FFA in the medium of the diabetic group were still higher than those of the controls. These results demonstrated that the metabolic function of peritoneal macrophages in diabetic mice was altered. The uptake and degradation of n-VLDL and the endogenous cholesterol synthesis were increased, but the uptake of β-VLDL was lower. In this paper, the possible mechanism and the relationship between atherosclerosis and diabetes are discussed.
Methyl-ISP, a newly developed organophosphorous insecticide, is used in China to treat and protect plants from pest infestation. Our studies demonstrated that methyl-ISP is metabolized rapidly in tat and mouse. Its toxicity was low. no obvious accumulative toxicity, chronic toxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity or delayed neuirotoxicity could be observed. It is therefore concluded that methyl-ISP is relatively safe to animals and human subjects. methyl-ISP is now employed to replace the other commonly used insecticide hexachlorobenzene (666) in agriculture. A preliminary study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of intoxication at subcellular levels.