Background: Arq is a traditional Unani liquid formulation. In this study we explored Arq-Makoh, Arq-Badiyan and Arq-Kasni for their pharmacological potential to alleviate the symptoms of hyperlipidaemia and obesity and develop an amalgamation with modern drugs that have clinically well reported antihyperlipidaemic and anti-obesity potential.
Materials and methods: Rats were fed High Fat Diet for 4 weeks. 10 ml/kg of each of the three arqs were given alone and along with atorvastatin and orlistat daily for 28 days P.O. During the course of treatment body weight and food intake were carefully observed and after the end of the study, liver weight, heart weight, plasma lipid profile, blood glucose level, insulin and leptin level, serum lipase, lactate dehydrogenase, and antioxidant activity were studied in all treatment groups.
Result: Both Arqs and Atorvastatin and Orlistat significantly reduced body weight, lipid profile in HFD fed rats. Arqs when given along with Atorvastatin and Orlistat produced more significant decrease in the serum lipid profile, serum lipase, atherogenic index, lactate Dehydrogenase and TBARS compared with HFD Control group and elevated the levels of HDL-C and SOD. Apart from antihyperlipidaemic and antiobesity effects the treatment groups showed a significant reduction in elevated fasting blood glucose levels (as a result of HFD model used in the study). The above parameters were further confirmed by histopathological studies.
Conclusion: The present study indicates that Arq-Makoh, Arq-Badiyan and Arq-Kasni has lipid lowering potential and could potentiate the antihyperlipidaemic and antiobesity potential of Atorvastatin and Orlistat.
Aim of the study was designed to synthesize and evaluate antibacterial activity of novel heterocyclic compounds, 3-methyl-1H-indazole derivatives. The heterocyclic compounds, 3-methyl-1H-indazole derivatives (1a-1d and 2a- 2d) were synthesized; all of them characterized physically by melting point, Rf value, appearance & solubility; and some of them characterized spectroscopically by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. All the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against both Gram positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli by cup plate method using ciprofloxacin as a standard drug. All the synthesized heterocyclic compounds, 3-methyl-1H-indazole derivatives (1a-1d and 2a-2d), had shown antibacterial activity against the B. subtilis and E. coli. Compound 1d i.e., 1-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethan-1-oyl)-3-methyl-1H-indazole at the concentration of 300 µg/ml showed best antibacterial activity against the bacteria B. subtilis and E. coli as compared to standard drug, ciprofloxacin. The methodology for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, 3- methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl derivatives was simple as well as economical and gave better yield of the synthesized compounds. The compound, 1-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethan-1-oyl)-3-methyl-1H-indazole had shown best antibacterial activity against the bacteria B. subtilis and E. coli.
Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties and potential applications in various fields, including medicine, catalysis, and environmental remediation. These nanoparticles possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, making them particularly promising for biomedical applications. The drug Woodfordia fruticosa (Wf) has been traditionally used in folk medicine for its therapeutic properties, such as wound healing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and optimise the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using flower extracts of Woodfordia fruticosa through the distillation extraction method. By employing this technique, the research aimed to successfully create silver nanoparticles from Woodfordia fruticosa gel for the treatment of wounds.
Methods: WF flower extracts were prepared by drying the flowers for 14 days and crushing them into a fine powder. The powdered flowers were then sieved through 80-inch sievesThe extracted material was stored at 4 °C for further processing. In parallel, a 1 mM silver nitrate solution was prepared by dissolving 16.99 mg of silver nitrate in 100 ml of distilled water. The flower extract and silver nitrate solution were then utilised for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The characterization of the synthesised silver nanoparticles was conducted using various techniques, including zeta potential analysis and electron microscopy. These techniques were employed to assess the physicochemical properties, stability, and morphology of the silver nanoparticles. After gel preparation, in vivo wound healing activity was performed.
