Quantum teleportation and remote sensing through semiconductor quantum dots affected by pure dephasing

Abstract

Quantum teleportation allows the transmission of quantum states over arbitrary distances and is an applied tool in quantum computation and communication. This paper theoretically addresses the feasibility of quantum teleportation based on a single semiconductor quantum dot influenced by pure dephasing through the biexciton cascade decay. We also investigate the idea of remote sensing in quantum teleportation affected by pure dephasing. In particular, we compare the quality of quantum teleportation in single- and two-qubit schemes and show that, within the present model, single-qubit quantum teleportation has a quantum advantage. Finally, to investigate the dynamics of the system, we introduce important witnesses of the non-Markovian dynamics of the system, so that our results may solve outstanding problems in the realization of faithful quantum teleportation over a long time.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

quantum teleportation / semiconductor quantum dots / quantum phase estimation / remote sensing

References

[1] M. L. Hu, Teleportation of the one-qubit state in decoherence environments, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 44(2), 025502 (2011)

[2] M. L. Hu, Relations between entanglement, Bell-inequality violation and teleportation fidelity for the two-qubit X states, Quantum Inform. Process. 12(1), 229 (2013)

[3] A. Kumar, S. Haddadi, M. R. Pourkarimi, B. K. Behera, and P. K. Panigrahi, Experimental realization of controlled quantum teleportation of arbitrary qubit states via cluster states, Sci. Rep. 10(1), 13608 (2020)

[4] D. A. Vajner, L. Rickert, T. Gao, K. Kaymazlar, and T. Heindel, Quantum communication using semiconductor quantum dots, Adv. Quantum Technol. 5(7), 2100116 (2022)

[5] M.A. NielsenI.L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Cambridge University Press, 2010

[6] S. Pirandola, U. L. Andersen, L. Banchi, M. Berta, D. Bunandar, R. Colbeck, D. Englund, T. Gehring, C. Lupo, C. Ottaviani, J. L. Pereira, M. Razavi, J. Shamsul Shaari, M. Tomamichel, V. C. Usenko, G. Vallone, P. Villoresi, and P. Wallden, Advances in quantum cryptography, Adv. Opt. Photonics 12(4), 1012 (2020)

[7] H. W. Wang, C. W. Tsai, J. Lin, Y. Y. Huang, and C. W. Yang, Efficient and secure measure-resend authenticated semi-quantum key distribution protocol against reflecting attack, Mathematics 10(8), 1241 (2022)

[8] Y. Zhu, L. Mao, H. Hu, Y. Wang, and Y. Guo, Adaptive continuous-variable quantum key distribution with discrete modulation regulative in free space, Mathematics 10(23), 4450 (2022)

[9] S. Haddadi, M. Hadipour, S. Haseli, A. U. Rahman, and A. Czerwinski, Quantum advantages of teleportation and dense coding protocols in an open system, Mathematics 11(6), 1407 (2023)

[10] S. M. Hosseiny, Quantum dense coding and teleportation based on two coupled quantum dot molecules influenced by intrinsic decoherence, tunneling rates, and Coulomb coupling interaction, Appl. Phys. B 130(1), 8 (2024)

[11] S. M. Hosseiny, Quantum teleportation and phase quantum estimation in a two-qubit state influenced by dipole and symmetric cross interactions, Phys. Scr. 98(11), 115101 (2023)

[12] S. M. Hosseiny, J. Seyed-Yazdi, and M. Norouzi, Faithful quantum teleportation through common and independent qubit-noise configurations and multi-parameter estimation in the output of teleported state, AVS Quantum Science 6(1), 014405 (2024)

[13] C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres, and W. K. Wootters, Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein−Podolsky−Rosen channels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70(13), 1895 (1993)

[14] D. Boschi, S. Branca, F. De Martini, L. Hardy, and S. Popescu, Experimental realization of teleporting an unknown pure quantum state via dual classical and Einstein‒Podolsky‒Rosen channels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80(6), 1121 (1998)

[15] D. Bouwmeester, J. W. Pan, K. Mattle, M. Eibl, H. Weinfurter, and A. Zeilinger, Experimental quantum teleportation, Nature 390(6660), 575 (1997)

