Advances in the kinetics of heat and mass transfer in near-continuous complex flows

Abstract

The study of macro continuous flow has a long history. Simultaneously, the exploration of heat and mass transfer in small systems with a particle number of several hundred or less has gained significant interest in the fields of statistical physics and nonlinear science. However, due to absence of suitable methods, the understanding of mesoscale behavior situated between the aforementioned two scenarios, which challenges the physical function of traditional continuous fluid theory and exceeds the simulation capability of microscopic molecular dynamics method, remains considerably deficient. This greatly restricts the evaluation of effects of mesoscale behavior and impedes the development of corresponding regulation techniques. To access the mesoscale behaviors, there are two ways: from large to small and from small to large. Given the necessity to interface with the prevailing macroscopic continuous modeling currently used in the mechanical engineering community, our study of mesoscale behavior begins from the side closer to the macroscopic continuum, that is from large to small. Focusing on some fundamental challenges encountered in modeling and analysis of near-continuous flows, we review the research progress of discrete Boltzmann method (DBM). The ideas and schemes of DBM in coarse-grained modeling and complex physical field analysis are introduced. The relationships, particularly the differences, between DBM and traditional fluid modeling as well as other kinetic methods are discussed. After verification and validation of the method, some applied researches including the development of various physical functions associated with discrete and non-equilibrium effects are illustrated. Future directions of DBM related studies are indicated.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

near-continuous flow / non-equilibrium / kinetics / discrete Boltzmann method / complex physical field analysis

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Declarations

The authors declare that they have no competing interests and there are no conflicts.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Academician Shigang Chen for his academic guidance and training for so many years, thank Prof. Xing Wei et al. for their discussions on fluid mechanical simulation of astrophysical processes, and thank Academician Jinghai Li and Prof. Limin Wang et al. for their enlightening comments, discussions and suggestions. Dr. Jiahui Song organized some materials for the current review article. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12172061 and 11875001), the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology (Beijing Institute of Technology) (Grant No. KFJJ23-02M), the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics (Grant No. JCKYS2023212003), the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics, Hebei Outstanding Youth Science Foundation (Grant No. A2023409003), Hebei Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. A2021409001), the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province (Grant No. 226Z7601G), and the “Three, Three and Three Talent Project” of Hebei Province (Grant No. A202105005).

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2024 The Authors