An ultra-wideband coding polarizer for beam control and RCS reduction

Huanhuan Gao, Xiaojun Huang, Xiongwei Ma, Xiaoyan Li, Linyan Guo, Helin Yang

PDF(6890 KB)
PDF(6890 KB)
Front. Phys. ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (4) : 42301. DOI: 10.1007/s11467-022-1252-4
RESEARCH ARTICLE
RESEARCH ARTICLE

An ultra-wideband coding polarizer for beam control and RCS reduction

Author information +
History +

Abstract

Pancharatnam−Berry (PB) phase metasurface, as a special class of gradient metasurfaces, has been paid much attention owing to the robust performance for phase control of circularly polarized waves. Herein, we present an element-based polarizer for the first step, which enables the incident electromagnetic waves into the cross-polarized waves with the relative bandwidth of 71%, and the polarization conversion ratio exceeds 90% at 6.9−14.5 GHz. Then an eight-elements coding polarizer based on the PB phase is presented for the applications on beam control and radar cross section reduction. The simulated values indicate that the reduction of radar cross section is more than 10 dB at 6−16 GHz. Our work reveals the availability of manipulating the waves, beamforming in communication systems and electromagnetic stealth, and so on.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

polarizer / Pancharatnam−Berry phase / coding metasurface / beam control / RCS reduction

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
Huanhuan Gao, Xiaojun Huang, Xiongwei Ma, Xiaoyan Li, Linyan Guo, Helin Yang. An ultra-wideband coding polarizer for beam control and RCS reduction. Front. Phys., 2023, 18(4): 42301 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1252-4

