A novel cationic photosensitive resin (3DSLR-01) for stereolithography 3D printing was prepared with 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (2021P), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol glycidyl ether (JX-026), diglycidyl 4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (S-186), polycaprolactone polyol(Polyol-0305), novolac epoxy resin(F-51), bis(3-ethyl-3-oxetanylmethyl) ether (S-221) and a mixture of triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts solution (UVI-6976). The properties of the photosensitive resin and its UV-cured films were investigated by some instruments and equipment. The experimental results show that the critical exposure (E _c) of the photosensitive resin is 16.3 mJ/cm², the penetration depth (D _p) is 0.14 mm, and the optical property of the photosensitive resin is excellent. Rectangle plates were printed by using a stereolithography apparatus (HRPL-150A) with the photosensitive resin as the manufacturing material, and the shrinkage rates of the plates were less than 0.60%, which showed that the accuracy of the manufactured plates was very high.

Based on the experimental analysis and theoretical calculation, the self-propagating high temperature synthesis of TiB₂/Fe composite was studied. The experimental results show that the interfacial between TiB₂ and Fe was smooth and clear, and the composite bending strength increased with the addition of Fe, however, the hardness decreased accordingly. The thermodynamics of the composites preparation process was calculated. The calculation results show that the primary chemical reaction was the reaction between Ti and B. The extra B can react with Fe, producing the brittle phase Fe₂B. By increasing Ti, the production of Fe₂B will decrease and a few of Ti-Fe intermetallic compound will be produced by the reaction between Ti and Fe in the composites. Finally, according to the Merzhanov condition of the adiabatic system, it is concluded that the Fe content must be selected between 16.3% and 54.3% by the thermodynamics temperature of reaction calculation.

To investigate the evolution of microstructure and wear behavior of TiSiN coatings with the variation of Si in targets and lays the foundation for its controllable mass production, Ti_(1-x)Si _xN composite coatings were deposited onto Si (100) and cemented carbide substrates using TiSi targets with different Si content by cathodic arc ion plating. The influences of Si on the microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. Nano-amorphous composite structure appeared in the Ti_(1-x)Si _xN coatings when Si content in TiSi target was higher than 5at%. However, further increase of Si content in TiSi target exhibited a negligible effect on the microstructure of Ti_(1-x)Si _xN coatings. Hardness and deformation resistance were correlated to the content of Si in TiSi targets. Maximum hardness was obtained as the Si content in target increased up to 20at%. Friction coefficient and wear rate significantly decreased with addition of Si in TiN coating, and then dually increased with the increase of Si content in targets.

An optimal structure design of the lattice mismatched GaInP/GaInAs/Ge solar cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency was proposed. Two-dimensional Bi₂Te₃ and Sb₂Te₃ nanosheets were prepared by solvothermal synthesis method used as thermoelectric (TE) functional materials, which is further hybrid with high conductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). TE film was then fabricated based on above materials. The power factor of the n-type TE film is 19.31 μW/mK², and the power factor of the p-type TE film is 97.40 μW /mK². The flexible TE device was integrated with flexible solar cell. Compared with the single photovoltaic (PV) cell, the efficiency of the as-prepared flexible integrated device measured under the AM1.5 illumination is significantly improved. The efficiency of the two parallel tests is increased from 27.26% and 26.59%, to 29.11% and 28.92%, respectively. The increasing ratio reaches 6.7%–8.8%.

Ionic liquid modified silica nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple silane chemistry, followed by substitution reaction. The phenol adsorption performance was tested using temperature programmed desorption technique. The experimental results reveal that the introduction of ionic liquids on the surface of silica nanoparticles can improve the adsorption capacity of phenol compared to the pure silica nanoparticles. The initial adsorption capacity reaches 0.312 mmol·g⁻¹ at 25 °C under total pressure of 0.2 bar and it decreases slightly in the following adsorption-desorption cycles. The results demonstrate that introduction of ionic liquids can improve the phenol adsorption capacity and the simple material preparation process is feasible for industrial applications.

