A novel high-speed parallel kinematic machine (PKM) named Delta-S parallel manipulator is proposed, which consists of a fixed base connected to a moving platform through three limbs with identical topology. Each limb is composed of one driving arm and one follower arm, herein, the latter includes two strings and one middle rod, all located in a same plane. Compared with similar manipulators with uniform parameters, the novel and unique topology as well as the addition of two strings of Delta-S manipulator can remove the clearance of the spherical joints, reduce the inertial load of components further, improve the positioning accuracy and dynamic performance, and so on. In order to formulate the kineto-static model of Delta-S manipulator, the kineto-static analyses and models of the driving arm, the generalized follower and the moving platform can be carried out by the D’ALEMBERT principle. For the sake of obtaining the force analytic results of strings, the deformation compatibility condition of strings and the middle rod are determined. Furthermore, in virtue of the assumption of small deformation and the linear superposition principle, the minimal pre-tightening force of the strings is calculated. The main results include that the loads of the strings and the middle rod must be larger than “zero” and the pre-tightening force over the workspace must be larger than the minimal pre-tightening force at any time within the workspace, which lay the foundation for the dynamic analysis and the prototype manufacture of the Delta-S manipulator.

In order to achieve large tolerance capture and high stiffness connection for space payload operations, a Chinese large-scale space end-effector (EER) was developed. Three flexible steel cables were adopted to capture the payload with large capture allowance. Ball screw transmission mechanism and plane shape-constraint four bar linkage mechanism were utilized to connect the payload with high stiffness. The experiments show that capture tolerances in X, Y, Z, Pitch, Yaw, Roll directions are 100 mm, 100 mm, 120 mm, 10.5°, 10.5°, 12°, respectively. The maximum connection stiffness is 4 800 N·m. The end-effector could meet the requirements for space large tolerance capture and high stiffness connection in the future.

Based on the Reynolds equation with Reynolds boundary conditions, the Castelli method was employed to solve the Reynolds equation for oil lubrication upon bearings. By doing so, a profile of nonlinear oil film force of single-pad journal bearings is established. According to the structure of combination journal bearings, nonlinear oil film force of combination journal bearing is obtained by retrieval, interpolation and assembly techniques. As for symmetrical flexible Jeffcott rotor systems supported by combination journal bearings, the nonlinear motions of the center of the rotor are calculated by the self-adaptive Runge-Kutta method and Poincaré mapping with different rotational speeds. The numerical results show that the system performance is slightly better when the pivot ratio changes from 0.5 to 0.6, and reveals nonlinear phenomena of periodic, period-doubing, quasi-periodic motion, etc.

An optimal measurement pose number searching method was designed to improve the pose selection method. Several optimal robot measurement configurations were added to an initial pre-selected optimal configuration set to establish a new configuration set for robot calibration one by one. The root mean squares (RMS) of the errors of each end-effector poses after being calibrated by these configuration sets were calculated. The optimal number of the configuration set corresponding to the least RMS of pose error was then obtained. Calibration based on those poses selected by this algorithm can get higher end-effector accuracy, meanwhile consumes less time. An optimal pose set including optimal 25 measurement configurations is found during the simulation. Tracking errors after calibration by using these poses are 1.54, 1.61 and 0.86 mm, and better than those before calibration which are 7.79, 7.62 and 8.29 mm, even better than those calibrated by the random method which are 2.22, 2.35 and 1.69 mm in directions X, Y and Z, respectively.

In order to make the humanoid robot walk freely in complicated circumstance, the reliable capabilities for obtaining plane information from its surroundings are demanded. A system for extracting planes from data taken by stereo vision was presented. After the depth image was obtained, the pixels of each line were scanned and split into straight line segments. The neighbouring relation of line segments was kept in link structure. The groups of three line segments were selected as seed regions. A queue was maintained for storing seed regions, and then the plane region was expanded around the seed region. The process of region growing continued until the queue of seed regions was empty. After trimming, the edges of the planes became smooth. In the end, extracted planes were obtained. In the experiment, two models were used: pipe and stairs. Two planes in pipe model and six planes in stairs model were extracted exactly. The speed and precision of algorithm can satisfy the demands of humanoid robot’s navigation.

In order to accurately and quickly identify the safety status pattern of coal mines, a new safety status pattern recognition method based on the extension neural network (ENN) was proposed, and the design of structure of network, the rationale of recognition algorithm and the performance of proposed method were discussed in detail. The safety status pattern recognition problem of coal mines can be regard as a classification problem whose features are defined in a range, so using the ENN is most appropriate for this problem. The ENN-based recognition method can use a novel extension distance to measure the similarity between the object to be recognized and the class centers. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a real-world application on the geological safety status pattern recognition of coal mines was tested. Comparative experiments with existing method and other traditional ANN-based methods were conducted. The experimental results show that the proposed ENN-based recognition method can identify the safety status pattern of coal mines accurately with shorter learning time and simpler structure. The experimental results also confirm that the proposed method has a better performance in recognition accuracy, generalization ability and fault-tolerant ability, which are very useful in recognizing the safety status pattern in the process of coal production.

