This paper presents an in-depth discussion of the development of electronic skin (e-skin) devices for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) for skin health management. E-skin devices, grounded in flexible conductive polymers, demonstrate immense potential as a versatile platform for TDD due to the adaptable properties factors. The integration of sensors and electronic components into e-skin devices seamlessly allows for real-time monitoring of skin health parameters, such as temperature, hydration, and pH levels. Additionally, e-skin devices can also realize the prospect of targeted and controlled drug delivery through the utilization of iontophoresis. This paper explores the current state-of-the-art in e-skin technology, emphasizing its applications in TDD and skin disease management. Furthermore, the paper outlines the prospective directions and prevailing challenges in this rapidly evolving domain.

Health is crucial for personal happiness, productivity, and fulfillment. It impacts physical well-being, mental health, longevity, academic and professional success, and interpersonal relationships. It reduces healthcare costs, contributes to economic growth, and promotes community well-being. This paper explores the status of the healthcare system in rural India. Paper reviews available research and also collects data from rural hospitals. It also considers efforts by the Indian government and other organisations, such as Ayushman Bharat, which is acknowledged for its aim to strengthen primary healthcare and protect economically vulnerable populations. However, addressing these complex issues requires continuous efforts, adequate funding, and proactive measures in healthcare infrastructure, workforce development, and policy reforms. The presented data reflects rural areas' ongoing challenges, underscoring the pressing need for proper treatment and care. By prioritising the presented aspects, the healthcare landscape in rural India can witness positive transformations and ensure improved healthcare outcomes for its population. In this paper, the possible problems and solutions addressed which has been observed while visiting hospitals in rural areas of northeast India. Research findings emphasise the significance of implementing supply chain strategies in improving healthcare delivery. It concludes that the potential of Medical 4.0 applications with seven common effective findings can save numerous lives in rural areas by providing timely access to healthcare solutions.

Breast cancer remains a significant global health concern, necessitating the exploration of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. Dietary interventions have gained substantial attention due to their potential to modulate cancer risk and progression. Millets, a group of small-seeded grasses, have emerged as promising candidates in this regard, owing to their rich nutritional composition and diverse bioactive compounds. Among these bioactive compounds, phytate antinutrients have garnered considerable interest for their potential health benefits. This review aims to unravel the intricacies of phytate antinutrients in millets and their therapeutic implications in breast cancer. Phytates are naturally occurring compounds present in various plant-based foods, including millets, and are known for their ability to chelate minerals and inhibit their bioavailability. However, recent research has shed light on the multifaceted properties of phytates, highlighting their potential as functional bioactive molecules. Phytates exhibit various anticancer properties, including “antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects”, which have been shown to inhibit the growth and progression of breast cancer cells. Additionally, phytates have been reported to modulate key signaling pathways involved in cancer development, such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB, thereby exerting their anticancer effects. Moreover, phytates demonstrate the potential to enhance the efficacy of conventional breast cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, while mitigating their adverse effects. Furthermore, the bioavailability and metabolism of phytates are complex processes influenced by factors such as food processing, gut microbiota composition, and genetic variations. Understanding these intricacies is crucial for harnessing the full potential of phytates in breast cancer prevention and treatment. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate roles of phytate antinutrients in millets and their therapeutic implications in breast cancer. The findings suggest that millets, as a rich source of phytates, could be incorporated into dietary strategies to reduce breast cancer risk and complement existing therapeutic approaches. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action, optimal dosage, and potential synergistic effects with other bioactive compounds. The information that is given here is supported by accurate facts and arguments that have undergone rigorous scrutiny.

With the progress of digital technology and innovative drug R&D, machine learning and data-driven algorithms have been increasingly used to support the core work of pharmaceutical areas such as new drug discovery, drug reuse and drug supervision, etc. A new concept of "Smart Pharmacology" has gradually grown into a system with rich connotations and comprehensive coverage, and the related applications and industrial chain have high prospects for development. The so-called "Smart Pharmacology" mainly uses big data, cloud computing, AI, IoT, 5G, Blockchain and other forefront digital technologies to provide whole-process, information-based, intelligence-driven solutions for various scenarios in the pharmacy sectors, including new drug development, drug molecular design, hospital drug management, clinical drug decision support, modernization of traditional medicine, pharmacy informatization, drug regulation and other broad areas, with a wide range covering drug discovery, production, supply, circulation, procurement, allocation and monitoring. In fact, the emergency of smart pharmacology provides a comprehensive and optimized path for modernizing the whole life cycle management of drugs and instills new vitality into the development of modern pharmacy.