[16] S. Pirandola, J. Eisert, C. Weedbrook, A. Furusawa, and S. L. Braunstein, Advances in quantum teleportation, Nat. Photonics 9(10), 641 (2015)

[17] L. Ali, Rameez-ul-Islam Ikram, M. Abbas, and T. Ahmad, Teleportation of atomic external states on the internal degrees of freedom, Quantum Inform. Process. 21(2), 55 (2022)

[18] N. Zidan, A. ur Rahman, and S. Haddadi, Quantum teleportation in a two-superconducting qubit system under dephasing noisy channel: Role of Josephson and mutual coupling energies, Laser Phys. Lett. 20(2), 025204 (2023)

[19] H. R. Jahromi, Remote sensing and faithful quantum teleportation through non-localized qubits, Phys. Lett. A 424, 127850 (2022)

[20] S. M. Hosseiny, J. Seyed-Yazdi, M. Norouzi, and P. Livreri, Quantum teleportation in Heisenberg chain with magnetic-field gradient under intrinsic decoherence, Sci. Rep. 14(1), 9607 (2024)

[21] S. Salimian, M. Tavassoly, and M. Ghasemi, Multistage entanglement swapping using superconducting qubits in the absence and presence of dissipative environment without Bell state measurement, Sci. Rep. 13(1), 16342 (2023)

[22] M. E. Kirdi, A. Slaoui, H. E. Hadfi, and M. Daoud, Improving the probabilistic quantum teleportation efficiency of arbitrary superposed coherent state using multipartite even and odd j-spin coherent states as resource, Appl. Phys. B 129(6), 94 (2023)

[23] S. Salimian, M. Tavassoly, and N. Sehati, Quantum teleportation of the entangled superconducting qubits via LC resonators, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 62(4), 85 (2023)

[24] F. Jahanbakhsh and M. Tavassoly, Teleportation of unknown states of a qubit and a single-mode field in strong coupling regime without Bell-state measurement, Commum. Theor. Phys. 75(2), 025103 (2023)

[25] S. Salimian, M. Tavassoly, and N. Sehati, Teleportation of the entangled state of two superconducting qubits, Europhys. Lett. 138(5), 55004 (2022)

[26] N. Zidan, Quantum teleportation via two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ chain, Can. J. Phys. 92(5), 406 (2014)

[27] M. Otten, K. Kapoor, A. B. Özgüler, E. T. Holland, J. B. Kowalkowski, Y. Alexeev, and A. L. Lyon, Impacts of noise and structure on quantum information encoded in a quantum memory, Phys. Rev. A 104(1), 012605 (2021)

[28] Y. Yao, X. Xiao, L. Ge, X. Wang, and C. Sun, Quantum Fisher information in noninertial frames, Phys. Rev. A 89(4), 042336 (2014)

[29] A. Redwan, A. H. Abdel-Aty, N. Zidan, and T. El-Shahat, Dynamics of the entanglement and teleportation of thermal state of a spin chain with multiple interactions, Chaos 29(1), 013138 (2019)

[30] C. W. Helstrom, Quantum detection and estimation theory, J. Stat. Phys. 1(2), 231 (1969)

[31] M. G. Paris, Quantum estimation for quantum technology, Int. J. Quant. Inf. 7(supp01), 125 (2009)

[32] U. Dorner, R. Demkowicz-Dobrzanski, B. J. Smith, J. S. Lundeen, W. Wasilewski, K. Banaszek, and I. A. Walmsley, Optimal quantum phase estimation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(4), 040403 (2009)

[33] H. Abdel-Hameed, N. Zidan, and N. Metwally, Quantum Fisher information of two superconducting charge qubits under dephasing noisy channel, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 32(22), 1850245 (2018)

[34] X.LuH.Lin, Unbiased quantum phase estimation, arXiv: 2210.00231 (2022)

[35] J. Liu, H. Yuan, X. M. Lu, and X. Wang, Quantum Fisher information matrix and multiparameter estimation, J. Phys. A Math. Theor. 53(2), 023001 (2020)

[36] M. Gessner and A. Smerzi, Statistical speed of quantum states: Generalized quantum Fisher information and Schatten speed, Phys. Rev. A 97(2), 022109 (2018)