In order to validate the simulation model and develop heave compensation control strategy, heave compensation model tests were performed. The model test installation includes the mining ship motion simulator, the heave compensation system, the lifting pipe simulator, the buffer simulator and the water pool. The tests of mining ship motion simulator show that it is able to perform under the predetermined attitude path smoothly and can meet the requirements of the mining ship motions. The heave compensation effect is more than 60% under random wave and the goal is set to be 50%. The model test results indicate that this heave compensation system is effective and feasible.

Under the condition of the designated collection ratio and the interfused ratio of mullock, to ensure the least energy consumption, the parameters of collecting head (the feed speed, the axes height of collecting head, and the rotate speed) are chosen as the optimized parameters. According to the force on the cutting pick, the collecting size of the cobalt crust and bedrock and the optimized energy consumption of the collecting head, the optimized design model of collecting head is built. Taking two hundred groups seabed microtopography for grand in the range of depth displacement from 4.5 to 5.5 cm, then making use of the improved simulated annealing genetic algorithm (SAGA), the corresponding optimized result can be obtained. At the same time, in order to speed up the controlling of collecting head, the optimization results are analyzed using the regression analysis method, and the conclusion of the second parameter of the seabed microtopography is drawn.

The hydrodynamic problem of a two-dimensional model of seafloor mining tool entering still water vertically at constant speed was analyzed based on the velocity potential theory. For the assumption that the water entry occurs with very short time interval, the viscosity and gravity of fluid were neglected. Considering the characteristic shape of it, the seafloor mining tool was simplified as a flat-bottom body. The governing equations were the Reynolds time-averaged equations and the k-ɛ model. Finite element analysis was undertaken using the CFD software, Fluent. The impact pressures on the bottom of the mining tool were computed based on the improved volume of fluid method (VOF). The pressure distribution, the maximum impact pressure, and the impact duration time during the water entry of mining tool are presented at various deploying velocities, the two peak pressures in the impact process are observed, and the relationship between the maximum impact pressure and the deploying velocity is obtained. The results are compared with those based on other prediction theories and methods.

The structure and working principle of a self-deigned high pressure electronic pneumatic pressure reducing valve (EPPRV) with slide pilot are introduced. The resistance value formulas and the relationship between the resistance and pressure of three typical pneumatic resistances are obtained. Then, the method of static characteristics analysis only considering pneumatic resistances is proposed, the resistance network from gas supply to load is built up, and the mathematical model is derived from the flow rate formulas and flow conservation equations, with the compressibility of high pressure gas and temperature drop during the expansion considered in the model. Finally, the pilot spool displacement of 1.5 mm at an output pressure of 15 MPa and the enlarging operating stroke of the pilot spool are taken as optimization targets, and the optimization is carried out based on genetic algorithm and the model mentioned above. The results show that the static characteristics of the EPPRV are significantly improved. The idea of static characteristics analysis and optimization based on pneumatic resistance network is valuable for the design of pneumatic components or system.

A model to describe the hysteresis damping characteristic of rubber material was presented. It consists of a parallel spring and damper, whose coefficients change with the vibration amplitude and frequency. In order to acquire these relations, force decomposition was carried out according to some sine vibration measurement data of nonlinear forces changing with the deformation of the rubber material. The nonlinear force is decomposed into a spring force and a damper force, which are represented by the amplitude- and frequency-dependent spring and damper coefficients, respectively. Repeating this step for different measurements gives different coefficients corresponding to different amplitudes and frequencies. Then, the application of a parameter identification method provides the requested approximation functions over amplitude and frequency. Using those formulae, as an example, the dynamic characteristic of a hollow shaft system supported by rubber rings was analyzed and the acceleration response curve in the centroid position was calculated. Comparisons with the sine vibration experiments of the real system show a maximal inaccuracy of 8.5%. Application of this model and procedure can simplify the modeling and analysis of mechanical systems including rubber materials.

Aimed at the difficulty in revealing the vibration localization mechanism of mistuned bladed disks by using simple non-linear model, a mechanical model of the bladed disk with random mistuning of hysteretic dry friction damping was established. Then, the incremental harmonic balance method was used to analyze the effects of the parameters of bladed disks, such as the mistuning strength of dry friction force, coupled strength, viscous damping ratio and friction strength, on the forced response of the bladed disks. The results show that the vibrational energy localization phenomenon turns up in the tuned bladed disks if the nonlinear friction damping exists, and the random mistuning of the dry friction force intensifies this kind of vibration localization.

The predictive model of surface roughness of the spiral bevel gear (SBG) tooth based on the least square support vector machine (LSSVM) was proposed. A nonlinear LSSVM model with radial basis function (RBF) kernel was presented and then the experimental setup of PECF system was established. The Taguchi method was introduced to assess the effect of finishing parameters on the gear tooth surface roughness, and the training data was also obtained through experiments. The comparison between the predicted values and the experimental values under the same conditions was carried out. The results show that the predicted values are found to be approximately consistent with the experimental values. The mean absolute percent error (MAPE) is 2.43% for the surface roughness and 2.61% for the applied voltage.