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a plant with various nutritional and medicinal properties. It contains vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols, fatty acids, and phytosterols, which have antioxidant, anticancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, dermatological, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Sea buckthorn can be used as a functional food or a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the phytochemistry, health benefits, and food applications of sea buckthorn, and highlights the potential and challenges for its further development and utilization. Sea buckthorn not only has greatmedicinal and therapeutic potential, but also is a promising economic plant. The potential of seabuckthorn in the human food industry has attracted the research interest of researchers and pro- ducers. The present review mainly summarizes the phytochemistry, nutrients, health benefits, andfood applications of sea buckthorn. Overall, sea buckthorn is a dietary source of bioactive ingredi- ents with the potential to be developed into functional foods or dietary supplements for the pre- vention and treatment of certain chronic diseases, which deserves further research.

Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), extracted from the root of Panax ginseng, is one of the most abundant ginsenosides. Rg3 exhibits anticancer activity in various cancer models in vitro and in vivo by modulating several signaling pathways, such as those of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinases, p53, nuclear factor kappa-B, and reactive oxygen species. Besides, Rg3 can be used as adjunctive with conventional anticancer therapies, enhancing therapeutic effects and reversing drug resistance in cancer therapy. So, the purpose of this review is to provide a systematic summary and analysis the anticancer effects and the potential mechanisms of Rg3 extracted from ginseng.

The use of in-silico research in drug development is growing. Aspects of drug discovery and development, such as virtual ligand screening and profiling, target and lead finding, and compound library creation, are simulated by computational approaches. Databases, pharmacophores, homology models, quantitative structure–activity connections, machine learning, data mining, network analysis tools, and computer-based data analysis tools are examples of in-silico techniques. These techniques are mostly applied in conjunction with the production of in vitro data to build models that facilitate the identification and refinement of new compounds by providing insight into their features related to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

A number of dengue viruses can seriously impact public health, and their spread has long been a concern. The development and administration of antiviral drugs have played a crucial role in combating viral infections in recent years. These drugs have shown that they can effectively inhibit viral replication and alleviate associated viral complications. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of current evidence on the effectiveness of administered antiviral drugs in controlling viral replication and treating viral problems. In the present study, the PyRx tool was used to docked proteins and ligands. In summary, the present study shows that rosmarinic acid has remarkable docking values against various dengue viral targets. Specifically, it shows a docking value of -8.0 for DENV1-E111, -8.1 for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5), -8.2 for the non-structural A chain protein 1 (NS1), and -8.6 for the RNA helicase. These results suggest that rosmarinic acid may have an antiviral effect against the virus's target proteins. Further research is needed to investigate the therapeutic effects of rosmarinic acid in fighting viral infections. In addition, many enzymatic activities of rosmarinic acid have been reported by the PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) tool. The present investigation led to the definitive conclusion that rosmarinic acid possesses remarkable antiviral properties. The present study is promising for future applications, particularly in the search for a drug molecule that can effectively combat a variety of viral infections.

The procedure for learning and creating a new medicine is widely seen as a drawn-out and costly endeavor. Different rational strategies are considered, depending on their requirements, as potential ways; nevertheless, techniques to designing drugs based on structure and ligands are well acknowledged as very practical and potent tactics in drug discovery. Computational approaches help decrease the need for Medicinal research with animals, helping to develop fresh, safe therapeutic concepts via rational design and positioning of existing products and supporting pharmaceutical scientists and medicinal chemists during the medication development process. Computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) methods are useful for reducing the time and cost of drug discovery and development and understanding the molecular mechanisms of drug action and toxicity. Molecular docking is a technique that predicts a ligand’s binding mode and affinity to a target protein. At the same time, QSAR is a technique that establishes mathematical relationships between the structural features and biological activities of a series of compounds. This study reviews the current state and applications of CADD methods, focusing on molecular docking and quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) techniques. This study reviews the principles, advantages, limitations, and challenges of these methods, as well as some recent advances and examples of their applications in drug discovery for various diseases. The study also discusses the future prospects and directions of CADD methods in the era of big data and artificial intelligence.