References

[1]
B. Fang , D. Feng , P. Chen , L. Shi , J. Cai , J. Li , C. Li , Z. Hong , X. Jing . Broadband cross-circular polarization carpet cloaking based on a phase change material metasurface in the mid-infrared region. Front. Phys., 2022, 17(5): 53502
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[2]
J. Ding , S. An , B. Zheng , H. Zhang . Multiwavelength metasurfaces based on single-layer dual-wavelength metaatoms: Toward complete phase and amplitude modulations at two wavelengths. Adv. Opt. Mater., 2017, 5(10): 1700079
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[3]
L. Bao , R. Y. Wu , X. Fu , T. J. Cui . Mathematical operations of transmissive near fields controlled by metasurface with phase and amplitude modulations. Ann. Phys., 2020, 532(6): 2000069
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[4]
A. C. Overvig , S. Shrestha , S. C. Malek , M. Lu , A. Stein , C. Zheng , N. Yu . Dielectric metasurfaces for complete and independent control of the optical amplitude and phase. Light Sci. Appl., 2019, 8(1): 92
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[5]
T. Wu , X. Zhang , Q. Xu , E. Plum , K. Chen , Y. Xu , Y. Lu , H. Zhang , Z. Zhang , X. Chen , G. Ren , L. Niu , Z. Tian , J. Han , W. Zhang . Dielectric metasurfaces for complete control of phase, amplitude, and polarization. Adv. Opt. Mater., 2022, 10(1): 2101223
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[6]
Z. Y. Song , Q. Q. Chu , X. P. Shen , Q. H. Liu . Wideband high-efficient linear polarization rotators. Front. Phys., 2018, 13(5): 137803
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[7]
X. Huang , X. Ma , X. Li , J. Fan , L. Guo , H. Yang . Simultaneous realization of polarization conversion for reflected and transmitted waves with bi-functional metasurface. Sci. Rep., 2022, 12(1): 2368
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[8]
F. Zeng , L. Ye , L. Li , Z. Wang , W. Zhao , Y. Zhang . Tunable mid-infrared dual-band and broadband crosspolarization converters based on U-shaped graphene metamaterials. Opt. Express, 2019, 27(23): 33826
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[9]
Y. Wang , F. Qi , Z. Liu , P. Liu , W. Li . Ultrathin and flexible reflective polarization converter based on metasurfaces with overlapped arrays. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2020, 19(12): 2512
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[10]
J. Loncar , A. Grbic , S. Hrabar . A reflective polarization converting metasurface at X-band frequencies. IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., 2018, 66(7): 3213
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[11]
Q. Zheng , C. Guo , J. Ding . Wideband metasurface-based reflective polarization converter for linear-to-linear and linear-to-circular polarization conversion. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2018, 17(8): 1459
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[12]
X. Huang , H. Yang , D. Zhang , Y. Luo . Ultrathin dualband metasurface polarization converter. IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., 2019, 67(7): 4636
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[13]
X. Huang , H. Gao , J. He , X. Li , X. Li , J. Fan , L. Guo . Broadband linear polarizer with high-efficient asymmetric transmission using a chiral metasurface. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun., 2022, 152: 154244
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[14]
N. Yu , P. Genevet , M. A. Kats , F. Aieta , J. P. Tetienne , F. Capasso , Z. Gaburro . Light propagation with phase discontinuities: Generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science, 2011, 334(6054): 333
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[15]
F. Yue , D. Wen , J. Xin , B. D. Gerardot , J. Li , X. Chen . Vector vortex beam generation with a single plasmonic metasurface. ACS Photon., 2016, 3(9): 1558
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[16]
M. Feng , X. Tian , J. Wang , M. Yin , S. Qu , D. Li . Broadband abnormal reflection based on a metal-backed gradient index liquid slab: An alternative to metasurfaces. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 2015, 48(24): 245501
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[17]
Z. Xu , Z. Li , Y. Tian , Y. Wei , F. Wu . Highly efficient bifunctional dielectric metasurfaces at visible wavelength: Beam focusing and anomalous refraction in highorder modes. Front. Phys., 2020, 8: 575824
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[18]
Y. U. Lee , I. Ozerov , F. Bedu , J. S. Kim , F. Fages , J. W. Wu . Optical spin-dependent beam separation in cyclic group symmetric metasurface. Nanophotonics, 2020, 9(10): 3459
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[19]
X. Wu , H. Cao , Z. Meng , Z. Sun . Ultra-broadband Pancharatnam−Berry phase metasurface for arbitrary rotation of linear polarization and beam splitter. Opt. Express, 2022, 30(9): 15158
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[20]
A. Leitis , A. Heßler , S. Wahl , M. Wuttig , T. Taubner , A. Tittl , H. Altug . All-dielectric programmable Huygens’ metasurfaces. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2020, 30(19): 1910259
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[21]
Z. Wang , S. Dong , W. Luo , M. Jia , Z. Liang , Q. He , S. Sun , L. Zhou . High-efficiency generation of Bessel beams with transmissive metasurfaces. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2018, 112(19): 191901
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[22]
Y. Liu , C. Liu , K. Song , M. Li , X. Zhao . A broadband high-transmission gradient phase discontinuity metasurface. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 2018, 51(9): 095103
