Any tidal defense engineering involves the collection and analysis of massive information about engineering structures and their surrounding environment. Traditional method, which is carried out mainly by means of two-dimensional drawings and textures, is not efficient and intuitive enough to analyze the whole project and reflect its spatial relationship. Three-dimensional visual simulation provides an advanced technical means of solving this problem. In this paper, triangular irregular network (TIN) model simplified by non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) technique was used to establish the digital terrain model (DTM) of a super large region. Simulation of dynamic water surface was realized by combining noise function with sine wave superposition method. Models of different objects were established with different modeling techniques according to their characteristics. Application of texture mapping technology remarkably improved the authenticity of the models. Taking the tidal defense engineering in the new coastal region of Tianjin as a case study, three-dimensional visual simulation and dynamic roaming of the study area were realized, providing visual analysis and visible demonstration method for the management and emergency decision-making associated with construction.

Cover-bearing-type bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines has been paid more and more attention due to its low cost and great bearing capacity. In order to ensure the cover-bearing mode, the muddy soil inside the bucket foundation should be reinforced by some soil consolidation methods, such as negative pressure and electroosmosis. Firstly, tests were conducted to obtain the reasonable current density. Meanwhile, to improve the electroosmotic speed and effectiveness, other factors such as intermittent power and layout of electrode, were also studied in the tests. Then, the soil reinforcing tests by negative pressure combined with electro-osmosis were performed for the muddy soil consolidation inside the bucket foundation. The results showed that soil reinforcement by negative pressure was quicker and more obvious during the early phase, and electro-osmotic method can affect more range of soil by rational arrangement of electrodes. Compared with negative pressure, the electro-osmotic method was a continuous and relatively slow process of reinforcement, which was complementary to the negative pressure method. The voltage value of electro-osmosis had little effect on the muddy soil reinforcement inside the bucket foundation, and 1.5 A was chosen as the most reasonable current value for scale model testing in the electro-osmotic method.

Experiments were conducted in a U-shaped open-channel flume with the intention of investigating the bursting phenomena in the meander channel. The experimental results of the secondary flow fields and the Reynolds shear stress distributions show that the velocity and velocity fluctuation in the transverse direction are not negligible. Moreover, the bursting process is investigated using the three-dimensional quadrant analysis, which is more accurate than using the traditional two-dimensional quadrant analysis for the meandering channel. It is obtained from the experimental results that the internal group of events occurs more frequently than the external group, particularly the internal ejection and internal sweep events. In addition, the transition probabilities of the movements, which are defined as the changes of events from the current situation to the next situation in a time series, show that the stable organizations of events are the most possible movements, whereas the cross organizations of events have the least possible movements.

A comprehensive evaluation model based on improved set pair analysis is established. Considering the complexity in decision-making process, the model combines the certainties and uncertainties in the schemes, i.e., identical degree, different degree and opposite degree. The relations among different schemes are studied, and the traditional way of solving uncertainty problem is improved. By using the gray correlation to determine the difference degree, the problem of less evaluation indexes and inapparent linear relationship is solved. The difference between the evaluation parameters is smaller in both the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and fuzzy matter-element method, and the dipartite degree of the evaluation result is unobvious. However, the difference between each integrated connection degree is distinct in the improved set pair analysis. Results show that the proposed method is feasible and it obtains better effects than the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and fuzzy matter-element method.

An efficient adaptive approximation demosaicking algorithm based on the sampled edge pattern was presented for mosaic images from Bayer color filter array. The proposed algorithm determined edge patterns by four nearest green values surrounding the green interpolation location. Then according to the edge patterns, different adaptive interpolation steps were applied. Simulations on 12 Kodak photos and 15 IMAX high-quality images showed that the proposed method outperformed the other four demosaicking methods (bilinear, effective color interpolation, Lu’s method and Chen’s method) for average color peak signal to noise ratios and maintained a relatively low complexity owing to constant color-difference interpolation step and a reasonable terminating condition of iteration.

The incompatible probability represents an important non-classical phenomenon, and it describes conflicting observed marginal probabilities, which cannot be satisfied with a joint probability. First, the incompatibility of random variables was defined and discussed via the non-positive semi-definiteness of their covariance matrixes. Then, a method was proposed to verify the existence of incompatible probability for variables. A hypothesis testing was also applied to reexamine the likelihood of the observed marginal probabilities being integrated into a joint probability space, thus showing the statistical significance of incompatible probability cases. A case study with user click-through data provided the initial evidence of the incompatible probability in information retrieval (IR), particularly in user interaction. The experiments indicate that both incompatible and compatible cases can be found in IR data, and informational queries are more likely to be compatible than navigational queries. The results inspire new theoretical perspectives of modeling the complex interactions and phenomena in IR.