A discontinuity of magnetic circuits according to the end effect is generated in the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). Due to the unbalanced back electro-motive force (EMF) and impedance produced, unbalanced current is generated. The circulating current, which is caused by a decrease in the thrust, is generated by the unbalanced current. The optimal design of auxiliary-teeth at the end of the mover was carried out to solve the unbalance of phase by using design of experiment (DOE), and compared with the basic model through finite element analysis (FEA). As a result, the auxiliary-teeth model compensates for the decrease of thrust caused by the unbalanced phase. Also, this model is proven to reduce the detent force by the vibration and noise of the PMLSM and copper loss caused by the circulating current.

The design and fabrication processes of a novel scanner with minimized coupling motions for a high-speed atomic force microscope (AFM) were addressed. An appropriate design modification was proposed through the analyses of the dynamic characteristics of existing linear motion stages using a dynamic analysis program, Recurdyn. Because the scanning speed of each direction may differ, the linear motion stage for a high-speed scanner was designed to have different resonance frequencies for the modes, with one dominant displacement in the desired directions. This objective was achieved by using one-direction flexure mechanisms for each direction and mounting one stage for fast motion on the other stage for slow motion. This unsymmetrical configuration separated the frequencies of two vibration modes with one dominant displacement in each desired direction, and hence suppressed the coupling between motions in two directions. A pair of actuators was used for each axis to decrease the crosstalk between the two motions and give a sufficient force to actuate the slow motion stage, which carried the fast motion stage. A lossy material, such as grease, was inserted into the flexure hinge to suppress vibration problems that occurred when using an input triangular waveform. With these design modifications and the vibration suppression method, a novel scanner with a scanning speed greater than 20 Hz is achieved.

The purpose of this study is to develop a twin wheel creep-feed grinding machine using continuous dressing to machine precise axisymmetric turbine blades that have been difficult to machine using a conventional creep-feed machine. In order to develop such a machine, 3D-modeling and machine simulations were performed and a twin wheel creep-feed grinding machine was manufactured. Furthermore, the axisymmetric precision of the machined workpieces through practical machining was evaluated and the quality of the continuous dressing effect of the developed machine was established. In addition, experimental considerations for a proper dresser-to-wheel speed ratio and proper feed rate of the dresser were carried out. As a result, a twin wheel creep-feed grinding machine with continuous dressing is developed through machine simulation, manufacturing and performance evaluation. Optimum condition for the dresser feed rate is 0.3 μm/rev. In cases of large dressor-to-wheel speed ratio, grinding efficiency can be enhanced, but the surface roughness shows a conflicting trend. Developed twin wheel creep-feed grinding machine has satisfactory appraisal with regard to surface roughness, flatness, and parallelism. Satisfactory surface roughness below 0.1 μm can be obtained for the blade of aircraft. However, in order to perform precise machining, it is necessary to improve the structure of the twin wheel creep-feed grinding machine.

A finite element model was established for analyzing the geometric errors in turning operations and a two-step analyzing process was proposed. In the first analyzing step, the cutting force and the cutting heat for the cutting conditions were obtained using the AdvantEdge. Also, the deformation of a workpiece was estimated in the second step using the ANSYS. The deformation was analyzed for a 150 mm-long workpiece at three different measuring points, such as 10, 70 and 130 mm from a reference point, and the amounts of the deformation were compared through experiments. In the results of the comparison and analysis, the values obtained from these comparison and analysis represent similar tendencies. Also, it is verified that their geometric errors increase with the increase in temperature. In addition, regarding the factors that affect the deformation of a workpiece, it can be seen that the geometric error in the lathe is about 15%, the error caused by the cutting force is about 10%, and the deformation caused by the heat is about 75%.

The wear rate between the rotors of a hypotrochoidal gear pump is characterized. Using the knowledge of shape design on the rotors, the contact stresses without hydrodynamic effect between the rotor teeth were evaluated through the calculation of the Hertzian contact stress. Based on the above results and the sliding velocity between the rotors, a genetic algorithm (GA) was used as an optimization technique for minimizing the wear rate proportional factor (WRPF). The result shows that the wear rate or the WRPF can be reduced considerably, e.g. approximately 12.8%, throughout the optimization using GA.

The multi-layer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) alignment system aims at the inter-process automation between the first and the second plastic processes. As a result of testing performance verification of MLCC alignment system, the average alignment rates are 95% for 3216 chip, 88.5% for 2012 chip and 90.8% for 3818 chip. The MLCC alignment system can be accepted for practical use because the average manual alignment is just 80%. In other words, the developed MLCC alignment system has been upgraded to a great extent, compared with manual alignment. Based on the successfully developed MLCC alignment system, the optimal transfer conditions have been explored by using RSM. The simulations using ADAMS® has been performed according to the cube model of CCD. By using MiniTAB®, the model of response surface has been established based on the simulation results. The optimal conditions resulted from the response optimization tool of MiniTAB® has been verified by being assigned to the prototype of MLCC alignment system.