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[23]
L. W. Wu , H. F. Ma , Y. Gou , R. Y. Wu , Z. X. Wang , M. Wang , X. Gao , T. J. Cui . High-transmission ultrathin Huygens’ metasurface with 360° phase control by using double-layer transmitarray elements. Phys. Rev. Appl., 2019, 12(2): 024012
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[24]
Q. Zhou , M. Liu , W. Zhu , L. Chen , Y. Ren , H. J. Lezec , Y. Lu , A. Agrawal , T. Xu . Generation of perfect vortex beams by dielectric geometric metasurface for visible light. Laser Photon. Rev., 2021, 15(12): 2100390
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[25]
F. Yu , Z. Zhao , J. Chen , J. Wang , R. Jin , J. Chen , J. Wang , G. Li , X. Chen , W. Lu . Orthogonal manipulations of phase and phase dispersion in realization of azimuthal angle-resolved focusings. Opt. Express, 2021, 29(26): 43757
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[26]
S. Pancharatnam . Generalized theory of interference, and its applications. Resonance, 2013, 18(4): 387
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[27]
A. Moreno-Peñarrubia , J. Teniente , S. Kuznetsov , B. Orazbayev , M. Beruete . Ultrathin and high-efficiency Pancharatnam−Berry phase metalens for millimeter waves. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2021, 118(22): 221105
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[28]
R. Lin , X. Li . Multifocal metalens based on multilayer Pancharatnam−Berry phase elements architecture. Opt. Lett., 2019, 44(11): 2819
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[29]
S. Choudhury , U. Guler , A. Shaltout , V. M. Shalaev , A. V. Kildishev , A. Boltasseva . Pancharatnam−Berry phase manipulating metasurface for visible color hologram based on low loss silver thin film. Adv. Opt. Mater., 2017, 5(10): 1700196
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[30]
X. Song , L. Huang , L. Sun , X. Zhang , R. Zhao , X. Li , J. Wang , B. Bai , Y. Wang . Near-field plasmonic beam engineering with complex amplitude modulation based on metasurface. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2018, 112(7): 073104
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[31]
S. J. Li , Z. Y. Li , G. S. Huang , X. B. Liu , R. Q. Li , X. Y. Cao . Digital coding transmissive metasurface for multi-OAM-beam. Front. Phys., 2022, 17(6): 62501
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[32]
H. X. Xu , G. Hu , Y. Wang , C. Wang , M. Wang , S. Wang , Y. Huang , P. Genevet , W. Huang , C. W. Qiu . Polarization-insensitive 3D conformal-skin metasurface cloak. Light Sci. Appl., 2021, 10(1): 75
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[33]
H. Xu , Y. Wang , C. Wang , M. Wang , S. Wang , F. Ding , Y. Huang , X. Zhang , H. Liu , X. Ling , W. Huang . Deterministic approach to achieve full-polarization cloak. Research, 2021, 2021: 1
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[34]
S. M. Kamali , E. Arbabi , A. Arbabi , A. Faraon . A review of dielectric optical metasurfaces for wavefront control. Nanophotonics, 2018, 7(6): 1041
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[35]
L. Liang , M. Qi , J. Yang , X. Shen , J. Zhai , W. Xu , B. Jin , W. Liu , Y. Feng , C. Zhang , H. Lu , H. T. Chen , L. Kang , W. Xu , J. Chen , T. J. Cui , P. Wu , S. Liu . Anomalous terahertz reflection and scattering by flexible and conformal coding metamaterials. Adv. Opt. Mater., 2015, 3(10): 1374
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[36]
Y. Tian , X. Jing , H. Yu , H. Gan , C. Li , Z. Hong . Manipulation of the arbitrary scattering angle based on all-dielectric transmissive Pancharatnam−Berry phase coding metasurfaces in the visible range. Opt. Express, 2020, 28(21): 32107
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[37]
J. Yang , Y. Chen , M. Jian , J. Dou , M. Fang . Capacity improvement in reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted MIMO communications. IEEE Access, 2021, 9: 137460
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[38]
X. Pei , H. Yin , L. Tan , L. Cao , Z. Li , K. Wang , K. Zhang , E. Bjornson . RIS-aided wireless communications: Prototyping, adaptive beamforming, and indoor/outdoor field trials. IEEE Trans. Commun., 2021, 69(12): 8627
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[39]
J. Han , X. Cao , J. Gao , S. Li , H. Yang , C. Zhang , T. Li . Broadband dual-circular polarized coding metasurfaces and their powerful manipulation of differently circular polarizations. Opt. Express, 2019, 27(23): 34141
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[40]
S. Li , S. Dong , S. Yi , W. Pan , Y. Chen , F. Guan , H. Guo , Z. Wang , Q. He , L. Zhou , S. Sun . Broadband and high-efficiency spin-polarized wave engineering with PB metasurfaces. Opt. Express, 2020, 28(10): 15601
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[41]
Y. Gou , H. F. Ma , L. W. Wu , Z. X. Wang , P. Xu , T. J. Cui . Broadband spin-selective wavefront manipulations based on Pancharatnam−Berry coding metasurfaces. ACS Omega, 2021, 6(44): 30019
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[42]
C. Fu , L. Han , C. Liu , X. Lu , Z. Sun . Combining Pancharatnam−Berry phase and conformal coding metasurface for dual-band RCS reduction. IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., 2022, 70(3): 2352
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[43]
G. Yu , Y. Qiu , Y. Li , X. Wang , N. Wang . Underwater acoustic stealth by a broadband 2-bit coding metasurface. Phys. Rev. Appl., 2021, 15(6): 064064
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[44]
