Structure and dynamics of binary Bose−Einstein condensates with vortex phase imprinting

Abstract

The combination of multi-component Bose−Einstein condensates (BECs) and phase imprinting techniques provides an ideal platform for exploring nonlinear dynamics and investigating the quantum transport properties of superfluids. In this paper, we study abundant density structures and corresponding dynamics of phase-separated binary Bose−Einstein condensates with phase-imprinted single vortex or vortex dipole. By adjusting the ratio between the interspecies and intraspecies interactions, and the locations of the phase singularities, the typical density profiles such as ball-shell structures, crescent-gibbous structures, Matryoshka-like structures, sector-sector structures and sandwich-type structures appear, and the phase diagrams are obtained. The dynamics of these structures exhibit diverse properties, including the penetration of vortex dipoles, emergence of half-vortex dipoles, co-rotation of sectors, and oscillation between sectors. The pinning effects induced by a potential defect are also discussed, which is useful for controlling and manipulating individual quantum states.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Bose−Einstein condensates / phase separation / angular momentum / energy competition

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Declarations

The authors declare that they have no competing interests and there are no conflicts.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant Nos. 12175180, 11934015, 12247103, and 12247186, the Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science of Shaanxi Province under grant Nos. 2017KCT-12 and 2017ZDJC-32, the Scientific Research Program Funded by Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government under grant No. 22JK0581, the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi under grant No. 2023-JC-QN-0054, and Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics under grant Nos. 22JSZ005 and 22JSQ041. This research was also supported by the Double First-class University Construction Project of Northwest University.

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