To improve corrosion and wear resistances of the Zirconium(Zr) based alloys which are widely applied in nuclear reactors and chemical corrosion-resistant equipment, a new surface modification scheme was designed to deposit a Zr₇₅Cu₂₅ coating on Zr substrate by using magnetron sputtering technique. The microstructure and the phase composition were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction measurements. The tribological properties and the corrosion resistance were investigated by performing reciprocating tribo-tester and electrochemical tests, respectively. It is found that the Zr₇₅Cu₂₅ coating is made up of a mixture of amorphous and α-(Zr) nanocrystalline phases. The nanocrystalline particles with a size of 5–10 nm are homogenously dispersed in the amorphous matrix. The Zr₇₅Cu₂₅ coating shows excellent tribological properties, due to the dispersion strengthen caused by the homogeneous distribution of α-(Zr) nano-size particles among the amorphous matrix. In addition, it is revealed that the Zr₇₅Cu₂₅ coating makes the Zr substrate exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, due to the robust passive film with a compact structure of the amorphous/nanocrystalline mixture.

In order to enhance the fracture toughness of mullite, three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced mullite (C/mullite) composites were prepared using the Al₂O₃-SiO₂ sol with a high solid content as raw material. Mullitization behavior of the sol was characterized. Then, the microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of C/mullite composites were investigated. It is found that the SiO₂-rich mullite with desirable sintering shrinkage can be synthesized at 1 300 °C from the sol with an Al₂0₃/SiO₂ mass ratio of 1:1. The C/mullite composites with a total porosity of 21.5% were fabricated by repeating 18 cycles of vacuum impregnation-drying-heat treatment, showing a flexural strength of 234.5 MPa and a fracture toughness of 13.1 MPa·m^1/2. Since carbon fibers were protected by compact matrix, the C/mullite composites show favorable oxidation resistance during 1 200 °C-1 600 °C even if an open porosity of 10.3% was detected.

Three CrN coatings were deposited on the Inconel X750 through the metal vapor vacuum arc ion implantation and the magnetic filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition system (MEVVA-FCVA) with the N2 flow rates of 10, 50, and 100 sccm, respectively. The surface morphologies and cross-section morphologies of the CrN coatings were obtained through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an optical profilometer. The microstructures of the coatings were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD). The hardness and the elastic modulus of the coatings were tested by a nano-hardness tester. The adhesion strength and friction coefficients were investigated through scratch tests and ball-on-disk tests and the wear tracks were tested by the optical profilometer. The experimental results indicate that the CrN coating deposited on the Inconel X750 substrate displays a uniform thickness and a smooth surface. The mechanical properties behaves well as the N2 flow rate varies. The CrN coating significantly reduces the friction coefficient fluctuation and improves the antiadhesion and anti-wear properties of the Inconel X750.

The polymeric admixture, the sodium-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) /poly sodium p-styrene sulfonate (PSS) / poly vinyl acetate (PVAc) was synthesized and applied in cement mortars. The polymer was tested by FTIR and SEM, and the results indicate that the ideal molecular structure is synthesized. The effect of addition amount of polymeric admixture and water-to-cement ratio on mechanical properties of cement mortars was studied. The polymer-modified mortars under the optimum water cement ratio and optimum polymer cement ratio, the flexural strength of polymer-modified mortars are 1.45, 1.21, and 1.17 times higher than the plain cement mortar at age of 3, 7, and 28 d, respectively. The compressive strength of polymer-modified mortars at age of 3, 7, and 28 d are 1.55, 1.40, and 1.2941 times higher than that of the plain cement mortar, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR and TG were used to analyze the effect of polymer emulsion on cement hydration reaction. The results show that the polymer emulsion can promote the hydration reaction of cement.