Vernonia cinerea L., also known as purple fleabane, is a plant with medicinal properties that have been traditionally used to treat respiratory infections, digestive disorders, and skin conditions. Its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties make it a potential candidate for treating various infections and inflammatory diseases. The plant contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and essential oils, which possess antimicrobial properties, making it a promising candidate for treating bacterial and fungal infections. Its anti-inflammatory properties have shown potential for managing inflammatory diseases like arthritis and dermatitis. Additionally, the plant's analgesic and antipyretic effects suggest its potential for pain management and fever reduction. Its antioxidant properties make it a potential candidate for preventing and treating oxidative stress-related diseases like cardiovascular disorders and neurodegenerative conditions. However, more studies are needed to determine its optimal dosage, safety profile, and potential drug interactions before widespread use in medical practice.

Employing the Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare provides many advantages for patient monitoring and analysis of the patient’s health with the help of generated data. The basic role of IoT in healthcare is to ease the patient’s life by giving them a monitor over their medical condition. The use of IoT in medical devices requires a focus on the end-user. Medical devices such as glucose meters are designed to record the data of the patient and their vital signs. The generated information can be used to enhance decision-making for the physician. The collected information about the patient can be at risk due to certain security issues during the transferring of information can compromise the identity and social life of the patient. This review explores the IoT regarding its structural requirement and its role in various fields with special emphasis on healthcare. The security and privacy issues than can hinder the utilization of IoT at its potential and ways to overcome these issues are being addressed.

Metformin hydrochloride's fast onset of action is very desirable, making it a prime candidate for the preparation of orodispersible tablets in the present study. This medication is prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes, which does not respond to insulin. The tablets were made using direct compression and a mixture of the super disintegrants sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and croscarmellose sodium (CCS). Mannitol is a sugar-based excipient that serves as a binding agent, dissolves well in water, and provides a pleasant mouth feel. The blend's pre-compression results show that the medication excipients work well together and have desirable compression characteristics. Eight distinct formulations with varying amounts of SSG, CCS, and Mannitol were made. The properties of the tablets' drug release were measured, including their in vitro disintegration time, water absorption ratio, mechanical stability, wetting time, and so on. When using a greater concentration of SSG, CCS, and Mannitol, formulations F4 and F8 showed shorter in vitro disintegration times of 10.2 and 7.8 s, respectively, and formulation F8 showed 99.65% in vitro drug release at the end of 30 min. The orodispersible tablet performance can be enhanced through direct compression using the super disintegrants inclusion methodology.

Mimusops elengi, a widely distributed tree species in tropical regions, has been used for centuries in traditional medicine due to its numerous therapeutic properties. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the phytocompounds present in various parts of Mimusops elengi, including leaves, bark, and flowers using advanced analytical techniques. The objective was to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds responsible for the plant’s medicinal attributes. Our findings revealed a diverse range of phytochemicals in Mimusops elengi. The analysis detected various classes of compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, terpenoids and glycosides. Notably, the leaves contained a significant concentration of alkaloids, particularly elengioside, which has demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Additionally, the flowers were rich in flavonoids and tannins, such as quercetin and catechin, known for their antioxidant and anticancer activities. Furthermore, the bark of Mimusops elengi exhibited the presence of terpenoids, including lupeol and betulinic acid, which have been associated with anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. These compounds may contribute to the plant’s traditional use for treating various ailments, including skin disorders and respiratory issues. This review provides valuable insights into the phytochemical composition of Mimusops elengi, shedding light on its potential therapeutic applications. Mimusops elengi holds promise as a valuable source of natural compounds with health-promoting benefits.

