May 2022, Volume 7 Issue 1
    

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  • Review
    Introduction of Chinese Space-Borne Gravitational Wave Detection Program “Taiji” and “Taiji-1” Satellite Mission
    LUO Ziren, ZHANG Min, JIN Gang, WU Yueliang, HU Wenrui
    2020, 7(1): 3-10. https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20191230001
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    Chinese Space-borne Gravitational Wave Detection Program “Taiji” is to detect the gravitational wave（GW）within the frequency band between 0.1 mHz and 1 Hz. The GW sources in such frequency band offer a brand new approach to study our universe，the supper massive black holes，the nature of gravity，the dark matter and the dark energy. The technologies related to Taiji program are so challenging that Taiji have to take three steps，“single satellite”，“double satellites” and “three satellites”，to achieve the final objectives. The “single satellite” mission，called Taiji-1，is now successfully launched，and the first run of on-orbit testing is completed. A brief review of the scientific influences，the recent status and the anatomy of key technologies of the space-borne GW detection missions are given. The mission overview and the 3-step strategic planning of Taiji program are analyzed. The future perspectives and some advices concerned with Taiji program are also discussed.
  • Review
    Development and Trend of Artificial Intelligent in Deep Space Exploration
    YU Dengyun, ZHANG Zhe, PAN Binfeng, LIU Chuankai, DING Liang, ZHU Jihong, GAO Haibo, LIU Jinguo, CHEN Peng
    2020, 7(1): 11-23. https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20190916001
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    Due to the long distance between the earth and the planetary and the extreme environment，artificial intelligence technology will be the focus in the future deep space exploration mission，particularly for the task of the lunar/planetary residence and the exploitation and utilization of planetary resources. Based on the retrospection of the development of the applications of artificial intelligence in deep space missions，several key technology fields for future artificial intelligence technology in deep space exploration activities are proposed.
  • Guest Editor：Professor LUO Zhifu，China Institute of Atomic Energy
    Advanced Power Source Technology of Deep Space Exploration
    NIU Changlei, LUO Zhifu, LEI Yingjun, WANG Wenqiang, ZHENG Jianjie, QIAO Xuerong, LUO Hongyi, HU Wenjun, ZHONG Wuye
    2020, 7(1): 24-34. https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20200002
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    Advanced power supply technology is the prerequisite for deep space exploration mission. Based on the requirements of power supply system of China’s follow-up deep space exploration missions, such as the explorations of polar region of Lunar, small celestial bodies, Mars, Jupiter, and so on, the advanced power source technologies for deep space exploration are reviewed, including?the chemical battery, solar cell, radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) and space nuclear reactor power. According?to the?requirements?of power supply system of deep space exploration,?the remarkable feature, brief history, application limits and development proposals of Lithium ions battery, solar cell, Pu-238 RTG and space nuclear reactor power are presented, and?focusing on the analysis?of the?key technology, practical application, application prospects of Pu-238 RTG and space nuclear reactor power, providing a reference for long-term development of ?advanced power source technology of deep space exploration.
  • Guest Editor：Professor LUO Zhifu，China Institute of Atomic Energy
    Research on Power System Development of Chinese Deep Space Exploration
    LEI Yingjun, ZHU Liyin, ZHANG Wenjia
    2020, 7(1): 35-40,46. https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20190712001
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    Aiming at the key tasks of deep space exploration such as lunar exploration，small celestial exploration，Mars exploration，Jupiter and interplanetary exploration in China，the specific requirements of the power system are proposed based on the analysis of the characteristics of individual detection missions. Finally，the power system requirements of all deep space exploration missions are summarized. the main development requirements of power system for deep space exploration missions in China are proposed，including wide temperature anti-irradiation solar array，light and small intelligent power control device，high power density power system topology，high efficiency and high reliability thermoelectric conversion technology，providing reference for the research and design of deep space exploration power system.
  • Guest Editor：Professor LUO Zhifu，China Institute of Atomic Energy
    Solar Cell Array Design for Deep Space Exploration Missons
    WANG Wenqiang, YANG Hongdong, YANG Guang, WANG Jiayu, WU Qing, GU Chunjie
    2020, 7(1): 41-46. https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20191101003
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    With the advancement of the Moon exploration and deep space exploration missions, aiming at the solar cell array adopting low temperature,low light intensity and severe radiation for deep space detection, and based on the analysis of solar cell arrays of Mars and Juption exploration missions,the solar cell array selection methods，array design and advices on verification tests are presented according to the analysis of mission environment, providing reference for solar cell array design of deep space exploration missions in China.
  • Guest Editor：Professor LUO Zhifu，China Institute of Atomic Energy
    A Review of Technology Development of Thermionic Energy Conversion for Space Application
    ZHONG Wuye, ZHAO Shouzhi, ZHENG Jianping, LV Zheng, XIE Jiachun
    2020, 7(1): 47-60. https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20200114001
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    Space nuclear reactor power can supply the large output and long life power required by future space missions. The technology of thermionic energy conversion is one of the major key points of space thermionic nuclear reactor power. The whole construction and operating principle of space thermionic nuclear reactor power are summarized. And the development state, exsiting issues, and trend are reviewed for the technology of thermionic energy conversion, including the principle of thermionic energy conversion, varieties and characteristic of thermionic cell, electrode material, and experimental apparatus.