Result: The synthesis of AgNPs using WF flower extracts and silver nitrate solution resulted in the successful formation of nanoparticles. The characterization of the synthesised AgNPs was carried out using various techniques. The zeta potential was found to be -0.283 mV, which indicated their stability, and the PDI value was found to be 0.533. These values indicated a stable dispersion of the synthesised AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that nanoparticles have a spherical shape in the range of 5 nm.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study successfully developed silver nanoparticles using flower extracts. The developed gel shows that it has wound-healing properties.
Background: Revamp of liposomal preparation inimical ageing by using a splendid treasure of herbal drugs includes non-prescription and prescription upshot. Liposomal therapy stands at the forefront of cutting-edge cosmeceutical innovation. It involves a sophisticated, bi-layered delivery system designed for the precise infusion of walnut oil and tamarind seed oil into the skin. This innovative approach effectively combats the signs of ageing, whether they are the result of a sedentary lifestyle or genetic factors within one’s family history.
Purpose: The current study focuses on exploring the area of traditional systems of medicine in the field of pharmaceuticals to achieve the combined effect of walnut oil [F1] and tamarind seed oil [F2] in the form of liposomal preparation against ageing.
Methods: Liposomes of walnut oil and tamarind seed oil were developed by using a rotary vacuum evaporator, and microscopy of the formulated liposomes was done using a Digicam microscope, which provided a microscopic view that both formulated liposomes are spherical, but F1 liposomes are more dense and tactile than F2, and the F2 liposomal formulation has more vesicles than F1. In-vitro drug release studies of F1 and F2 were done by diffusion cells while using a dialysis membrane with buffer medium 6.8. Further characterization techniques like SEM and FTIR were used to investigate the size range with the clear shape of the particles and to obtain a clear peak that matched the pure drug, which shows that it has retained its pharmacological properties. The final step was directed towards the preparation of topical anti-ageing cream by combining F1 and F2 to obtain the synergistic effect, and the formulation cream was successfully visualised under a projection microscope at a magnification of 10x, which reveals that spherically droplet vacuoles are present with a soft texture and a creamy, whitish colour. Last but not least, a 14-day animal study was conducted on female Swiss mice from the authorised animal laboratory departmental animal house at Integral University. The studies were conducted in 3 groups: G1 was given saline as a control, G2 was given Olay as a topical application, and G3 was given the test cream. The anti-ageing potential of the formulated cream was evaluated by skin compliance studies using UV exposure.
Results: Walnut oil and tamarind seed oil-based liposomes were formulated after placebo selection, i.e., F1 and F2, and the microscopic view of F1 sphere-shaped vesicles is larger, brighter, and more dense than F2, and the sphereshaped vesicles of F1 and F2 contain phospholipid bilayers composed of soyalecthin, which helps to deliver drugs at a specific site. The pH of two formulations, F1 and F2, was determined by storing them at different temperatures, 350°C and 450°C. The pH resultant values were in the range of 5.8 to 6.9, which means that the formulated liposomes are ideal for skin function. In-vitro drug release studies of F1 and F2 data revealed that F1 shows less drug release than F2 at 35 min, which is less than 100%. This specified study was done to identify the time that was taken to release the drug. The structural analysis of liposomes F1 and F2 was done by the highly characterised technique of SEM, and the result revealed that F1 and F2 were in a spherical shape. F1 liposome was 5 µm in diameter, while F2 liposome was 1 µm in diameter, which means that they lie in the bilayer liposomal range. FTIR is an important parameter to analyse the functional group and also to identify the peak of the pure drug that is similar to the excipient for retaining the pharmacological action, so here F1 and F2 liposomes are similar to the pure drug. The topical preparation of liposomes F1 and F2 was decided to formulate cream that is easy to use and store. The combining anti-ageing creams of F1 and F2 were visualised under a projection microscope, and the view of the liposomal cream revealed sphere-shaped vesicles. As a result of skin compliance studies, **G3 is significantly more significant than G1 and *G2 is significantly more significant than G1. The antiageing evaluation study stated that **G3 is much more significant than G2, and *G2 is much more significant than G1.
Conclusion: The present study indicates that walnut oil and tamarind seed oil were successfully entrapped in a liposomal formulation in the form of cream. The characterization studies reveal that they are potent against ageing.