Numerical study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of combined heat transfer of radiation, conduction and convection in indirect near infrared ray (NIR) heating chamber. The effects of important design parameters such as the shape of heat absorbing cylinder and heat releasing fin on the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient were analyzed with different Reynolds numbers. The Reynolds numbers were varied from 10³ to 3×10⁶, which was defined based on the hydraulic diameter of the heat absorbing cylinder. Analyses were performed to obtain the inner and outer flow and the temperature distributions in the heat absorbing cylinder and the rates of radiation heat transfer and convection heat transfer. As the Reynolds number increases, the convection heat transfer rate is increased while the radiation heat transfer rate is decreased. The average convection heat transfer rate follows a power rule of the Reynolds number. Addition of three-dimensional heat releasing fin to the outside of the heat absorbing cylinder enhances the convection heat transfer.

In order to utilize integrated passive technology in printed circuit boards (PCBs), manufacturing processing for integrated resistors by lamination method was investigated. Integrated resistors fabricated from Ohmega technologies in the experiment were 1 408 pieces per panel with four different patterns A, B, C and D and four resistance values of 25, 50, 75 and 100 Ω. Six panel per batch and four batches were performed totally. The testing was done for 960 pieces of integrated resistors randomly selected with the same size. The value distribution ranges and the relative standard deviation (RSD) show that the scatter degree of the resistance decreases with the resistor size increasing and/or with the resistance increasing. Patterns D with resistance of 75 and 100 Ω for four patterns have the resistance value variances less than 10%. Patterns C and D with resistance of 100 Ω have the manufacturing tolerance less than 10%. The process capabilities are from about 0.6 to 1.6 for the designed testing patterns, which shows that the integrated resistors fabricated have the potential to be used in multilayer PCBs in the future.

A novel device, lateral PIN photodiode gated by transparent electrode (LPIN PD-GTE) fabricated on fully-depleted SOI film was proposed. ITO film was adopted in the device as gate electrode to reduce the light absorption. Thin Si film was fully depleted under gate voltage to achieve low dark current and high photo-to-dark current ratio. The model of gate voltage was obtained and the numerical simulations were presented by ATLAS. Current-voltage characteristics of LPIN PD-GTE obtained in dark (dark current) and under 570 nm illumination (photo current) were studied to achieve the greatest photo-to-dark current ratio for active channel length from 2 to 12 μm. The results show that the photo-to-dark current ratio is 2.0×10⁷, with dark current of around 5×10⁻⁴ pA under V_GK=0.6 V, P_IN=5 mW/cm², for a total area of 10 μm×10 μm in fully depleted SOI technology. Thus, the LPIN PD-GTE can be suitable for high-grade photoelectric systems such as blue DVD.

Facing the problems lack of considering the non-uniform distribution of the static bias magnetic field and computing the particle displacements in the simulation model of electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT), a multi-field coupled model was established and the finite element method (FEM) was presented to calculate the entire transduction process. The multi-field coupled model included the static magnetic field, pulsed eddy current field and mechanical field. The FEM equations of the three fields were derived by Garlerkin FEM method. Thus, the entire transduction process of the EMAT was calculated through sequentially coupling the three fields. The transduction process of a Lamb wave EMAT was calculated according to the present model and method. The results show that, by the present method, it is valid to calculate the particle displacement under the given excitation signal and non-uniformly distributed static magnetic field. Calculation error will be brought about if the non-uniform distribution of the static bias magnetic field is neglected.

The electro-hydraulic servo system was studied to cancel the amplitude attenuation and phase delay of its sinusoidal response, by developing a network using normalized least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive filtering algorithm. The command input was corrected by weights to generate the desired input for the algorithm, and the feedback was brought into the feedback correction, whose output was the weighted feedback. The weights of the normalized LMS adaptive filtering algorithm were updated on-line according to the estimation error between the desired input and the weighted feedback. Thus, the updated weights were copied to the input correction. The estimation error was forced to zero by the normalized LMS adaptive filtering algorithm such that the weighted feedback was equal to the desired input, making the feedback track the command. The above concept was used as a basis for the development of amplitude phase control. The method has good real-time performance without estimating the system model. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed amplitude phase control can efficiently cancel the amplitude attenuation and phase delay with high precision.

A new adaptive Type-2 (T2) fuzzy controller was developed and its potential performance advantage over adaptive Type-1 (T1) fuzzy control was also quantified in computer simulation. Base on the Lyapunov method, the adaptive laws with guaranteed system stability and convergence were developed. The controller updates its parameters online using the laws to control a system and tracks its output command trajectory. The simulation study involving the popular inverted pendulum control problem shows theoretically predicted system stability and good tracking performance. And the comparison simulation experiments subjected to white noise or step disturbance indicate that the T2 controller is better than the T1 controller by 0–18%, depending on the experiment condition and performance measure.