In the current advancement of drug delivery systems, nanoliposome vesicles act as a modernized technology for the encapsulation of bioactive agents. The prerequisite to expand biocompatible, structured, patient compliance, and guarded treatments in the biomedical sector is gaining distinctive recognition for employing the field of nanotechnology as capable medium to design new drug delivery systems. The liberty of this review is to initiate the concept of nanoliposomes and also elaborate on a few facets and mechanisms of nanoliposomes at the transdermal site. The enormous list of bioactive materials can be incorporated into nanoliposomes, ranging from the pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industry. The prototypical liposomes have inadequate possibility as a carrier for drug delivery via the skin because they do not penetrate the deeper layer of the skin. Only designed liposomes have the capacity to achieve enhanced delivery. It has unusual properties like biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nano size. The exclusive characteristics of nanoliposomes are their ability to solubilize and sectionalize both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive agents. It intensifies the performance of bioactive agent by enhancing their solubility and bioavailability. High-quality phospholipids, the cornerstone of nanoliposomal lipid bilayer are the key components. This review article intends to provide an overview of liposomes and nanoliposomes their properties, preparation methods, and evaluation parameters. Also, it explains various applications of nanoliposomes in nanotherapy including diagnostics, specifically cancer, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals.

This research investigates the potential of bioactive compounds derived from cyanobacteria as inhibitors of alpha-amylase and beta-glucosidase enzymes, which are involved in starch digestion and glucose release. The study reveals strong molecular interactions between these compounds and the enzyme active sites through docking analysis. Notably, compounds such as Abietic, Anilide, Nostocarboline, Noscomin, Tanikolide, Tubercidin, Cryptophycin, and Cyanobacteria exhibit the lowest binding energies when interacting with alpha-amylase. Among them, Noscomin demonstrates the lowest docking score and binding energy against alpha-amylase, outperforming the reference compound metformin. Similarly, these compounds also display low binding energies when interacting with beta-glucosidase. The bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria show significant potential as inhibitors of alpha-amylase and beta-glucosidase, suggesting their efficacy in managing diabetes by slowing down starch digestion and controlling glucose release. Their superior binding affinities and lower binding energies, particularly Noscomin, indicate their potential in regulating blood sugar levels by interacting effectively with these enzymes. Thus, these compounds hold promise as valuable leads for developing alpha-amylase and beta-glucosidase inhibitors, contributing to the management of diabetes. Further research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms of action and assess the bioavailability, toxicity, and pharmacological potential of these cyanobacterial compounds. This investigation provides valuable insights into the potential of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds as effective candidates for the development of novel therapeutics targeting alpha-amylase and beta-glucosidase enzymes in diabetes management.

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has already brought several advantages to the healthcare sector. Computer Vision (CV) is one of the growing modern AI technologies. The distribution and administration of medications are about to change by using CV for medication management. This system scans pharmaceutical labels and keeps track of the process from delivery to administration using cameras, sensors, and computer algorithms. In order to assure accuracy in medicine delivery and dose, the system also makes it easier for doctors, nurses, and chemists to communicate. The computer vision-driven medication management system can significantly lower the number of medical mistakes that result from inaccurate or missing prescriptions, improper doses, or simply forgetting to take a particular drug. An exhaustive literature review has been done to identify work related to the research objectives. This paper is about CV and their need in healthcare. Various tasks associated with CV in the healthcare domain are discussed. Targeted healthcare goals through CV traits are briefed. Finally, the significant applications of CVs in healthcare were identified and discussed. Nowadays, CV has practical uses in healthcare. Its methods are widely used since they have shown excellent utility in several medical contexts, including medical imaging and surgical planning. The CV is used to study how to program computers to comprehend digital pictures. Numerous medical applications utilise this technology, such as automated abnormality identification, illness diagnosis, and surgical procedure guiding. CV is expanding quickly and has enormous promise to enhance healthcare. Some of the many CV applications in the healthcare sector include patient identification systems, medical picture analysis, surgical simulation and illness diagnosis.