Indazole is a very significant group of heterocyclics. Aim of the research was thus planned to synthesize novel derivatives of indazole and evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity. Novel compounds of indazole were first synthesized from reaction of 2-chlorobenzonitrile with phenylhydrazine in presence of catalyst potassium t-butoxide (t-BuOK) and the solvent diglyme. Synthesized derivatives of indazole were analyzed by 1H-NMR and MS spectroscopic techniques. All the synthesized derivatives of indazole were evaluated for their antiinflammatory activity in Sprague Dawley rats by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method. All the synthesized derivatives of indazole had shown very good activity in both docking and anti-inflammatory activity in rats in comparison to the standard etoricoxib. Compound 1a in a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight had shown most significant inhibition of edema as compared to toxic group and the inhibition was comparable to that of the standard drug, etoricoxib in a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. A convenient means for the synthesis of derivatives of indazole was developed which may find applications in heterocyclic synthesis of derivatives of indazole. Compound 1a i.e., 3-(4-carboxyphenyl)amino-1-phenyl-1H-indazole had shown best anti-inflammatory activity amongst all the synthesized compounds.
Objective: The study aimed to investigate Scutellaria barbata D. Don and Seleromitrion diffusa (Willd). R. J. Wang (HDSB) in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) by using network pharmacology and literature research.
Methods: TCMSP, Uniprot, Drug Bank, OMIM, and GeneCards were used to obtain the active components, targets of Scutellaria barbata D. Don and Seleromitrion diffusa (Willd). R. J. Wang and the disease targets of CAG. Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to construct a drug network. STRING platform was used to analyze the PPI network, and Metascape was used for functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.
Results: The study found a total of 34 active compounds of HDSB, 153 predicted targets, 970 disease targets, and 46 intersection targets of CAG. And identified a total of 27 prescriptions or proprietary Chinese medicines containing Scutellaria barbata D. Don and Seleromitrion diffusa (Willd). R. J. Wang through literature research and database search, that consists in a 1:1, 1:2, or 2:1 ratio, with a dose range of 15 g-300 g.
Conclusion: The study suggests that Scutellaria barbata D. Don and Seleromitrion diffusa (Willd). R. J. Wang may exert therapeutic effects on chronic atrophic gastritis by acting on JNK, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, cancer-related and others.
Background: Human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) and severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro) have been established as the prime targets to restrict viral invasion and replication inside the host, respectively.
Methods: The current study delineated the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro as well as human ACE-2 inhibitory potential of carotenoids and polyphenols from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) via in-silico interaction studies.
Results: Our drug-likeness studies showed that the selected carotenoids and polyphenols exhibited acceptable Lipinski’s score and ADME determinants. Further, in-silico molecular modelling studies revealed that β-carotene, among other carotenoids, topped the binding score (ΔG: -6.75 kcal/mol; Ki: 11.32 µM) against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, whereas, cyanidin was the best inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (-7.24 kcal/mol; Ki: 4.92 µM) amongst polyphenols. Similarly, α-carotene from carotenoids exhibited strongest human ACE-2 inhibitory activity (ΔG: -8.85 kcal/mol; Ki: 326.13 µM), whereas, cyanidin from polyphenols showed best binding affinity against human ACE-2 (ΔG: -7.24 kcal/mol; Ki: 4.89 µM). In contrast, 6-(ethylamino)-pyridine-3-carbonitrile, standard inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, exhibited comparatively weaker binding (ΔG: -4.78 kcal/mol; Ki: 267.49 µM), whereas, telmisartan (reference ACE-2 inhibitor) also exhibited lesser affinity (ΔG: -6.40 kcal/mol; Ki: 20.40 µM). Further exploration via MDS studies also validated the dynamic behavior and stability of protein-ligand complexes as evident by desirable RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and SASA.