The quality prediction of tube hollow model based on the variance staged multiway partial least square (MPLS) method was proposed. The key aspects of staged decomposition of the productive data, calculation of the variance value, modeling, and on-lined prediction in the variance-staged MPLS method were introduced. Based on the model, iterative optimal control method was used for quality control of tube hollow. The experimental results show that the obvious benefits of this method are low maintenance cost, good real time function, high reliability precision, and practical application to on-line prediction and optimization on the quality of tube hollow.

An efficient unbiased estimation method is proposed for the direct identification of linear continuous-time system with noisy input and output measurements. Using the Gaussian modulating filters, by numerical integration, an equivalent discrete identification model which is parameterized with continuous-time model parameters is developed, and the parameters can be estimated by the least-squares (LS) algorithm. Even with white noises in input and output measurement data, the LS estimate is biased, and the bias is determined by the variances of noises. According to the asymptotic analysis, the relationship between bias and noise variances is derived. One equation relating to the measurement noise variances is derived through the analysis of the LS errors. Increasing the degree of denominator of the system transfer function by one, an extended model is constructed. By comparing the true value and LS estimates of the parameters between original and extended model, another equation with input and output noise variances is formulated. So, the noise variances are resolved by the set of equations, the LS bias is eliminated and the unbiased estimates of system parameters are obtained. A simulation example by comparing the standard LS with bias eliminating LS algorithm indicates that the proposed algorithm is an efficient method with noisy input and output measurements.

Data stream management system (DSMS) provides convenient solutions to the problem of processing continuous queries on data streams. Previous approaches for scheduling these queries and their operators assume that each operator runs in separate thread or all operators combine in one query plan and run in a single thread. Both approaches suffer from severe drawbacks concerning the thread overhead and the stalls due to expensive operators. To overcome these drawbacks, a novel approach called clustered operators scheduling (COS) is proposed that adaptively clusters operators of the query plan into a number of groups based on their selectivity and computing cost using S-mean clustering. Experimental evaluation is provided to demonstrate the potential benefits of COS scheduling over the other scheduling strategies. COS can provide adaptive, flexible, reliable, scalable and robust design for continuous query processor.

To solve the highly nonlinear and non-Gaussian recursive state estimation problem in geomagnetic navigation, the unscented particle filter (UPF) was introduced to navigation system. The simulation indicates that geomagnetic navigation using UPF could complete the position estimation with large initial horizontal position errors. However, this navigation system could only provide the position information. To provide all the kinematics states estimation of aircraft, a novel autonomous navigation algorithm, named unscented particle and Kalman hybrid navigation algorithm (UPKHNA), was proposed for geomagnetic navigation. The UPKHNA used the output of UPF and barometric altimeter as position measurement, and employed the Kalman filter to estimate the kinematics states of aircraft. The simulation shows that geomagnetic navigation using UPKHNA could provide all the kinematics states estimation of aircraft continuously, and the horizontal positioning performance is better than that only using the UPF.

An explicit congestion notification (ECN)-based distributed transport protocol, ARROW-WTCP (AcceleRate tRansmission towards Optimal Window size TCP for Wireless network), was proposed. The ARROW-WTCP enables feasible deployment of ARROW-TCP from wired to wireless networks by providing a joint design of source and router algorithms. The protocol obtains the actual capacity of the wireless channel by calculating the queue variation in base station (BS) and adjusts the congestion window by using the feedback from its bottleneck link. The simulation results show that the ARROW-WTCP achieves strong stability, max-min fairness in dynamic networks, fast convergence to efficiency without introducing much excess traffic, and almost full link utilization in the steady state. It outperforms the XCP-B (eXplicit Control Protocol Blind), the wireless version of XCP, in terms of stability, fairness, convergence and utilization in wireless networks.

A super-resolution reconstruction approach of radar image using an adaptive-threshold singular value decomposition (SVD) technique was presented, and its performance was analyzed, compared and assessed detailedly. First, radar imaging model and super-resolution reconstruction mechanism were outlined. Then, the adaptive-threshold SVD super-resolution algorithm, and its two key aspects, namely the determination method of point spread function (PSF) matrix T and the selection scheme of singular value threshold, were presented. Finally, the super-resolution algorithm was demonstrated successfully using the measured synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images, and a Monte Carlo assessment was carried out to evaluate the performance of the algorithm by using the input/output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Five versions of SVD algorithms, namely 1) using all singular values, 2) using the top 80% singular values, 3) using the top 50% singular values, 4) using the top 20% singular values and 5) using singular values s such that s²≥max(s²)/r_inSNR were tested. The experimental results indicate that when the singular value threshold is set as s_max/(r_inSNR)^1/2, the super-resolution algorithm provides a good compromise between too much noise and too much bias and has good reconstruction results.