The study was to develop a transdermal formulation of insulin, determine its pharmaceutical characteristics, and finally test its efficacy. In the current study - Transfersomes were selected as the carrier system for insulin. The transfersomes were produced by the hand-shaking method using soy lecithin phospholipid and sodium deoxycholate as the objective of the surfactant. The prepared transfersomes were subjected to characterization with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope to estimate the shape and size of transfersomes respectively. In addition, the physical and drug-excipient interaction studies were carried out and the transfersomes were also studied for the insulin entrapment efficiency.

Results of the study showed the shape of the transfersomes was well defined and spherical. The mean size of transfersomes was estimated to be 130 nm The transfersomes were found to be stable over a period of four weeks. The insulin entrapment efficiency of the transfersomes was estimated to be 87.3%. The ex-vivo skin permeation study employing goat ear skin with the transfersomes hydrogel revealed that there was a slow and sustained release of insulin till 180 min. From the above study, it may be concluded that transfersomes are suitable carriers of insulin across biological membranes.

Cowhide collagen hydrolysates (CCHs) are peptides and amino acids obtained from the partial hydrolysis of collagen. These have numerous potential applications in the food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. The study analyzed the physicochemical, antioxidant, and anti-atherosclerosis properties of collagen hydrolysates (CCHs) from cowhide using in silico methods. Proteins were identified in silico based on their molecular weights and origin from the protein database (UniProtKB). Using bioinformatics tools, numerous physicochemical properties (toxicity and amino acid composition) were determined. The identified proteins were subsequently subjected to an in silico enzymatic hydrolysis using pepsin, thermolysin, and proteinase K. The peptides obtained were characterized. Molecular docking was conducted between the peptides generated in silico and the three target enzymes (3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, cyclooxygenase-2, and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase). Two cowhide collagens were identified, F1MJQ6 and G3MZI7, with molecular weights of 172,076 and 184,867 Da, respectively. A compositional analysis of F1MJQ6 and G3MZI7 revealed the significant presence of glycine residues at 25% and 23%, and proline residues at 16% and 18%, respectively. The G3MZI7 and F1MJQ6 proteins exhibited a high concentration of both essential and semiessential amino acids. The molecular docking results indicate that the antioxidant peptides ADF, PHF, and LW (novel potential anti-atherosclerosis peptides released by enzymatic hydrolysis with pepsin, thermolysin, and proteinase K) are the most promising candidates for further development as inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and NADPH oxidase. In silico analysis revealed that cowhide collagen hydrolysates exhibited particularly significant antioxidant and anti-atherosclerosis properties.

Background: A large amount of waste has been produced by urbanization, industrial growth and global over-population. This is observed as a major global issue in need of immediate attention. Furthermore, the whole medicine and healthcare system has been impacted by the advancements in the realm of biomedicine. This has made it possible to significantly improve the results of biological approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of various illnesses.

Purpose: Various recycled nanomaterials (RNMs) have been developed specifically for biomedical applications including vaccines, medication delivery and imaging modalities. RNMs are prepared with various wastes and offer a cutting-edge strategy for avoiding harmful environmental effects as well as implementing a circular economy, which is essential for achieving sustainable growth. Additionally, these can also be employed as a novel, safe substitute with exceptional potential for numerous biomedical uses.

Conclusion: This review highlights the properties of biomedical recycled nanomaterials and their potential applications in the early detection and prevention of various diseases. The therapeutic actions of these materials include antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties, and their use as nanodrugs and nano-vaccines is also discussed. The design of RNMs is constantly improving, expanding their therapeutic applications for precision medicine.

