Dipolar Bose gas with SU(3) spin−orbit coupling held under a toroidal trap

Abstract

We consider a dipolar spin-1 Bose gas with SU(3) spin−orbit coupling trapped in a two-dimensional toroidal trap. Due to the combined effects of SU(3) spin−orbit coupling, dipole−dipole interaction, and spin−exchange interaction, the system exhibits a rich variety of ground-state phases and topological defects, including modified stripe, azimuthal distributed petal and triangular lattice, double-quantum spin vortices, and so on. In particular, by studying the spin texture of such a system, it is found that the formation and transformation between meron and skyrmion topological spin textures can be realized by a choice of dipole−dipole interaction, SU(3) spin−orbit coupling, and spin−exchange interaction. We also give an experimental protocol to observe such novel states within current experimental capacity.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Bose−Einstein condensate / spin−orbit coupling / dipolar condensate / quantum vortex

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Declarations

The authors declare that they have no competing interests and there are no conflicts.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 12175129, 12475004, 12175027, and 12005125; the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. ZDBS-LY-7016; the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics under Grant No. 22JSY034; the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department under Program No. 23JP020; the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing under Grant Nos. cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0217 and cstc2021jcyjmsxmX0168; and the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities.

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