Under consideration that the profiles of bands at close wavelengths are quite similar and the curvelets are good at capturing profiles, a junk band recovery algorithm for hyperspectral data based on curvelet transform is proposed. Both the noisy bands and the noise-free bands are transformed via curvelet band by band. The high frequency coefficients in junk bands are replaced with linear interpolation of the high frequency coefficients in noise-free bands, and the low frequency coefficients remain the same to keep the main spectral characteristics from being distorted. Junk bands then are recovered after the inverse curvelet transform. The performance of this method is tested on the hyperspectral data cube obtained by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). The experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional denoising method BayesShrink and the art-of-state Curvelet Shrinkage in both roots of mean square error (RMSE) and peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of recovered bands.

The Circle algorithm was proposed for large datasets. The idea of the algorithm is to find a set of vertices that are close to each other and far from other vertices. This algorithm makes use of the connection between clustering aggregation and the problem of correlation clustering. The best deterministic approximation algorithm was provided for the variation of the correlation of clustering problem, and showed how sampling can be used to scale the algorithms for large datasets. An extensive empirical evaluation was given for the usefulness of the problem and the solutions. The results show that this method achieves more than 50% reduction in the running time without sacrificing the quality of the clustering.

A rate equation approach was presented for the exact computation of the three vertex degree correlations of the fixed act-size collaboration networks. Measurements of the three vertex degree correlations were based on a rate equation in the continuous degree and time approximation for the average degree of the nearest neighbors of vertices of degree k, with an appropriate boundary condition. The rate equation proposed can be generalized in more sophisticated growing network models, and also extended to deal with related correlation measurements. Finally, in order to check the theoretical prediction, a numerical example was solved to demonstrate the performance of the degree correlation function.

The C-C method was adopted to analyze the nonlinear characteristics of masseter electromyography (EMG) signals and the chaotic degree by the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) of different genders and sides. First, the embedding dimension and the delay time were obtained through this method, then the phase space was reconstructed to resume the chaotic attractor and determine the LLE. The result shows that the trajectory of attractor is denser than Chen’s attractor, and the LLE is positive, which means that not only the signal has the character of chaos, but also the chaotic degree of masseter EMG is relatively high. According to the value of the LLE, the chaotic degree of men’s masseter EMG is higher than that of women’s; when the dentition is normal, the chaotic degree of two sides is almost the same. Then, a conclusion can be deduced that if the LLE of both sides are in great difference, the unilateral mastication is likely to exist, which means that the nonlinear characteristics of masseter EMG can be applied to predict the unilateral mastication.

The effects of aggressive peat nature (pH) on the strength of peat treated by cement and cement-sodium silicate grout were investigated by evaluating the changes in unconfined compressive strength, moisture content, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of samples with time in different pH media. The results indicate that peats treated by cement-silicate have higher strength than peats treated by cement, due to an increase in pH value of the media. Furthermore, cement and cement-silicate are highly effective in reducing the moisture content and void ratio of the treated peats. The microstructures of treated peats support the laboratory test results.

Two-dimensional images of the granular ore media with different grain sizes were obtained from the X-ray computed tomography. Combined with the digital image processing and finite element techniques, the original grayscale images were transformed into the finite element models directly. By using these models, the simulations of pore scale fluid flow among particles were conducted with the COMSOL Multiphysics, and the distribution characteristics of fluid flow velocity and pressure were analyzed. The simulation results show that there exist obvious preferential flow and leaching blind zone in each granular medium. The flow velocity at pore throat is larger than that of pore body and the largest velocity reaches 0.22 m/s. The velocity decreases gradually from the center of pore throat and body to the surface of particles. The flow paths of granular media with larger grain size distribute equally, while the fluid flow velocities in most of areas of granular media with smaller grain size are lower, and some of them approach to zero, so the permeability is very low. There exist some pore clusters with different pressures, which is the basic reason for the uneven flow velocity distribution.

Batch experiments were conducted to study the adsorption of phenol on clay-solidified grouting curtain (CSGC) and the effects of contact time, pH and adsorbent concentration on the adsorption were investigated. Under the experimental conditions used, 2 d was adequate to determine the equilibrium of phenol adsorption onto CSGC. The amount of phenol adsorbed by CSGC from an initial concentration of 100 mg/L was found to be 8.4 mg/g. The adsorption process includes particle diffusion and liquid film diffusion, and the latter is the predominating step of the adsorption process. The adsorption ability of CSGC decreased with pH but it increased non-linearly with the CSGC concentration. The optimized concentration for CSGC was found to be 20 g/L for the adsorption of 100 mg/L phenol.

Based on the image theory, the analytical solutions of tunneling-induced ground displacement were derived in conjunction with the nonuniform convergence model. The reasonable value of Poisson ratio in the analytical solution was discussed. The ground settlement width parameter which could reflect the ground condition was introduced to modify the analytical solutions proposed above, and new analytical solutions were presented. To evaluate the validity of the present solutions using the nonuniform convergence model, the results were compared with the observed values for four engineering projects, including 38 measured data of ground settlement. The agreement shows that the present solutions using the nonuniform convergence model are effective for evaluating the tunneling-induced ground displacements.