Oral thrush, also known as candidiasis, is one of the most common parasitic infections of the human mouth. A 35-year-old female patient complaining of breathlessness, cough, and fever. She was prescribed azithromycin 500 mg po (per os; by mouth, orally), co-trimoxazole 160 mg + 800 mg po, and Paracetamol 500 mg po t.d.s. After 10 days, she visited a tertiary care hospital complaining of severe oral thrush, itching, white bumps over her cheeks and tongue, and difficulty swallowing. She stopped taking solid food due to severe pain. Her laboratory tests revealed that her haemoglobin was -6.8 g/dl (12–16 g/dl) and her erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 45 mm/h. Due to a side effect of the antibiotics, she had very bad mouth thrush. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of oral candida inducing a patient after treatment with the anti-candida drugs, and it suggests that this side effect should be taken into account when prescribing these antibiotics.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in Indian healthcare is set to revolutionize drug related problem (DRP) management, ensuring patient safety and optimizing healthcare outcomes. AI-driven drug discovery will enable precision medicine by tailoring treatments to individual patient profiles, genetics, and environmental factors. Medication management will be greatly improved through AI-powered applications that track and monitor patients' medication schedules, reducing adverse reactions and enhancing treatment effectiveness. AI algorithms will play a vital role in identifying potential drug interactions and safety concerns, offering real-time alerts to healthcare providers. Personalized drug prescriptions and dosage recommendations will minimize medication errors and maximize treatment efficacy. Healthcare chatbots will empower patients with accurate information, enabling them to actively manage their health and make informed decisions. AI-driven data analytics will facilitate population health management, guiding evidence-based decision-making to address public health concerns effectively. Remote healthcare services powered by AI-driven telemedicine platforms will bridge the gap between underserved populations and healthcare facilities, providing equitable access to quality care. Despite the transformative potential, challenges such as data privacy, regulatory compliance, and integration with existing healthcare infrastructure must be addressed responsibly. By embracing AI technologies collaboratively, Indian healthcare will enter an era of enhanced DRP management, leading to improved patient safety, optimized healthcare outcomes, and a more efficient and equitable healthcare system.

Background: ZnO-NPs is an inorganic metal oxide that meets as medicine, a preservative in packaging, as well as an antibacterial agent without risk. The qualities of ZnO-NPs are influenced by their size, shape, concentration, and length of contact with the bacterial cell. There are many uses for ZnO including food technology, agriculture, cosmetology, optoelectronics, drug transporters, and antibacterial agents.

Methods: The antibacterial potential of ZnO-NPs mediated by plant extracts is superior against bacterial and fungal infections and human diseases. Trifolium, Justicia adhathoda, Physalis alkekengi L, Cassia auriculata, Pretence blossoms, Aloe barbadenis, Pongamia pinnata, Limoniaacidissima, Plectranthusamboinicus, Sedum alfredii Hance, and Aspidoterys cordata have all been discovered as excellent sources for the synthesis of NPs. ZnO-NPs is an inorganic metal oxide that meets the above-mentioned requirements, which can be utilised as medicine, a preservative in packaging, as well as an antibacterial agent without risk16. The qualities of ZnO-NPs are influenced by their size, shape, concentration, and length of contact with the bacterial cell.

Conclusion: It provides an overview of the numerous synthesis approaches, characterization techniques, and biomedical uses of organically generated ZnO-NPs in food, pharmaceutical and textile sectors. It has been discovered that ZnO-NPs produced by green synthesis are more useful for pharmacological and biological applications, particularly antimicrobials.

Ficus benghalensis is the ingredient of a variety of Ayurvedic herbal formulations for the management of blood-related illnesses. In the current study, the new-fangled stem ethanol extract fractions in chloroform and methanol (CFFB & MFFB) were assessed for antiplatelet, thrombolytic and toxicity studies, as well as for phytoconstituent identification GC/MS was performed. The dried powdered stem bud was extracted with 80% ethanol and successively fractionated by chloroform and methanol (CFFB & MFFB). The anti-platelet, anti-thrombotic, and thrombolytic, activity of CFFB & MFFB were tested in ex vivo mode and toxicity of methanol fraction (MFFB) was tested in in vivo. The chief feasible marker components for antiplatelet activity recognized by GC-MS in the MFFB are Diethyl phthalate, (E)-4-(3-Hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenol, 7,9-Di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro (4,5) deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione and trans-Sinapyl alcohol might act as irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitors like Aspirin. In the study, at 50 μg/mL, the antiplatelet activity of CFFB, MFFB, and aspirin was 50.41, 82.19, and 86.34%, and a substantial adjournment in clot development was observed whereas CFFB at different dosages did not exhibit significant outcome on the adjournment of clot formation, antiplatelet, and antioxidant activity. The toxicity examination of MFFB did not confirm any substantial signs of toxicity and mortality up to 1.5 g/kg, b.w and non-toxic up to 1.0 g/kg, b.w which is capable of the comportment of atherothrombotic ailments. The MFFB exhibited anti-platelet, anti-thrombotic, thrombolytic, and anti-oxidant activity, and capacity to prevent cardiovascular disorders without causing toxicity.