Lattice-matched InAlN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on sapphire substrate by using low-pressure metallorganic chemical vapor deposition were prepared, and the comprehensive DC characteristics were implemented by Keithley 4200 Semiconductor Characterization System. The experimental results indicated that a maximum drain current over 400 mA/mm and a peak external transconductance of 215 mS/mm can be achieved in the initial HEMTs. However, after the devices endured a 10-h thermal aging in furnace under nitrogen condition at 300 °C, the maximum reduction of saturation drain current and external transconductance at high gate-source voltage and drain-source voltage were 30% and 35%, respectively. Additionally, an increased drain-source leakage current was observed at three-terminal off-state. It was inferred that the degradation was mainly related to electron-trapping defects in the InAlN barrier layer.

A switched-current sample-and-hold circuit with low charge injection was proposed. To obtain low noise and charge injection, the zero-voltage switching was used to remove the signal-dependent charge injection, and the signal-independent charge injection was reduced by removing the feed-through voltage from the input port of the memory transistor directly. This current sample-and-hold circuit was implemented using CMOS 180 nm 1.8 V technology. For a 0.8 MHz sinusoidal signal input, the simulated signal-to-noise and distortion ratio and total harmonic distortion were improved from 53.74 dB and −51.24 dB to 56.53 dB and −54.36 dB at the sampling rate of 20 MHz respectively, with accuracy of 9.01 bit and power consumption of 0.44 mW.

The influence of solvent (in its gaseous state) on the stability of crystallized organic compounds was investigated. Through two examples of studies on the solid/vapour equilibria made in our lab, several behaviors were highlighted: (i) a new hydrated phase (thermodynamically stable) of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was detected after the recrystallization starting from a deliquescent state, (ii) a spontaneous resolution of a hydrated racemic compound towards an anhydrous conglomerate can occur during the desolvation under the precise conditions of temperature and humidity. This study illustrates that knowledge about solid/vapour equilibrium is a crucial step during the complete characterization of solid organic compounds.

Heparin was grafted onto polycarbonate urethane (PCU) surface via a three-step procedure utilizing, αω-diamino-poly(ethylene glycol) (APEG, M _n=2 000) as a spacer. In the first step, isocyanate functional groups were introduced onto PCU surface by the treatment of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in the presence of di-n-butyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as a catalyst. In the second step, APEG was linked to the PCU surface to obtain the APEG conjugated PCU surface (PCU-APEG). In the third step, heparin was covalently coupled with PCU-APEG in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamidopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC). The amount of heparin (1.639 μg/cm²) covalently immobilized on the PCU-APEG surface was determined by the toluidine blue method. The modified surface was characterized by water contact angle, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hemocompatibility was preliminarily studied by platelet adhesion test. The results indicated that heparin was successfully grafted onto the PCU surface, and meanwhile the hydrophilicity and hemocompatibility of the modified PCU surface were improved significantly compared with the blank PCU surface.

Laser plays an important role in synthesizing nanometer material. A three-dimensional mathematical model is established in this paper when single pulsed millisecond laser shocks the surface of the metal target at a liquid-solid interface. By changing laser power density and target size, the temperature field variation of the metal target is investigated. Results show that the generation process of nanoparticles includes heating, melting and boiloff.

In petrochemical plant, the in-operation repairing is usually a repairing strategy with pressured inoperation repairing for avoiding huge economic losses caused by unplanned shutdown when some slight local leakage happens in pipes. This paper studies the effects of repairing strategies on the failure probability of the pipe systems in process industries based on the time-average fault tree approach, especially the in-operation repairing strategies including pressured in-operation repairing activities. The fault tree model can predict the effect of different repairing plans on the pipe failure probability, which is significant to the optimization of the repairing plans. At first pipes are distinguished into four states in this model, i.e., successive state, flaw state, leakage state and failure state. Then the fault tree approach, which is usually applied in the studies of dynamic equipment, is adopted to model the pipe failure. Moreover, the effect of pressured in-operation repairing is also considered in the model. In addition, this paper proposes a series of time-average parameters of the fault tree model, all of which are used to calculate node parameters of the fault tree model. At last, a practical case is calculated based on the fault tree model in a repairing activity of pipe thinning.