  • Guest Editor：Professor LUO Zhifu，China Institute of Atomic Energy
    The Plutonium-238 Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator in the Deep Space Exploration
    LUO Hongyi, NIU Changlei, WU Shengna, LI Xin, TANG Xian, LUO Zhifu
    2020, 7(1): 61-72. https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20191129001
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    The Plutonium-238 radioisotope thermoelectric generator (Plutonium-238 RTG) can work continuously without maintenance for a long time in harsh environment. It can supply power and thermal energy at the same time, which is an ideal energy source for deep space exploration missions. Firstly, the electricity power generation theory, basic structure, application history and development tendency of Plutonium-238 RTG are described in this paper. Then the key technologies for the development of Plutonium-238 RTG are presented, combined with the technology development of Plutonium-238 RTG in foreign countries and the requirements for deep space exploration. The above-mentioned key technologies are analyzed and discussed, providing a reference to the technology development and engineering application of Plutonium-238 RTG in China.
  • Guest Editor：Professor LUO Zhifu，China Institute of Atomic Energy
    Study on Technical Index System and Framework of Safety Standards for RHU and RTG
    HU Wenjun, LIU Jizhong, TANG Yuhua, CHEN Junhong, ZHNAG Wei, ZHANG Zhe, LI Shangming, HU Shaoquan
    2020, 7(1): 73-80. https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20190911001
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    Based on the application environment for 238PuO2 radioisotope heat unit（RHU） and radioisotope thermoelectric generator（RTG） in china, The technical index system of safety for evaluating the safety for RHU/RTG is studied drawing on the safety verification of RHU/RTG in foreign countries. The framework of technical index system for the safety standards are propounded that includes the normal and unexpected emergency conditions of full life circle for the RHU and RTG, such as design and manufacture，stockpile and transportation on the ground, preparing for launch, launch, in-orbit operation waste disposal and so on. The technical index system includes 29 items that can be used as the reference in developing and assessing of safetyin-use about the Pu-238 radioisotope heat unit or radioisotope thermoelectric generator, solving the problem of lacking the safety certification system and technical index of safety verification for the use of space RHU/RTG in China.
  • Guest Editor：Professor LUO Zhifu，China Institute of Atomic Energy
    On Orbit Management Strategy of Lithium Ion Batteries for Deep Space Exploration
    ZHENG Jianjie, DU Yuan, WANG Weina, LUO Guangqiu, LIU Zhigang
    2020, 7(1): 81-86. https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20191030001
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    During the lifetime of Deep space detectors and GEO satellites, the batteries work occasionally and are kept in storage most of the time. The battery capacity would continuously decrease as the result of side reaction during storage. Through dV/dQ curve、EIS and cell disassemble analysis，the active Li loss is the main reason for capacity degradation. When the cell is stored at 100%SoC，the electrolyte decomposition on the cathode would cause the RSEI and RCR of cathode increasing significantly. To prevent the battery over discharge and reduce the irreversible capacity lost，the battery should be kept around 20%SoC and be charged regularly.
  • Guest Editor：Professor LUO Zhifu，China Institute of Atomic Energy
    Test Research of High Specific Energy Lithium Carbon-Fluoride (Li/CFx) Batteries as Power Sources for Deep Space Exploration
    QIAO Xuerong, GUO Ji, MI Juan
    2020, 7(1): 87-92. https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20191223001
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    Deep-space exploration missions have limited power options due to weight constraints and reduced light intensity. Lithium-fluorocarbon battery technology is considered a potentially viable option for future deep space probe power supplies. Tests on specific energy，specific heat capacity，calorific value，and low temperature and storage performance of lithium fluorocarbon batteries were carried out. The results show that lithium fluorocarbon batteries have obvious advantages of high specific energy. Its long storage life meets the needs for deep space probes with low self-discharge rates during months or even years of flight. For low-temperature applications，the low-temperature discharge performance is effectively improved by the use of composite electrodes. The trials of specific heat capacity and heat generation for lithium-fluoride carbon batteries provide essential data support for battery thermal simulation analysis.
  • Article
    Approximate Analytical Solutions of Motion near the Collinear Libration-Points in Restricted Three-Body Problem
    ZHOU Jing, HU Jun, ZHANG Bin
    2020, 7(1): 93-101. https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20190408001
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    With deep space exploration becoming a research focus in aerospace, corresponding fundamental research on three-body problem is of increasingly significant, especially the motion analysis near the collinear libration-points, which play a leading role in deep space mission design The approximate analytical solutions of motion near the collinear libration-points in circular restricted three-body problem has been obtained, however, there are relatively fewer studies about the solutions in elliptic restricted three-body problem, although it is more realistic and general than circular restricted three-body problem. Based on it, the approximate analytical solutions of motion near the collinear libration-points in elliptic restricted three-body problem are deduced by referencing the method used in circular restricted three-body problem, the positions of libration-points are obtained according to its characteristic, then the nonlinear dynamic model is linearized at the collinear libration-points, and the approximate analytical solutions are finally obtained using the linear system theory and compared with the solutions of the circular restricted three-body problem. Simulation results indicated the method is valid and the deduced analytical solutions have higher precision than that of the circular restricted three-body problem.
  • Article
    An Attitude Estimation Method Based on LIE Group Representation for Deep Space Probe
    XU Hao, PEI Fujun, JIANG Ning
    2020, 7(1): 102-108. https://doi.org/10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20171117002
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    A novel algorithm for attitude estimation of deep spacecraft based on star sensor is proposed. The Lie group is used to describe the attitude，which avoids the non-uniqueness and complex calculation of the quaternion conversion into the attitude matrix. A description of the motion model based on star sensor and the kinematics model of space rigid body in Lie group is given. A method based on Lie group is proposed to determine the dynamic attitude of deep spacecraft. The linearization model solves the errors generated by the traditional nonlinear model in the filtering process，and eliminates the steps of converting the quaternion into the attitude matrix and reduces the computational complexity. In the simulation，the proposed method is compared with the traditional quaternion attitude determination algorithm. The results prove that the algorithm has better stability and accuracy.