As potential wave-transparent materials applied at high temperatures, 3D BN_f/Si₃N₄ ceramic matrix composites were prepared by low pressure chemical vapor infiltration or deposition (LPCVI/ CVD) process from SiCl₄-NH₃-H₂-Ar gas precursor at 800 °C. The densification process, microstructure and dielectric properties of 3D BN_f/Si₃N₄ composites were investigated. The results indicated that 3D BN_f/ Si₃N₄ was successfully fabricated by LPCVI/CVD, with final open porosity of 2.37% and density of 1.89 g/ cm³. Densification kinetics of 3D BN_f/Si₃N₄ is a typical exponential pattern. The Si₃N₄ matrix was uniformly infiltrated into porous BN_f preform. The deposited Si₃N₄ matrix was amorphous by XRD analysis. Introduction of BN fiber into Si₃N₄ ceramic lowered the permittivity of Si₃N₄. The fabricated BN_f/Si₃N₄ composites possess low permittivity of 3.68 and low dielectric loss of lower than 0.01, which are independent of temperature below 400 °C. Transmission coefficient of BN_f/Si₃N₄ composite is 0.57 and keeps stable below 400 °C. BN_f/Si₃N₄ can be fabricated at low temperature and may be candidates for the microwave transparent materials.

Nickel oxalate micro-spheres with core-shell structure of solid core and radiate shell were synthesized by precipitation method in a mixed water solution, with oxalic acid and nickel acetate as raw materials, through dropping ammonium hydroxide to adjust the solution pH value to about 8.0. Nickel microspheres with core-shell structure of solid core and porous shell were prepared by decomposing of nickel oxalate microspheres precursor at about 340 °C in argon atmosphere. The analyses of infrared spectroscopy (IR) indicates that the composition of the powders is nickel oxalate. The analyses of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and organic elemental analysis (OEA) indicate that the molar ratio of (C₂O₄)²⁻/Ni²⁺ is about 1.02, close to the theoretical value of 1.0. The results of the thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal gravity analyses (TG-DTG) indicate that the molar ratio of (C₂O₄)²⁻/Ni²⁺ is about 1.06, also close to the theoretical value of 1.0. The analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that the composition of black powders as-prepared is nickel, which has a face-centered cubic crystal structure with average crystal grain size about 16.87 nm. The images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate that the morphology of nickel oxalate microspheres is a core-shell structure with solid core and radiate shell. The diameter of nickel oxalate microspheres is about 3 μm, and the shell consists of a large number of thin nanorods. The images of SEM also indicate that the morphology of nickel microspheres is a core-shell structure with solid core and porous shell. The diameter of nickel microspheres is about 2 μm, and the shell consists of a large number of nickel grains, surface holes and through holes. The diameter of nickel grains is about 50–100 nm, and the diameter of holes is about 50–200 nm.

To explore the complex thermal-mechanical-chemical behavior in the solid-liquid cast-roll bonding (SLCRB) of Cu/Al cladding strip, numerical simulations were conducted from both macro and micro scales. In macro-scale, with birth and death element method, a thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model (FEM) was set up to explore the temperature and contact pressure distribution at the Cu/Al bonding interface in the SLCRB process. Taking these macro-scale simulation results as boundary conditions, we simulated the atom diffusion law of the bonding interface by molecular dynamics (MD) in micro-scale. The results indicate that the temperature in Cu/Al bonding interface deceases from 700 to 320 °C from the entrance to the exit of caster, and the peak of contact pressure reaches up to 140 MPa. The interfacial diffusion thickness depends on temperature and rolling reduction, higher temperature results in larger thickness, and the rolling reduction below kiss point leads to significant elongation deformation of cladding strip which yields more newborn interface with fresh metal and make the diffusion layer thinner. The surface roughness of Cu strip was found to be beneft to atoms diffusion in the Cu/Al bonding interface. Meanwhile, combined with the SEM-EDS observation on the microstructure and composition in the bonding interface of the experimental samples acquired from the cast-rolling bite, it is revealed that the rolling reduction and severe elongation deformation in the solid-solid contact zone below kiss point guarantee the satisfactory metallurgical bonding with thin and smooth diffusion layer. The bonding mechanisms of reactive diffusion, mechanical interlocking and crack bonding are proved to coexist in the SLCRB process.

Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3/Cu core/shell powders were prepared by electroless plating and hydrogen reduction, and then sintered into bulk by spark plasma sintering in order to improve the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of n-type Bi-Te thermoelectric material. After electroless plating, with the increasing of Cu content, Seebeck coefficient keeps increasing and power factor enhances significantly. The highest power factor increases by three times and reaches 23.8 W·cm⁻¹·K⁻² at room temperature in Bi₂Te _2.7Se_0.3 with 0.22wt% Cu sample, which means electrical transport properties of Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3/Cu samples have been improved. Meanwhile, the ZT values of Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3/Cu samples can be enhanced at different temperature zone by adjusting the Cu content. Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3 with 0.05wt% Cu sample has the best thermoelectric properties in high temperature zone, and the ZT peak value increases from 0.35 to 0.85 at 623 K. When the Cu content increases to 0.15wt%, the ZT peak value moves to the low temperature (373 K) and increases from 0.24 to 0.71. At the same time, the mechanical properties increases with the increasing of Cu content.

A fixed-point observation method was designed to research the dynamic tribological performance of one certain resin-based friction materials. The friction test was performed through a constant speed friction tester under various temperature conditions. It was found that the dynamic tribological performance of materials has a good consistency with the dynamic evolution of worn surfaces. At lower temperatures, the friction coefficient and wear rate were constant, resulted from the stable worn surfaces. At higher temperatures, the friction coefficient increased gradually, while the wear rate decreased, due to the increasing contact area and Fe concentration. A fade occurred above 250 °C, which can be explained by the degradation of binders.

The effects of Cr³⁺, Cu²⁺, and Pb²⁺ on compressive strength, reaction products, and pore structures of fly ash based geopolymer were studied. In addition, the immobilization and bonding interaction between heavy metal and fly ash based geopolymers were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) techniques. The experimental results showed that the incorporation of Cr³⁺, Cu²⁺, and Pb²⁺ had a great effect on the later compressive strength and resulted in producing reinhardbraunsite in the solidified body. Moreover, the Pb²⁺ reduced the total pore volume of the solidified body, while Cr³⁺ and Cu²⁺ increased it. The XPS results indicated that O(1s), Si(2p), and Al(2p) bind energy increased due to Cr³⁺ and Cu²⁺ addition, but it did not change significantly due to Pb²⁺ addition. The microstructure of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel and sodium silicoaluminate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel changed in different degree according to the ESEM results. The immobilization of Cr³⁺, Cu²⁺, and Pb²⁺ using fly ash based geopolymer is attributed not only to the physical encapsulation, but also to the chemical bonding interaction.

Using L-glutathione (GSH) as a capping agent, ZnSe/GSH quantum dots (QDs) were prepared under microwave irradiation and irradiated under dark, ultraviolet light and incandescent light, respectively. The properties and interaction of different lights irradiated ZnSe/GSH QDs and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied systematically. The fluorescence (FL) spectra results reveal that the quenching mechanism are all the static quenching in nature. The quenching constant (K _sv) and binding constant (K) value of different irradiated ZnSe/GSH QDs and BSA all increased with the change of light types from dark to incandescent light and UV light. The number of binding site (n) is close to 1 at different temperatures. The lighting types influence the enthalpy and entropy changes. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicate that the light induced GSH ligand will facilitate photocatalytic oxidation on the surface of ZnSe/GSH QDs. The circular dichroism (CD) results show that the α-helicity content of BSA decreases from 60.34%, 59.31%, to 58.79% under UV lighting, incandescent lighting and dark conditions. The interaction results of different lights illuminated ZnSe/GSH QDs with BSA by CD spectra method matches well with that by FL and FTIR spectra. That is, the interaction of ZnSe/ GSH QDs and BSA from strong to weak is UV light, incandescent light and dark in sequence.

Mg/Al/Fe layered double hydroxide (MAF-LDH₁) was prepared by solvothermal method with the sodium dodecyl sulfate as the template, and the ethanol system was benefit to growth of sample. The nature in the resulting MAF-LDH was investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, and N₂ adsorption-desorption. The morphology of MAF-LDH₁ is petal-like with the size of 400–500 nm and the thickness about 10–20 nm. The adsorption performance of the samples was evaluated by absorption of the Congo red (CR) solutions. Compared with Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (MA-LDH), the maximum adsorption capacities of the MAF-LDH₁ samples were 943.4 mg/g which was greatly enhanced. Furthermore, after seven cycling tests, the adsorption performance was still up to 90%. Theoretical calculation results revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich model. This work provides a promising alternative strategy to enhance the adsorptive properties of hydrotalcite-like materials.