Deep rock mass possesses some unusual properties due to high earth stress, which further result in new problems that have not been well understood and explained up to date. In order to investigate the deformation mechanism, the complete deformation process of deep rock mass, with a great emphasis on local shear deformation stage, was analyzed in detail. The quasi continuous shear deformation of the deep rock mass is described by a combination of smooth functions: the averaged distribution of the original deformation field, and the local discontinuities along the slip lines. Hence, an elasto-plastic model is established for the shear deformation process, in which the rotational displacement is taken into account as well as the translational component. Numerical analysis method was developed for case study. Deformation process of a tunnel under high earth stress was investigated for verification.

In order to study the uplifting effect of compensation grouting on ground surface and the upper structures, the ground heave induced by stratum expansion was considered as a stochastic process and the stochastic medium theory was applied to determine the heave and deformation of ground surface under uniform and non-uniform expansion models of spherical grout bulb. The corresponding calculating formulas and simplified methods were derived based on the hypotheses of radial expansion. Then, a numerical model, in which radial velocity was imposed on the outer nodes of grout bulb to simulate the expansion process reaching a required volume strain, was established simultaneously. This new method avoids repeated trial calculation needed in the traditional method which applies a “fictitious” expanding pressure in the grouting elements. The results show that the numerical solutions have good consistency with the theoretical ones. Meanwhile, though the heave resulting from non-uniform expansion is larger than that from uniform expansion for shallow grouting, both of them tend to be convergent with the increasing of grouting depth.

For the sake of understanding the deterioration behavior of concrete in actual railway tunnel structures subjected to aggressive sulfate medium in practice, detailed field investigations and tested analysis on sprayed concrete linings of approximately 40-year-old railway tunnels in environments containing sulfate ion were carried out, respectively. The results show that the deterioration of concretes in the investigated area is serious, which involves complicated physicochemical process between the sulfate salt and concrete. Among them, the secondary sulfate minerals such as gypsum formation under very high concentration sulfate ion condition by accumulating and evaporation process dominate, followed by the crystallization of sulfate salt and formation of thaumasite.

An element coupling model (ECM) method was proposed to simulate the global behavior and local damage of a structure. In order to reflect the local damage and improve the computational efficiency, three-dimensional (3D) solid elements and one-dimensional (1D) beam element were coupled by the multi-point constraint equations. A reduced scale 1:8 model test was simulated by the ECM and a full three dimensional model (3DM) contrastively. The results show that the global behavior and local damages of ECM agree well with the test and 3DM. It is indicated that the proposed method can be used in the structural nonlinear analysis accurately and efficiently.

The purpose of this study is to forecast the profitable oil and gas reservoir, which is the key of finding hydrocarbon, based on the conception of special geologic bodies. With the guiding methodology of the research thinking of integration of point-line-surface by using the methods and techniques of logging, seismic, seismic attribute, and logging constrained inversion in 3D data volume, the special geologic bodies of Member 3 of Dongying Formation in Littoral Slope Zone of Qikou Sag, which has important hydrocarbon exploration potential, are recognized and described under the constraint of sequence stratigraphic framework. As a result, the developed scale, geometric shape and space distribution feature of the special geologic bodies are forecasted; the inner structure and sequence structure patterns of the geologic bodies are also ascertained. From the lowstand system tract (LST) and lacustrine expanding system tract (EST) to the highstand system tract (HST), the geologic bodies have evolved from relative centralization of lake basin reducing period to three relative dispersive isolated parts of broad lake basin period. According to the relevance and regularity of the development of geologic bodies, the conclusions can be obtained that three types of potential profitable reservoir traps, including the lithologic lens traps, lithologic updip pinchout traps and structural-lithologic composite traps, are forecasted. In addition, scientific basis for further hydrocarbon exploration in new area (few-well area and no-well area) is offered in the guidance of sequence stratigraphic model.

A three-dimensional finite element simulation was carried out to investigate the effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation. The displacement controlled model (DCM) was used to simulate the tunneling-induced volume loss effects. The numerical model was verified based on the results of a centrifuge test and a set of parametric studies was implemented based on this model. There is good agreement between the trend of the results of the centrifuge test and the present model. The results of parametric studies show that the tunnelling-induced pile internal force and deformation depend mainly on the pile-tunnel distance, the pile length to tunnel depth ratio and the volume loss. Two different zones are separated by a 45° line projected from the tunnel springline. Within the zone of influence, the pile is subjected to tensile force and large settlement; whereas outside the zone of influence, dragload and small settlement are induced. It is also established that the impact of tunnelling on a pile group is substantially smaller as compared with a single pile in the same location with the rear pile in a group, demonstrating a positive pile group effect.

