Magnetic anisotropy, exchange coupling and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction of two-dimensional magnets

Abstract

The two-dimensional (2D) magnets provide novel opportunities for understanding magnetism and investigating spin related phenomena in several atomic thickness. Multiple features of 2D magnets, such as critical temperatures, magnetoelectric/magneto-optic responses, and spin configurations, depend on the basic magnetic terms that describe various spins interactions and cooperatively determine the spin Hamiltonian of studied systems. In this review, we present a comprehensive survey of three types of basic terms, including magnetic anisotropy that is intimately related with long-range magnetic order, exchange coupling that normally dominates the spin interactions, and Dzyaloshinskii−Moriya interaction (DMI) that favors the noncollinear spin configurations, from the theoretical aspect. We introduce not only the physical features and origin of these crucial terms in 2D magnets but also many correlated phenomena, which may lead to the advance of 2D spintronics.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

magnetic anisotropy / exchange coupling / Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction / two-dimensional magnets

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1405102), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11874059 and 12174405), the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (Grant No. ZDBS-LY-7021), Ningbo Key Scientific and Technological Project (Grant No. 2021000215), “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Program of Zhejiang Province under Grant 2022C01053, Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. LR19A040002), and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics (Grant No. 2021000123).

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