Cu/Ti₃AlC₂ composite and functional-gradient materials with excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity as well as good flexural properties were prepared by low-temperature spark plasma sintering of Cu and Ti₃AlC₂ powder mixtures. The phase compositions of the materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and their microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Further, the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and flexural properties of the materials were tested. Results show that, for the composite materials, the resistivity rises from 0.75 × 10^-7 Ω·m only to 1.32 × 10^-7 Ω·m and the thermal diffusivity reduces from 82.5 mm²/s simply to 39.8 mm²/s, while the flexural strength improves from 412.9 MPa to 471.3 MPa, as the content of Ti₃AlC₂ is increased from 5wt% to 25wt%. Additionally, the functional-gradient materials sintered without interface between the layers exhibit good designability, and their overall electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and flexural strength are all higher than those of the corresponding uniform composite material.

The hydrothermal method was used to prepare MoS₂ photocatalyst with the raw materials of MoO₃ and KSCN, and the prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The catalytic performance of MoS₂ photocatalyst obtained at different reaction temperatures was studied, meanwhile the effects of different concentrations and different pH on degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) were investigated. The results show that those prepared photocatalyst samples are of nanometer scale, which exhibits better photocatalytic activity. When preparing MoS₂ photocatalyst, the higher temperature of the hydrothermal reaction, the greater the photocatalytic performance will be, and the crystallinity can be higher as well. As for degrading MB, the higher the concentration of MB is, the worse the degradation effect will be. The prepared photocatalyst was observed to show better degrading performance for MB solution under acidic condition, when pH was taken into consideration.

SrTi_1−yMg _yO₃ films were synthesized through sol-gel method on p ⁺-Si substrates. The effects of Mg doping concentration on the microstructure, switching behavior and properties of SrTi_1−yMg _yO₃ films were investigated. All SrTi_1−yMg _yO₃ films are polycrystalline, but the grain becomes coarser, and the number of holes is reduced when the Mg doping content increases from 0.04 to 0.16. SrTi_1−yMg _yO₃ films with different Mg doping concentrations all show bipolar resistive switching behaviors but display some differences in switching properties. When y = 0.08, the SrTi_1−yMg _yO₃ films show the largest R _HRS/R _LRS of 10⁵ and better fatigue endurance after 10³ cycles. When y ⩾ 0.08, the distribution of V _set and V _reset is narrow, indicating good stability of writing and erasing data for a resistive random access memory. At high-resistance state, the dominant conduction mechanism of SrTi_1−yMg _yO₃ films is the Schottky emission mechanism. However, at low-resistance state, the dominant conduction mechanisms are the filamentary conduction and changes to space charge limited current when y = 0.16.

In this paper, the cement paste and the mortar were tested using the PF-QNM technique. It is shown that the PF-QNM technique is very powerful to characterize the mechanical properties of micro- and nanostructures in the cement-based materials. It does not have strict requirements for test environment and it does not damage the surface of the material. High-resolution images can be obtained very easily, and they can be analyzed statistically. The test results show that PF-QNM analysis can test not only the mechanical properties of the cement paste, but also investigate the interfacial regions in the cement-based material, including the variation in the mechanical properties of interface regions and the extension of the interfacial regions. During the test, care must be taken to choose the size of test area; indeed, a test area too small is not representative but too large leads to lack of stability. The recommended side is a square with a length of in the range 10–30 μm.