The study was motivated by the fact that explosion inside the subway structure may not only cause direct life loss, but also damage the subway structure and lead to further loss of lives and properties. The propagation law of explosion wave in the subway station was analyzed and a simplified model of overpressure in the subway station was also proposed. Whereafter, the improved dynamic cam-clay model of soil and the concrete damaged plasticity constitutive model were used for the dynamic analysis of the subway station. Meanwhile, the influences of soil stiffness and burial depth on the dynamic response of the subway station were looked into. The results show that the multi-peak overpressure in the subway station does not appear, and large stresses concentrate on the central column and the floor slab of the subway station, so some special reinforcement measures should be taken in these parts. The effect of soil stiffness and burial depth on the stress of the central column is little; however, the effect on the stress of the station side wall is relatively obvious.

Five multiparameter empirical criteria were exclusively evaluated by comparing them with the strength data covering various stress conditions to find out which failure criterion best fits the test data and describes the mechanical behavior of the salt rock sequence (halite, bedded composite specimens and anhydrite interlayers). Full-scale comparison of all criteria for the three rock types was conducted based on five standard statistics calculated from least squares curve-fitting, which measures both the goodness of fitting and the quality of future prediction. The results indicate that all five nonlinear criteria with a basic power form are efficient in predicting the strength trend in the low tension area as well as in the high compression area of the soft rocks. The parameters obtained for the bedded rock salt are somewhat in the ones for the “pure” rocks and are even closer to those obtained for the halite. The generalized Hoek-Brown criterion is proven to perform best to two rock strength data followed by one for the Bieniawski empirical criterion, thus is the best candidate for the analysis of the salt rock. The Sheorey empirical criterion consistently achieves an intermediate performance for all the three rocks. It seems that the superiority of the poly-axial criteria (the Mogi 1967 criterion and the N-type criterion) over the former three triaxial criteria no longer exists when applied to the conventional triaxial strength data. Besides, the method of tension cut-off was proposed to solve the ambiguity problem of the two poly-axial criteria in the tension field in the plane of the major (σ₁) and minor principal stress (σ₃).

Four-point bending tests were conducted up to failure on eleven reinforced concrete (RC) beams and strengthening beams to study the effectiveness of externally pouring ultra high toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) on improving the flexural behavior of existing RC beams. The strengthening materials included UHTCC and high strength grade concrete. The parameters, such as thickness and length of strengthening layer and reinforcement in post-poured layer, were analyzed. The flexural behavior, failure mode and crack propagation of composite beams were investigated. The test results show that the strengthening layer improves the cracking and ultimate load by increasing the cross section area. Introducing UHTCC material into strengthening not only improves the bearing capacity of the original specimens, but also disperses larger cracks in upper concrete into multiple tightly-spaced fine cracks, thus prolonging the appearance of harm surface cracks and increasing the durability of existing structures. Compared with post-poured concrete, UHTCC is more suitable for working together with reinforcement. The load-deflection plots obtained from three-dimensional finite-element model (FEM) analyses are compared with those obtained from the experimental results, and show close correlation.

In order to perfectly reflect the dynamic corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) cover in practical engineering, an analytic model of non-uniform corrosion induced cracking was presented based on the elastic-plastic fracture mechanics theory. Comparisons with the published experimental data show that the predictions given by the present model are in good agreement with the results both for natural exposed experiments and short-time indoor tests (the best difference is about 2.7%). Also it obviously provides much better precision than those models under the assumption of uniform corrosion (the maximal improved precision is about 48%). Therefore, it is pointed out that the so-called uniform corrosion models to describe the cover cracking of RC should be adopted cautiously. Finally, the influences of thickness of local rusty layer around the reinforcing steel bar on the critical corrosion-induced crack indexes were investigated. It is found that the thickness of local rusty layer has great effect on the critical mass loss of reinforcing steel, threshold expansion pressure, and time to cover cracking. For local rusty layer thickness with a size of a = 0.5 mm, the time to cover cracking will increase by about one times when a/b (a, semi-minor axis; b, semi-major axis) changes from 0.1 to 1 mm.

Aimed at two typical composite floor systems of through steel bridges in high speed railway, design methods of headed studs were put forward for different composite members through comparing and analyzing the structure, mechanical characteristics and transmission routes of deck loads. The simplified calculation models were brought out for the stud design of the longitudinal girders and transverse girders in the composite floor system of Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge (NDB). Studs were designed and arranged by taking the middle panel of 336 m main span for example. The results show that under deck loads, the longitudinal girders in the composite floor system of through steel bridges are in tension-bending state, longitudinal shear force on the interface is caused by both longitudinal force of “The first mechanical system” and vertical bending of “The second mechanical system”, and studs can be arranged with equal space in terms of the shear force in range of 0.2d (where d is the panel length) on the top ends. Transverse girders in steel longitudinal and transverse girders-concrete slab composite deck are in compound-bending state, and out-of-plane bending has to be taken into account in the stud design. In orthotropic integral steel deck-concrete slab composite deck, out-of-plane bending of transverse girders is very small so that it can be neglected, and studs on the orthotropic integral steel deck can be arranged according to the structural requirements. The above design methods and simplified calculation models have been applied in the stud design of NDB.