Conclusion: The current study established carotenoids and polyphenols from S. lycopersicum L. as finer substitutes of reference standards against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and human ACE-2 activity in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Arthritis is a widespread joint disorder globally, the patient completely dependent on NSAIDs which are administered after a fixed interval to subside the pain. This work aims to establish a preprogrammed drug delivery system of aceclofenac with a predetermined lag time for the treatment of arthritis. This new preprogrammed formulation microsphere reduces the time-dependent dose administration as it steadily releases the drug in the blood circulation reducing side effects and increasing patient compliance. Aceclofenac (ACF) loaded polymer microspheres were prepared by a new emulsification and crosslinking method using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Microspheres were prepared in 6 batches using different polymers like sodium alginate, guar gum and chitosan, alone, as well as in combinations. The type and quantity of polymers were changed in every batch while the amount of aceclofenac was unvarying. The microspheres were then evaluated for the particle size, drug content, percentage yield, percentage entrapment efficiency and percentage drug release followed by noting the lag time. The microsphere loaded with aceclofenac were formulated and evaluated, the result showed that all the preparations showed a good lag time (2–3 h), but chitosan (alone) gave the highest lag time, which fulfills the aim of pre-programmed drug delivery system. Preprogrammed drug release has been achieved from the micro-spheres over a period of 0–7 h, consistent with the demand for chronotherapeutic drug delivery for the treatment of arthritis. The major signification of the preparation technique includes short processing time and the lack of exposure of the ingredients to high temperatures. Aceclofenac-loaded microspheres offer a promising avenue for arthritis treatment, ensuring sustained drug release. Their potential clinical implications include enhanced therapeutic efficacy, reduced side effects, and improved patient compliance. Future directions may involve personalized formulations, targeted delivery systems, and exploring applications beyond arthritis, expanding the scope of this innovative drug delivery approach.
Viral outbreaks facilitated by global travel and modernity pose significant threats to global health. Influenza viruses, particularly α-influenza and β-influenza strains, have been plaguing human populations since time immemorial. Despite their long-standing impact, effective drugs are yet to be developed, and co-infection with these viruses can lead to severe health complications. In light of these challenges, this study aimed to investigate the potential antiviral molecules sourced from cyanobacteria and herbs. We conducted virtual screening using ligand-based docking to identify potential phytochemicals and cyanobacterial metabolites as candidates for further evaluation. Subsequently, pharmacophore modeling was employed to validate the binding modes of the selected compounds, followed by MM-GBSA calculations to assess their binding affinities and stabilities within the viral target. Among the molecules investigated, the cyanobacterial compound Symplocamide A (-8.042) demonstrated notable outcomes in docking than the herb molecules in the docked ligand. This finding suggests its potential as a therapeutic agent against influenza A virus proteins. Additionally, cyanobacterial molecules such as Lyngbyastatins 3 (-8.001), Lyngbyastatin G1 (-7.501), and Kempenopeptide (-6.128) exhibit stronger binding affinities and more potent docking scores, making them promising candidates for targeting viral proteins in potential therapeutic applications. The present study reveals the possibility of harnessing cyanobacterial molecules as novel antiviral agents against influenza viruses. Ultimately, we believe that this research will serve as a stepping stone in the quest for innovative drugs to combat respiratory diseases caused by viral infections.
Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are frequently utilized metallic nanoparticles in healthcare systems. In this investigation, AgNP was produced employing β-sitosterol and Woodfordia fruticosa gel for the purpose of ameliorating wound healing.
Methods: The characterization of AgNP was conducted via SEM and spectrophotometry analysis. Simultaneously, a solution with a concentration of 1 mM of silver nitrate was prepared by dissolving 16.99 mg of silver nitrate in 100 ml of distilled water. Subsequently, the API and the silver nitrate solution were utilized in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The physicochemical properties, stability, and morphology of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were evaluated through various techniques, such as zeta potential analysis and electron microscopy. These techniques were employed for the purpose of assessing the aforementioned properties. Following the gel preparation, an assessment of the gel was performed.