A facile method for preparing monodisperse NaYF₄@SiO₂@Au core-shell nanocomposite was developed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as EDX (energy dispersive X-ray) was used to characterize the samples. The TEM showed the composite was a core-shell structure, spherical,with the uniform size of about 100 nm. TEM and EDX revealed that the NPs were coated with a layer of SiO₂ and Au shell. The core shell structure of NaYF₄@SiO₂@Au nanocomposite could dispersed in water easily. More importantly, after being coated with SiO₂ and Au, it was feasible for function by -SH and-NH₂ groups, respectively. The forming process of the Au shell was monitored with TEM. The mechanism of coating Au shell was discussed in detail. It is expected that the core shell nanoparticle will act as multifunctional molecular imaging probes, such as positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical imaging (OI), or contrast agent for sensing and detection.

Atri-polyphosphate was used as a corrosion inhibitor in the seawater prepared coral concrete, and its influence on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel, 304 austenitic stainless steel, and 2205 duplex stainless steel was studied by the open-circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization, respectively. The results reveal that the corrosion potential and impedance of the reinforcing steel increase, while the corrosion current density decreases with the content of aluminum tripolyphosphate in the coral concrete. A low content of the corrosion inhibitor significantly retards the corrosion of the two stainless steels, but it cannot effectively inhibit the corrosion of the carbon steel in the coral concrete. In general, the carbon steel is unsuitable for the coral concrete for its poor corrosion resistance. In contrast, the stainless steels, especially the 2205 duplex stainless steel, shows an excellent anti-corrosion property in the seawater prepared coral concrete containing a certain amount of inhibitor, which is one of the satisfactory candidate methods to build the long-life coral concrete constructions.

The surface of gadolinium was covered with a layer of Al film(10–15 µm) by hot-press. Corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the composites were studied. As a result, temperature and pressure are the main factors that influence the combination of Gd and Al, and the effect of pressure is especially obvious. When the pressure exceeds 700 MPa, the binding force reaches 9 MPa. After coating, corrosion resistance of the composites is significantly improved, Corrosion rate is significantly reduced and mass loss reduced to one-tenth of pure Gd after 15 days. The current density decreases by an order of magnitude and corrosion potential increases by 0.3 V. The thermal conductivity of the composites is 11.12 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹. Due to good thermal diffusion coefficient of aluminum, the magnetic work piece coated with Al film might show better heat transfer performance.

Aluminum alloy 5A02 with low plasticity was used as target sheet, and stainless steel SUS304 with good plasticity was used as overlapping sheet to investigate the effect of interface friction on bulging formability and microstructure of target sheet in overlapping sheets bulging process. Sheet sliding experiment was performed to measure interface friction coefficient of 5A02/SUS304 in different lubricating conditions and normal pressure. Overlapping sheets bulging experiment of 5A02/SUS304 was carried out to investigate the influence of interface friction on limit bulging height, wall thickness distribution, microstructure and fracture morphology of 5A02 bulging specimens. The results showed that increase of the interface friction coefficient of 5A02/SUS304 could effectively improve the limit bulging height and deformation uniformity of 5A02. And the fracture style of 5A02 transformed from toughness fracture of dimples-micropores gathered to fault slip separation fracture. Therefore, target sheet bulging formability is improved with the increase of interface friction coefficient.

Separation of aluminum from fine granules of black dross, which is a waste by-product in secondary aluminum production, was investigated. The separation was performed by a multi-stage electrostatic separation method. There are three stages to complete the separation, including preliminary separation, pulse charging enhancement and secondary concentration. Chemical and mineralogical compositions of collection products were analyzed and determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). After multistage electrostatic separation, the Al₂O₃ content of the collection products increases from 50.74% to 69.77%. The mineralogical phase analysis indicates that the final recovery of metallic aluminum phase increases from 8% to 37%, and the aluminum oxide phase increases from 20% to 26%. The research results show the multi-stage electrostatic separation method is effective for recovering of aluminum from fine granules of black dross, and upgrades the black dross to a recoverable material.

The texture and grain boundary of 00Cr12Ti FSS have a close correlation with properties and should be controlled to optimize the performance of steel sheets. In this paper, the macrotexture evolution during recrystallization annealing was investigated by XRD, the microtexture and grain boundary distribution evolution during recrystallization annealing were investigated by EBSD. The results showed that the γ fiber texture were mainly generated by replacing α fiber texture in recrystallization process. But with the holding time extending, γ fiber texture transferred to other texture after the holding time got to a certain degree. The major CSLs in 00Cr12Ti FSS after recrystallization are Σ3 and the frequency of Σ3 climb up and then decline with the holding time extending. Σ11 plays an important role in the process of recrystallized γ fiber texture formation.

