Hardware-efficient and fast three-qubit gate in superconducting quantum circuits

Abstract

While the common practice of decomposing general quantum algorithms into a collection of single- and two-qubit gates is conceptually simple, in many cases it is possible to have more efficient solutions where quantum gates engaging multiple qubits are used. In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era where a universal error correction is still unavailable, this strategy is particularly appealing since it can significantly reduce the computational resources required for executing quantum algorithms. In this work, we experimentally investigate a three-qubit Controlled-CPHASE-SWAP (CCZS) gate on superconducting quantum circuits. By exploiting the higher energy levels of superconducting qubits, we are able to realize a Fredkin-like CCZS gate with a duration of 40 ns, which is comparable to typical single- and two-qubit gates realized on the same platform. By performing quantum process tomography for the two target qubits, we obtain a process fidelity of $86.0\mathrm{\%}$ and $81.1\mathrm{\%}$ for the control qubit being prepared in $|0⟩$ and $|1⟩$, respectively. We also show that our scheme can be readily extended to realize a general CCZS gate with an arbitrary swap angle. The results reported here provide valuable additions to the toolbox for achieving large-scale hardware-efficient quantum circuits.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

quantum computation / quantum gate / superconducting circuit

References

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Declarations

The authors declare that they have no competing interests and there are no conflicts.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2018B030326001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12074166 and 12004162), and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory (No. 2019B121203002).

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