Result: The investigation successfully produced silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using β-sitosterol and Woodfordia fruticosa gel. To characterize the synthesized AgNP, various techniques were employed, including SEM and spectrophotometry analysis. A 1 mM solution of silver nitrate was prepared and used in the synthesis process, and the physicochemical properties, stability, and morphology of the AgNP were assessed through zeta potential analysis and electron microscopy.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles using β-sitosterol and Woodfordia fruticosa gel. The characterization techniques, including SEM and spectrophotometry, confirmed the formation of AgNP. The analysis of physicochemical properties and stability, particularly through zeta potential analysis, provided valuable insights into the stability of the synthesized nanoparticles. These findings have significant implications in the context of wound healing. Silver nanoparticles have been widely studied for their potential wound healing properties due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory characteristics. The utilization of natural compounds like β-sitosterol and botanical sources like Woodfordia fruticosa gel for the synthesis of AgNP is particularly promising as it may reduce potential toxicity and enhance the biocompatibility of these nanoparticles.
Lately, substantial exploration and study have focused on natural products, along with their bioactive compounds. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involve progressive neural breakdown and cell loss, culminating in neuronal death. The brain is susceptible to various forms of stress, particularly oxidative stress (OS) caused by the body’s oxygen requirements and utilization. The vulnerability of the brain is heightened by the significant presence of unsaturated fatty acids. To gain accurate insights into NDD, various factors such as genetics and environmental risks must be considered, as they can reduce the effectiveness of therapies for NDDs. Addressing oxidative damage and discovering safe and efficient treatments for NDDs are crucial objectives. In this pursuit, bioactive compounds play a vital role in research. Among these compounds, natural elements such as carotenoids, essential oils, essential fatty acids, polyphenols, and phytosterols are captivating due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory traits. These qualities hold the potential for enhancing brain health. This review centers on assessing how these bioactive compounds can bolster the brain’s limited antioxidant and regenerative abilities, foster neurogenesis, offer neuroprotection, and mitigate NDDs.
Microneedles (MN) have been used to deliver small molecular weight drugs, nucleotides, DNA, peptides, proteins, and even viruses that have been turned off. Over the past ten years, different kinds of MN have been made using several different production methods. Different kinds of materials have been used to make different shapes of microneedles. Using these MNs, different ways of putting drugs through the skin with microneedles have been tried. After a short introduction to microneedles for transdermal use, this review talks about the different kinds, how they are made, and recent improvements in MN delivery. In a separate part of this review, patents survey on MN using databases such as USPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Office), EPO (European Patent Office), and WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization), etc. are discussed in detail. We talked about recent improvements to MN-based methods for getting drugs and vaccines to people. Because MN worked so well, there was a lot of interest in taking advantage of the opportunities, as patent data shows. With a current worldwide perspective, the current analysis confirms the overall evolution and unexplored areas of MN research and makes microneedle-based (trans)dermal drug delivery systems for effective therapeutic effects.
Regulatory bodies are nowadays concerned with pharmaceutical drug products’ safety, efficacy, and quality. Quality is the priority of all regulatory bodies, it is a high priority for the triple P factor (patient, pharmacist, and physician). It links pharmaceutical industries and regulatory authorities for designing, manufacturing, and consistently delivering safe and efficient products.
It mainly focuses on fabricating and designing formulations and manufacturing processes to ensure predefined product quality. It is based on the ICH Guidelines Q8 for pharmaceutical development, Q9 for quality risk management, and Q10 for pharmaceutical quality systems. Some of the important effective elements of QbD are to define the target profile that what is the requirement of the pharmacist, physician, and patient (TPP-QTPP) then measuring the criticality for achieving that target (CQA) and analyzing the risk assessment of variables associated with materials and controlling processes to produce consistent quality over time. The objective of this review is to discuss the concept of Quality by Design and describe its application in pharmaceutical product development.
This review provides a concise overview of recent advances and future perspectives in co-processed excipients which is characterized by their synergistic combinations have become pivotal in pharmaceutical formulations. This review delves in to the latest innovations manufacturing techniques and applications of co-processed excipients. Emphasis is placed on enhanced functionality, and improved performance and the potential for addressing formulation challenges. The abstract concludes by highlighting the future prospects and emerging trends in this dynamic field, offering valuable insights for researchers and pharmaceutical professionals alike.