The effects of adding rare-earth element Dy on the microstructure, hardness, and elastic modulus of Ti_78−x Nb₂₂Dyx (x=0.7, 2, and 5) alloys were investigated experimentally. The microstructure of Ti_78−xNb₂₂Dy _x alloys consists of matrix (β phase and α″ martensite) and Dy-rich precipitates. The hardness can be increased with adding an appropriate amount of Dy. The elastic modulus decreases gradually with the increase of Dy fraction.

Cassava residue was liquefied by using ethylene glycol (EG), ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and polyethylene glycol (molecular weight: 400 g/mol) as the liquefaction reagent respectively at the temperature of 130–170 °C with sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The influences of liquefaction parameters, such as the type of liquefaction reagents, mass ratio of EG/cassava residue, liquefaction temperature and time on the properties of the products were discussed. The optimum liquefaction conditions were obtained when the mass ratio of EG/cassava residue was 6:1 (w/w), the liquefaction temperature was 150 °C, the liquefaction time was 3 h and the mass fraction of concentrated sulfuric acid/EG was 2.5wt%. The hydroxyl numbers and residue content of the liquefied products at optimal conditions were 1 137 mgKOH/g and 0.43%, respectively. FT-IR spectrum showed that the liquefaction product of cassava residue was polyether polyol and could be used to prepare polyurethane material or alkyd resins.

By using the wastes fish skin of sturgeon processed as a raw material, a macromolecule biomaterial of collagen was extracted. Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) were successfully isolated from the skin of hybrid sturgeon with two extraction methods. The yields of ASC and PSC based on the wet weight of skin were 5.73 ± 0.11% and 10.26 ± 0.39%, respectively. The denaturation and melting points of ASC (26.83 °C and 110.49 °C) and PSC (26.54 °C and 102.99 °C) were assessed by Circular dichroism (CD) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). ASC and PSC appeared to be dense sheet-like film linked by random-coiled filaments under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that both the ASC and PSC were Type I collagen and maintained a complete triple helix structure. These results indicated that both ASC and PSC possessed good biological activity and could be widely used in medical biomaterials and other fields.

To design a new type of antitumor nanodrug carrier with good biocompatibility, a drug delivery system with a 2.19% drug-loading rate, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was prepared by membrane hydration using a mixed polymer: Pluronic® F-127, which binds folic acid (FA), Pluronic® F-68 and triptolide (TPL) (FA-F-127/F-68-TPL). As a control, another drug delivery system based on a single polymer (FA-F-127-TPL) with a 1.90% drug-loading rate was prepared by substituting F-68 with F-127. The average particle sizes of FA-F-127/F-68-TPL and FA-F-127-TPL measured by a particle size analyzer were 30.7 nm and 31.6 nm, respectively. Their morphology was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that FA-F-127-TPL self-assembled into nanomicelles, whereas FA-F-127/F-68-TPL self-assembled into nanogels. An MTT assay showed that a very low concentration of FA-F-127/F-68-TPL or FA-F-127-TPL could significantly inhibit the proliferation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR cells) and induce cell death. The effects were signifcantly different from those of free TPL (P < 0.01). Using the fuorescent probe Nile red (Nr) as the drug model, FA-F-127/F-68-Nr nanogels and FA-F-127-Nr nanomicelles were prepared and then incubated with human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and MCF-7/ADR cells, and the fluorescence intensity in the cells was measured by a multifunctional microplate reader. The results indicated that both FA-F-127/F-68-Nr and FA-F-127-Nr had sustained release in the cells, but HepG2 and MCF-7/ADR cells exhibited significantly higher endocytosis of FA-F-127/F-68-Nr than that of FA-F-127-Nr (P < 0.01). A nude mice transplanted tumor model was prepared to monitor FA-F-127/F-68-Nr in the tumor tissue and organs by whole-body fluorescent imaging. The results showed that FA-F-127/F-68-Nr targeted tumor tissues. The prepared nanogels had small particle size, were easy to swallow, exhibited slow release property, targeted tumor cells, and could improve the antitumor effects of TPL; hence, they are ideal carriers for low-dose antineoplastic drugs.