The significant gap between animal experimentation and clinical trials has resulted in immense expenses in time and money in drug development. The popularity of researches on alternative models to animal experimentation has grown, with the development of artificial organs at its forefront. Three state-of-the-art technologies used to simulate organs are organ-on-a-chip, organoid, and 3D bioprinting. Organ-on-a-chip technology utilizes flexible fluidic manipulation and accurate recreation of the cell microenvironment. Organoid technology allows for the development of personalized mini-organs and the testing of drugs on different human species. 3D bioprinting technology is capable of creating artificial organs with intricate 3D structures. All these technologies play a significant role in developing drugs in highly efficient mode.

MAOs are flavoenzymes that aid in the oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and epinephrine. MAO inhibitors are antidepressants that act by inhibiting neurotransmitter breakdown in the brain and controlling mood. MAO inhibitors with the chlorophenyl-chromone-carboxamide structure have been shown in investigations to be extremely effective. The current study employs in-silico screening, MD simulation, and drug kinetics evaluation, all of which are evaluated using different criteria. The study comprised 37 ligands, and three stood out as the best, with greater binding scores above the threshold value. Docking analysis found that compound 34 had the highest docking score in the series (-13.60 kcal/mol) and interacted with the important amino acids TYR 435, CYS 397, CYS 172, PHE 343, TYR 398, and LYS 296 required for MAO inhibitory activity. The ADMET study revealed that the compounds had drug-like properties. The results of this study could be used to develop chromone drugs that target the MAO inhibitor. The top three ligands with the highest force and work were then simulated using molecular dynamics. The protein-ligand complexes had steady trajectories throughout the 100 ns simulation, according to the data. Furthermore, the drug likeliness predicted by ADMET analysis findings indicated that the top three lead compounds had strong inhibitory efficiency, superior pharmacokinetics, and were non-toxic under physiological settings. As a result, these compounds have the potential to be exploited as possible treatment medications for PD.

This study focuses on the development of a liposomal preparation for the targeted delivery of Telmisartan in the context of breast cancer treatment. Telmisartan, a pharmaceutical agent with potential anticancer properties, has been encapsulated within liposomes, lipid-based vesicles known for their capacity to enhance drug delivery and improve therapeutic outcomes. The formulation and characterization of Telmisartan-loaded liposomes were conducted, evaluating factors such as size, shape, and drug release profiles. The findings demonstrate that the liposomal preparation effectively encapsulates Telmisartan, maintaining its pharmacological properties. The development of such liposomal formulations holds promise for advancing breast cancer therapies, offering the potential for enhanced treatment efficacy and reduced side effects. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to explore innovative drug delivery strategies in the realm of breast cancer treatment. Breast cancer is a pervasive and challenging malignancy affecting women worldwide. In the quest for more effective and targeted treatment approaches, the development of liposomal preparations for delivering therapeutic agents to breast cancer cells has emerged as a promising avenue. Telmisartan, originally recognized for its antihypertensive properties, has been increasingly investigated for its potential anticancer effects. This study delves into the design and evaluation of a liposomal formulation for Telmisartan, aiming to enhance its therapeutic potential in breast cancer. The formulation process involved the encapsulation of Telmisartan within lipid-based liposomes, which are well-known for their ability to carry a variety of drugs, protect them from degradation, and enhance their selective delivery to tumor cells.

Background: Huangqin-Jinyinhua couplet medicines (HQJYH) were often used to treat hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD), although its mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the active ingredients in HQJYH and their mechanism when treating HFMD by network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Methods: The TCMSP database obtained the principal active ingredients found in HQJYH. The GeneCards, CTD, PharmGkb and DisGeNet databases were used to obtain the main targets involved in HFMD, and the merged targets were obtained by R software and the Venn package. The DAVID database performed GO and KEGG enrichment analyses on the intersection targets. We also used Cytoscape software to construct an “HQJYH-Active Ingredients-Targets” network and used the STRING platform to conduct protein–protein interaction (PPI) analyses on the intersection targets. Molecular docking of core active ingredients-core targets interactions were modeled using AutoDock Vina software.

