Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Cu/Ti₃AlC₂ Functional Gradient Materials Prepared by Low-temperature Spark Plasma Sintering

Abstract

Cu/Ti₃AlC₂ composite and functional-gradient materials with excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity as well as good flexural properties were prepared by low-temperature spark plasma sintering of Cu and Ti₃AlC₂ powder mixtures. The phase compositions of the materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and their microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Further, the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and flexural properties of the materials were tested. Results show that, for the composite materials, the resistivity rises from 0.75 × 10^-7 Ω·m only to 1.32 × 10^-7 Ω·m and the thermal diffusivity reduces from 82.5 mm²/s simply to 39.8 mm²/s, while the flexural strength improves from 412.9 MPa to 471.3 MPa, as the content of Ti₃AlC₂ is increased from 5wt% to 25wt%. Additionally, the functional-gradient materials sintered without interface between the layers exhibit good designability, and their overall electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and flexural strength are all higher than those of the corresponding uniform composite material.

Keywords

Cu/Ti₃AlC₂ / functional gradient material / electrical conductivity / thermal conductivity

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