Preterm delivery is a considerable burden on prenatal healthcare and a major risk factor for neurological impairment and disability. A study looked at whether an aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini (AESC) bark could stop rats from giving birth too early. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of AESC in vitro, and the results showed that this extract possesses free radical scavenging activity, which helps to prevent premature labour. A piece of an isolated rat uterus was used for in-vitro pharmacological testing of the AESC at 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml. The extract showed free radical scavenging activity, effectively suppressing uterine contractions by 45.7% and 66.9%, respectively. The researchers concluded that AESC has considerable tocolytic activity, resulting in a decrease in the rate of premature birth. The extract showed no significant adverse effects on mothers or their infants, suggesting it may be a safe option for pregnant individuals seeking to prevent preterm labor. The extract also exhibited a dose-dependent effect, with higher doses resulting in a greater reduction in premature birth rates, further supporting its efficacy as a tocolytic agent.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with a limited number of therapeutic options. β-Secretase 1 (BACE1) is a key enzyme involved in the production of amyloid beta peptides, which are central to AD pathology. Targeting BACE1 has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of AD. Therefore, the present study aimed to discover novel drug candidates from cyanobacteria for the treatment of AD through in silico research. In this study, Schrödinger tools were used to study the binding affinities and interactions of cyanobacteria metabolites with BACE1. Almost 120 cyanobacteria metabolites against BACE1 were used for the computational investigation. Ultimately, four marine-derived compounds, namely lyngbyastatin 7, homodolastin 3, lyngbyabellin E1, and symplostatin analogue 4, showed strong binding affinities to the active site of BACE1, forming crucial hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The binding energy values of these compounds suggest their potential as BACE1 inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of these ligand-protein complexes over a period of 25 ns? Our results provide valuable insights into the potential of lyngbyastatin 7, homodolastin 3, lyngbyabellin E1, and symplostatin analog 4 as effective drugs for inhibiting BACE1. These marine-derived compounds are promising for further in vitro and in vivo studies. The present research suggests that these molecules could offer new avenues for the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
This review discusses the challenges in drug delivery and the potential benefits of Chronomodulated drug delivery for antiasthmatic drugs. It explores new drugs, personalized medicine approaches, and future directions in asthma treatment, such as immunotherapy and gene therapy. The analysis also discusses the risks of gene therapy for severe asthma and its potential benefits, such as improved medication effectiveness and reduced side effects. Chronomodulated drug delivery, which involves administering medications at specific times to align with the body’s natural rhythms, has shown promising results in improving asthma control and reducing the frequency and severity of attacks. For instance, a study found that administering a Chronomodulated antiasthmatic drug in the morning, when lung function is typically at its lowest, significantly improved drug absorption and bioavailability compared to regular drug delivery. This optimized drug delivery not only enhanced the medication’s effectiveness but also reduced the need for frequent dosing and minimized side effects, leading to better overall asthma management.
This review paper aims to provide an overview of chronomodulated drug delivery systems for the treatment of hypertension. Hypertension is a chronic medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide, and effective treatment is crucial to prevent complications such as heart disease and stroke. Chronomodulated drug delivery utilises the concept of circadian rhythms to optimise drug efficacy and minimise side effects. The paper examines various chronomodulated drug delivery approaches, including pulsatile, delayed-release, and chronopharmaceutical systems, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the potential future developments in this field are discussed, emphasising the importance of personalised medicine and the integration of wearable technology for real-time monitoring and drug administration. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the potential of chronomodulated drug delivery systems for improving patient outcomes and minimising side effects. By utilising chronomodulated drug delivery approaches, healthcare professionals can ensure that medications are released at specific times when they are most effective, thereby maximising their therapeutic benefits. Pulsatile drug delivery systems, for example, can mimic the body’s natural circadian rhythm, allowing for targeted drug release during periods of peak efficacy. Delayed-release systems, on the other hand, can help reduce side effects by delivering drugs to specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract where they are better tolerated.