[37] H. R. Jahromi and R. L. Franco, Hilbert‒Schmidt speed as an efficient figure of merit for quantum estimation of phase encoded into the initial state of open n-qubit systems, Sci. Rep. 11, 7128 (2021)

[38] H.P. BreuerF. Petruccione, The Theory of Open Quantum Systems, Oxford University Press, USA, 2002

[39] A.RivasS. F. Huelga, Open Quantum Systems, Vol. 10, Springer, 2012

[40] X. Cai and Y. Zheng, Quantum dynamical speedup in a nonequilibrium environment, Phys. Rev. A 95(5), 052104 (2017)

[41] X. Cai and Y. Zheng, Non-Markovian decoherence dynamics in nonequilibrium environments, J. Chem. Phys. 149, 094107 (2018)

[42] X. Cai, Quantum dephasing induced by non-Markovian random telegraph noise, Sci. Rep. 10(1), 88 (2020)

[43] A. Czerwinski, Quantum communication with polarization-encoded qubits under majorization monotone dynamics, Mathematics 10(21), 3932 (2022)

[44] H. P. Breuer, E. M. Laine, and J. Piilo, Measure for the degree of non-Markovian behavior of quantum processes in open systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(21), 210401 (2009)

[45] H. P. Breuer, E. M. Laine, J. Piilo, and B. Vacchini, Non-Markovian dynamics in open quantum systems, Rev. Mod. Phys. 88(2), 021002 (2016)

[46] H.ChenT. HanM.ChenJ.RenX.Cai X.MengY. Peng, in: Photonics, Vol. 10, MDPI, 2023, p. 134

[47] P. Hauke, M. Heyl, L. Tagliacozzo, and P. Zoller, Measuring multipartite entanglement through dynamic susceptibilities, Nat. Phys. 12(8), 778 (2016)

[48] V. Erol, F. Ozaydin, and A. A. Altintas, Analysis of entanglement measures and LOCC maximized quantum Fisher information of general two qubit systems, Sci. Rep. 4(1), 5422 (2014)

[49] X. M. Lu, X. Wang, and C. Sun, Quantum Fisher information flow and non-Markovian processes of open systems, Phys. Rev. A 82(4), 042103 (2010)

[50] B.E. Kane, A silicon-based nuclear spin quantum computer, Nature 393, 133 (1998)

[51] W. Zhou and J. J. Coleman, Semiconductor quantum dots, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 20(6), 352 (2016)

[52] G. Pfanner, M. Seliger, and U. Hohenester, Entangled photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots: The role of pure dephasing, Phys. Rev. B 78(19), 195410 (2008)

[53] M. Bayer, O. Stern, P. Hawrylak, S. Fafard, and A. Forchel, Hidden symmetries in the energy levels of excitonic “artificial atoms”, Nature 405(6789), 923 (2000)

[54] U. Leonhardt, Quantum physics of simple optical instruments, Rep. Prog. Phys. 66(7), 1207 (2003)

[55] N. Akopian, N. Lindner, E. Poem, Y. Berlatzky, J. Avron, D. Gershoni, B. Gerardot, and P. Petroff, Entangled photon pairs from semiconductor quantum dots, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(13), 130501 (2006)

[56] R.M. StevensonR.J. YoungP.Atkinson K.CooperD. A. RitchieA.J. Shields, A semiconductor source of triggered entangled photon pairs, Nature 439(7073), 179 (2006)

[57] P.HarrisonA. Valavanis, Quantum Wells, Wires and Dots: Theoretical and Computational Physics of Semiconductor Nanostructures, John Wiley & Sons, 2016

[58] D.BimbergM. GrundmannN.N. Ledentsov, Quantum Dot Heterostructures, John Wiley & Sons, 1999

[59] B. W. Lovett, J. H. Reina, A. Nazir, and G. A. D. Briggs, Optical schemes for quantum computation in quantum dot molecules, Phys. Rev. B 68(20), 205319 (2003)

[60] F. Basso Basset, F. Salusti, L. Schweickert, M. B. Rota, D. Tedeschi, S. F. Covre da Silva, E. Roccia, V. Zwiller, K. D. Jöns, A. Rastelli, and R. Trotta, Quantum teleportation with imperfect quantum dots, npj Quantum Inf. 7, 7 (2021)