In order to present a novel metronidazole-decorated Ti implanted with antibacterial activity through adhesive dopamine, and prepare metronidazole-decorated Ti, Ti substrates were pre-modified with dopamine (DA) coating, and metronidazole was subsequently immobilized onto the surface of DA-modified Ti substrates. The prepared MET-decorated Ti interfaces were prepared for surface characterization tests: contacting angle measurements, scanning electron microscope, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and in vitro anti-biofilm formation assay. Statistical tests were performed using by SPSS16.0. Contacting angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confIrmed the successful presence of MET grafted on the Ti surface. In addition, the MET-decorated Ti induced good in vitro antibacterial activity toward Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans,Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. The modified Ti substrate with enhanced antibacterial activity holds a great potential as implanting material for applications in dental and bone graft substitutes.

Fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with carboxyl group (Znq-CMS-COOH) were successfully synthesized by in situ formation route of 8-hydroxyquinolinate zinc complexes in channels of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and post-grafting of carboxyl group on the surface. Moreover, the particle size and structural properties of Znq-CMS-COOH were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectrometer, fluorescence spectrometer and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements. The obtained results suggest that the Znq-CMS-COOH presents the uniform spherical shape with the mean diameter of about 85 nm and the obvious wormhole arrangement mesoporous. In addition, the Znq-CMS-COOH possesses green fluorescence with the emission peaks at 495 nm. So the Znq-CMS-COOH, which is beneficial to further modification and tracing, might be a great potential carrier for applying in drug delivery system in the future.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with the physical property of high ultraviolet (UV) reflectance were used to enhance the anti-UV aging performance of bitumen. In view of the poor compatibility of LDHs with bitumen, three organic anions, namely, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDSO), were used as modifiers to prepare organic LDHs (OCLDHs) through regeneration process, and the crystal structure, chemical composition, morphological feature and UV shielding capability of synthesized OCLDHs were analyzed. Then the OCLDHs were added into bitumen to evaluate the storage stability and anti-UV aging property of OCLDHs/bitumen composites. The results show that the organic anions are inserted into the interlayers of LDHs, the intercalation expands the interlayer distance of LDHs, makes the particle shapes become more irregular and complicated, and enhances the absorption ability within the range from 200 to 300 nm while has little influence on the UV reflection ability. Result of high temperature storage stability indicates the organic modification ameliorates the compatibility of LDHs with bitumen. Compared with LDHs, OCLDHs decrease the deteriorations of bitumen's properties during UV exposure test, exhibiting better effect in enhancing anti-UV aging performance of bitumen. Furthermore, among the three OCLDHs, LDHs intercalated by SDBS exhibit the most effective improvement due to the best compatibility with bitumen and comparatively good UV shielding effect.

An efficient, practical, highly selective and environmentally benign method is reported for the synthesis of aryl thioethers via the coupling of thiols with aryl boronic acids in the presence of NaOH and a catalytic amount of CuSO₄ at 130 °C using water as a green solvent. The products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields; more importantly, the use of toxic ligands and solvents was avoided. A broad range of aryl boronic acids and scalable processes make this methodology valuable and versatile for the synthesis of a broad range of aryl sulfides.

The adsorption and film forming behavior of vinyltriethoxysilane (VS) on Q235 low carbon steel surfaces, as well as its effect on the properties of film layer were systematically investigated by reflection absorption infrared spectrum (RA-IR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and contact angle measurement technology. The experimental results indicate that the oscillatory phenomenon exists in the adsorption of VS on low carbon steel surfaces, which directly determines the adsorption morphology and the arrangement pattern of VS on metal surfaces, generating VS films with different protective properties. The desorption occurring in the initial stage was accompanied with film restructuring, which was helpful to the readsorption of VS and the film formation with dense structure and excellent protective performance.