Results: 56 active ingredients were found in HQJYH, corresponding to 212 targets, 5323 HFMD targets, and 156 intersection targets. KEGG enrichment analysis found that genes were mainly enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and other pathways. Cytoscape showed that the core active ingredients were quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, wogonin, baicalein and acacetin. The PPI network showed that the core targets involved were TP53, CASP3, AKT1, IL6, MAPK14, EGFR, and HIF1A. The molecular docking results indicated key binding activity between Baicalein-AKT1, quercetin-AKT1, wogonin-AKT1, kaempferol-AKT and wogonin-MAPK14.

Conclusion: This study was based on network pharmacology and revealed the potential molecular mechanisms involved in treating HFMD by HQJYH.

The newly identified COVID-19 variant, B.1.1.529, initially detected in South Africa, was officially designated as the “Omicron” variant by the World Health Organization on November 26, 2021. This variant has raised concerns globally. From January 17 to November 26, 2021, Public Health Ontario (PHO) Library Services conducted extensive searches of published literature and preprints using the MEDLINE database. A total of six articles and one ongoing clinical trial were identified. Data from 15 published and unpublished reports, including interim findings, were collected. The WHO, ICMR, daily updates web page, internet sources, news, and hospitalization or death data were analyzed to assess the risk associated with the Omicron variant compared to non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The data suggested a potential 50% increase in the risk of hospitalization or death among Omicron patients compared to previous variants. Considering the emergence of the Omicron variant, it is important to note that India has an advantage due to its extensive immunization program, which annually vaccinates approximately 2.7 crorenewborns. However, it is crucial to ensure that vaccines meet all validation requirements and regulatory frameworks before they are made available to the public.

This study assessed Lavandula stoechas flower extract's impact on Isoprenaline-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Five groups of five rats each were used. Group I received 1 ml/kg normal saline orally for 13 days, Group II received 10 ml/kg normal saline orally, Group III received 200 mg/kg Lavandula stoechas extract orally, Group IV received 400 mg/kg Lavandula stoechas extract orally, and Group V received 10 mg/kg Metoprolol orally. On days 14 and 15, Group I received 0.5 ml/kg subcutaneous normal saline, and Groups II to V received 85 mg/kg Isoprenaline subcutaneously. On day 16, rats were weighed, and cardiac blood samples were collected. Serum was analyzed for total protein, triglycerides, and cardiac enzymes (cardiac injury markers). Rats were sacrificed, and heart tissues were histologically examined.

Results showed significant serum marker enzyme reductions (p < 0.01) in Lavandula stoechas-treated rats. Total protein and triglyceride levels (p < 0.01) decreased, and heart weight-to-body weight ratio (p < 0.05) decreased in Lavandula stoechas-treated rats. Histopathology confirmed the extract's protective effect.

In conclusion, Lavandula stoechas flower extract offers protection against Isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats.

This comprehensive review explores modern granulation techniques in pharmaceutical dosage forms along with conventional methods, focusing on dry granulation and wet granulation. Dry granulation techniques, including slugging, roller compaction, and pneumatic dry granulation, are dissected with thorough analyses of their processing methods, advantages, disadvantages, and diverse applications. The article delves into eleven wet granulation techniques, offering insights into high-shear granulation, low-shear granulation, fluidized bed granulation, reverse wet granulation, steam granulation, moisture-activated dry granulation, melt granulation, freeze-dry granulation, foam granulation, thermal adhesion, and twin screw wet granulation. Each method is scrutinized, providing a comprehensive understanding of its processing steps, merits, drawbacks, and practical applications in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The article serves as a valuable resource for researchers, pharmaceutical professionals, and students, offering a nuanced exploration of diverse granulation techniques vital in drug formulation. This synthesis of information aims to enhance the understanding of granulation processes, facilitating informed decision-making in pharmaceutical development and manufacturing.