[61] C. Schimpf, M. Reindl, D. Huber, B. Lehner, S. F. Covre Da Silva, S. Manna, M. Vyvlecka, P. Walther, and A. Rastelli, Quantum cryptography with highly entangled photons from semiconductor quantum dots, Sci. Adv. 7(16), eabe8905 (2021)

[62] L. Chotorlishvili, A. Gudyma, J. Wätzel, A. Ernst, and J. Berakdar, Spin−orbit-coupled quantum memory of a double quantum dot, Phys. Rev. B 100(17), 174413 (2019)

[63] F. Basso Basset, M. Valeri, J. Neuwirth, E. Polino, M. B. Rota, D. Poderini, C. Pardo, G. Rodari, E. Roccia, S. F. Covre da Silva, G. Ronco, N. Spagnolo, A. Rastelli, G. Carvacho, F. Sciarrino, and R. Trotta, Daylight entanglement-based quantum key distribution with a quantum dot source, Quantum Sci. Technol. 8(2), 025002 (2023)

[64] F. Fanchini, L. Castelano, and A. Caldeira, Entanglement versus quantum discord in two coupled double quantum dots, New J. Phys. 12(7), 073009 (2010)

[65] P. Oliveira and L. Sanz, Bell states and entanglement dynamics on two coupled quantum molecules, Ann. Phys. 356, 244 (2015)

[66] B. Szafran, Paired electron motion in interacting chains of quantum dots, Phys. Rev. B 101(7), 075306 (2020)

[67] X. K. Qin, Decoherence of the hybrid qubit in a double quantum dot, Europhys. Lett. 114(3), 37006 (2016)

[68] F. Souza, P. Oliveira, and L. Sanz, Quantum entanglement driven by electron-vibrational mode coupling, Phys. Rev. A 100(4), 042309 (2019)

[69] F. de Pasquale, G. Giorgi, and S. Paganelli, Teleportation on a quantum dot array, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(12), 120502 (2004)

[70] D. D. B. Rao, S. Ghosh, and P. K. Panigrahi, Generation of entangled channels for perfect teleportation using multielectron quantum dots, Phys. Rev. A 78(2), 042328 (2008)

[71] G. Bowen and S. Bose, Teleportation as a depolarizing quantum channel, relative entropy, and classical capacity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87(26), 267901 (2001)

[72] M.NakaharaT. Ohmi, Quantum Computing: From Linear Algebra to Physical Realizations, CRC Press, 2008

[73] J. Lee and M. Kim, Entanglement teleportation via Werner states, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(18), 4236 (2000)

[74] S. L. Braunstein and C. M. Caves, Statistical distance and the geometry of quantum states, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72(22), 3439 (1994)

[75] S. A. Haine, Mean-field dynamics and Fisher information in matter wave interferometry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116(23), 230404 (2016)

[76] V. Giovannetti, S. Lloyd, and L. Maccone, Quantum metrology, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(1), 010401 (2006)

[77] H. R. Jahromi, K. Mahdavipour, M. K. Shadfar, and R. L. Franco, Witnessing non-Markovian effects of quantum processes through Hilbert−Schmidt speed, Phys. Rev. A 102(2), 022221 (2020)

[78] W. K. Wootters, Entanglement of formation of an arbitrary state of two qubits, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80(10), 2245 (1998)

[79] S.PopescuD. Rohrlich, On the Measure of Entanglement for Pure States, Citeseer, 1997

[80] C. H. Bennett, H. J. Bernstein, S. Popescu, and B. Schumacher, Concentrating partial entanglement by local operations, Phys. Rev. A 53(4), 2046 (1996)

[81] E. M. Laine, J. Piilo, and H. P. Breuer, Measure for the non-Markovianity of quantum processes, Phys. Rev. A 81(6), 062115 (2010)

[82] I. de Vega and D. Alonso, Dynamics of non-Markovian open quantum systems, Rev. Mod. Phys. 89(1), 015001 (2017)

[83] Z. Yuan, B. E. Kardynal, R. M. Stevenson, A. J. Shields, C. J. Lobo, K. Cooper, N. S. Beattie, D. A. Ritchie, and M. Pepper, Electrically driven single-photon source, Science 295(5552), 102 (2002)

