A spin−rotation mechanism of Einstein–de Haas effect based on a ferromagnetic disk

Abstract

Spin−rotation coupling (SRC) is a fundamental interaction that connects electronic spins with the rotational motion of a medium. We elucidate the Einstein−de Haas (EdH) effect and its inverse with SRC as the microscopic mechanism using the dynamic spin−lattice equations derived by elasticity theory and Lagrangian formalism. By applying the coupling equations to an iron disk in a magnetic field, we exhibit the transfer of angular momentum and energy between spins and lattice, with or without damping. The timescale of the angular momentum transfer from spins to the entire lattice is estimated by our theory to be on the order of 0.01 ns, for the disk with a radius of 100 nm. Moreover, we discover a linear relationship between the magnetic field strength and the rotation frequency, which is also enhanced by a higher ratio of Young’s modulus to Poisson’s coefficient. In the presence of damping, we notice that the spin−lattice relaxation time is nearly inversely proportional to the magnetic field. Our explorations will contribute to a better understanding of the EdH effect and provide valuable insights for magneto-mechanical manufacturing.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Einstein−de Haas effect / spin−rotation coupling

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Declarations

The authors declare that they have no competing interests and there are no conflicts.

Acknowledgements

We thank Kun Cao, Muwei Wu, and Shanbo Chow for the helpful discussions. X. N., J. L., and D. X. Y. are supported by NKRDPC-2022YFA1402802, NSFC-92165204, NKRDPC-2018YFA0306001, NSFC-11974432, and Leading Talent Program of Guangdong Special Projects (201626003). T. D. acknowledges hospitality of KITP. A part of this research was completed at KITP and was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. NSFPHY-1748958.

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