H. X. Xu , L. Zhang , Y. Kim , G. M. Wang , X. K. Zhang , Y. Sun , X. Ling , H. Liu , Z. Chen , C. W. Qiu . Wavenumber-splitting metasurfaces achieve multichannel diffusive invisibility. Adv. Opt. Mater., 2018, 6(10): 1800010
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[45]
X. Li , M. Feng , J. Wang , Y. Meng , J. Yang , T. Liu , R. Zhu , S. Qu . Suppressing edge back-scattering of electromagnetic waves using coding metasurface purfle. Front. Phys. (Lausanne), 2020, 8: 578295
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[46]
A. Murugesan , K. T. Selvan , A. Iyer , K. V. Srivastava , A. Alphones . A review of metasurface-assisted RCS reduction techniques. Prog. Electromagn. Res. B Pier B, 2021, 94: 75
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[47]
H. X. Xu , S. Ma , X. Ling , X. K. Zhang , S. Tang , T. Cai , S. Sun , Q. He , L. Zhou . Deterministic approach to achieve broadband polarization-independent diffusive scatterings based on metasurfaces. ACS Photon., 2018, 5(5): 1691
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[48]
G. Bao , J. Lai . Optimal shape design of a cavity for radar cross section reduction. SIAM J. Contr. Optim., 2014, 52(4): 2122
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[49]
Y. T. Zhao , B. Chen , B. Wu . Miniaturized periodicity broadband absorber with via-based hybrid metal-graphene structure for large-angle RCS reduction. IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., 2022, 70(4): 2832
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[50]
B. Q. Lin , J. X. Guo , P. Chu , W. J. Huo , Z. Xing , B. G. Huang , L. Wu . Multiple-band linear-polarization conversion and circular polarization in reflection mode using a symmetric anisotropic metasurface. Phys. Rev. Appl., 2018, 9(2): 024038
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[51]
A. Y. Modi , C. A. Balanis , C. R. Birtcher , H. N. Shaman . Novel design of ultrabroadband radar cross section reduction surfaces using artificial magnetic conductors. IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., 2017, 65(10): 5406
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[52]
J. Zhang , L. Yang , L. Li , T. Zhang , H. Li , Q. Wang , Y. Hao , M. Lei , K. Bi . High-efficiency polarization conversion phase gradient metasurface for wideband anomalous reflection. J. Appl. Phys., 2017, 122(1): 014501
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[53]
Q. Zheng , C. Guo , J. Ding . Wideband metasurface-based reflective polarization converter for linear-to-linear and linear-to-circular polarization conversion. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2018, 17(8): 1459
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[54]
P. Science , E. Engineering , I. Technology , A. Electromagnetics , I. Science . Ultra-broadband wide-angle linear polarization converter based on H-shaped metasurface. Opt. Express, 2018, 26(16): 20913
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[55]
T. K. T. Nguyen , T. M. Nguyen , H. Q. Nguyen , T. N. Cao , D. T. Le , X. K. Bui , S. T. Bui , C. L. Truong , D. L. Vu , T. Q. H. Nguyen . Simple design of efficient broadband multifunctional polarization converter for Xband applications. Sci. Rep., 2021, 11(1): 2032
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[56]
Y. Cheng , C. Wu , C. Ge , J. Yang , X. Pei , F. Jia , R. Gong . An ultra-thin dual-band phase-gradient metasurface using hybrid resonant structures for backward RCS reduction. Appl. Phys. B, 2017, 123(5): 143
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[57]
Q. Zheng , Y. Li , J. Zhang , H. Ma , J. Wang , Y. Pang , Y. Han , S. Sui , Y. Shen , H. Chen , S. Qu . Wideband, wide-angle coding phase gradient metasurfaces based on Pancharatnam−Berry phase. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7(1): 43543
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[58]
W. Zhang , Y. Liu , S. Gong , J. Wang , Y. Jiang . Wideband RCS reduction of a slot array antenna using phase gradient metasurface. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2018, 17(12): 2193
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[59]
C. Fu , L. Han , C. Liu , Z. Sun , X. Lu . Dual-band polarization conversion metasurface for RCS reduction. IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., 2021, 69(5): 3044
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[60]
A. Sharma , S. Ghosh , K. V. Srivastava . A polarization-insensitive band-notched absorber for radar cross section reduction. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2021, 20(2): 259
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[61]
X. Liu , J. Gao , L. Xu , X. Cao , Y. Zhao , S. Li . A coding diffuse metasurface for RCS reduction. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2017, 16: 724
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[62]
F. Yuan , G. M. Wang , H. X. Xu , T. Cai , X. J. Zou , Z. H. Pang . Broadband RCS reduction based on spiral-coded metasurface. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2017, 16: 3188
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[63]
S. H. Kim , Y. J. Yoon . Wideband radar cross-section reduction on checkerboard metasurfaces with surface wave suppression. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2019, 18(5): 896
CrossRef ADS Google scholar

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42274189) and the Project of Science and Technology of Shaanxi (No. 2021JM-395).

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2023 Higher Education Press
AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF(6890 KB)

Accesses

Citations

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/