[84] G. Milburn, Intrinsic decoherence in quantum mechanics, Phys. Rev. A 44(9), 5401 (1991)

[85] D. Walls and G. J. Milburn, in: Quantum Optics, Springer, 2008, pp 307–346

[86] M. B. Plenio and P. L. Knight, The quantum-jump approach to dissipative dynamics in quantum optics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70(1), 101 (1998)

[87] S. Hesabi and D. Afshar, Non-Markovianity measure of Gaussian channels based on fidelity of teleportation, Phys. Lett. A 410, 127482 (2021)

[88] H. Rangani Jahromi and R. Lo Franco, Searching for exceptional points and inspecting non-contractivity of trace distance in (anti-)PT-symmetric systems, Quantum Inform. Process. 21(4), 155 (2022)

[89] P. Yin, Y. Takeuchi, W. H. Zhang, Z. Q. Yin, Y. Matsuzaki, X. X. Peng, X. Y. Xu, J. S. Xu, J. S. Tang, Z. Q. Zhou, G. Chen, C. F. Li, and G. C. Guo, Experimental demonstration of secure quantum remote sensing, Phys. Rev. Appl. 14(1), 014065 (2020)

[90] C. T. Fancher, D. R. Scherer, M. C. S. John, and B. L. S. Marlow, Rydberg atom electric field sensors for communications and sensing, IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering 2, 1 (2021)

[91] R. A. Bowell, M. J. Brandsema, B. M. Ahmed, R. M. Narayanan, S. W. Howell, and J. M. Dilger, in: Radar Sensor Technology XXIV, Vol. 11408, SPIE, 2020, pp 137–150

[92] M. J. Brandsema, R. M. Narayanan, and M. Lanzagorta, in: Radar Sensor Technology XXIV, Vol. 11408, SPIE, 2020, pp 113–126

[93] A. Sebastianelli, D. A. Zaidenberg, D. Spiller, B. Le Saux, and S. L. Ullo, On circuit-based hybrid quantum neural networks for remote sensing imagery classification, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 15, 565 (2022)

[94] G. Y. Slepyan, S. Vlasenko, and D. Mogilevtsev, Quantum antennas, Adv. Quantum Technol. 3(4), 1900120 (2020)

[95] H. Okane, H. Hakoshima, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Seki, and Y. Matsuzaki, Quantum remote sensing under the effect of dephasing, Phys. Rev. A 104(6), 062610 (2021)

[96] H. Rangani Jahromi and M. Amniat-Talab, Precision of estimation and entropy as witnesses of non-Markovianity in the presence of random classical noises, Ann. Phys. 360, 446 (2015)

[97] P. J. Mohr and W. D. Phillips, Dimensionless units in the SI, Metrologia 52(1), 40 (2014)

[98] S. M. Hosseiny, H. Rangani Jahromi, and M. Amniat-Talab, Monitoring variations of refractive index via Hilbert–Schmidt speed and applying this phenomenon to improve quantum metrology, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 56, 175402 (2023)

[99] D. Ellis, R. Stevenson, R. Young, A. Shields, P. Atkinson, and D. Ritchie, Control of fine-structure splitting of individual InAs quantum dots by rapid thermal annealing, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011907 (2007)

[100] R. Seguin, A. Schliwa, S. Rodt, K. Pötschke, U. Pohl, and D. Bimberg, Size-dependent fine-structure splitting in self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(25), 257402 (2005)

[101] A. J. Hudson, R. M. Stevenson, A. J. Bennett, R. J. Young, C. A. Nicoll, P. Atkinson, K. Cooper, D. A. Ritchie, and A. J. Shields, Coherence of an entangled exciton−photon state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(26), 266802 (2007)

[102] U.HohenesterG.PfannerM.Seliger, Phonon-assisted decoherence in the production of polarization-entangled photons in a single semiconductor quantum dot, arXiv: 0706.4155 (2007)

Declarations

The authors declare no competing interests and no conflicts.

Author contributions

Practical research was conducted by S.M.H. and M.N. Interpretations and comparison of results and writing of the article were done by S.M.H. and M.N. with the help of J.S.Y. The article was reviewed and edited by J.S.Y.

Data availability statement

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this paper.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank J. Teixeira for helping with the manuscript and valuable comments.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2024 Higher Education Press