Nonreciprocal microwave transmission under the joint mechanism of phase modulation and magnon Kerr nonlinearity effect

Abstract

Nonreciprocal microwave devices, in which the transmission of waves is non-symmetric between two ports, are indispensable for the manipulation of information processing and communication. In this work, we show the nonreciprocal microwave transmission in a cavity magnonic system under the joint mechanism of phase modulation and magnon Kerr nonlinearity effect. In contrast to the schemes based on the standard phase modulation or magnon Kerr nonlinearity, we find that the joint mechanism enables the nonreciprocal transmission even at low power and makes us obtain a high nonreciprocal isolation ratio. Moreover, when two microwave modes are coupled to the magnon mode via a different coupling strength, the presented strong nonreciprocal response occurs, and it makes the nonreciprocal transmission manipulating by the magnetic field within a large adjustable range possible, which overcomes narrow operating bandwidths. This study may provide promising opportunities to realize nonreciprocal structures for wave transmission.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

nonreciprocal microwave transmission / phase modulation / magnon Kerr nonlinearity effect

References

[1] H. Walther , B. T. H. Varcoe , B. G. Englert , T. Becker . Cavity quantum electrodynamics. Rep. Prog. Phys., 2006, 69(5): 1325

[2] Q. P. Su , Y. Zhang , L. Bin , C. P. Yang . Efficient scheme for realizing a multiplex-controlled phase gate with photonic qubits in circuit quantum electrodynamics. Front. Phys., 2022, 17(5): 53505

[3] D.D. StancilA.Prabhakar, Spin Waves, Springer, New York, 2009

[4] Ö. O. Soykal , M. E. Flatté . Strong field interactions between a nanomagnet and a photonic cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2010, 104(7): 077202

[5] B. Zare Rameshti , Y. Cao , G. E. W. Bauer . Magnetic spheres in microwave cavities. Phys. Rev. B, 2015, 91(21): 214430

[6] Y. Tabuchi , S. Ishino , A. Noguchi , T. Ishikawa , R. Yamazaki , K. Usami , Y. Nakamura . Coherent coupling between a ferromagnetic magnon and a superconducting qubit. Science, 2015, 349(6246): 405

[7] J. Shim , S. J. Kim , S. K. Kim , K. J. Lee . Enhanced magnon−photon coupling at the angular momentum compensation point of ferrimagnets. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2020, 125(2): 027205

[8] K. Wang , Y. P. Gao , R. Z. Jiao , C. Wang . Recent progress on optomagnetic coupling and optical manipulation based on cavity-optomagnonics. Front. Phys., 2022, 17(4): 42201

[9] H. J. Kimble . The quantum internet. Nature, 2008, 453(7198): 1023

[10] M. Aspelmeyer , T. J. Kippenberg , F. Marquardt . Cavity optomechanics. Rev. Mod. Phys., 2014, 86(4): 1391

[11] J. W. Zhou , P. F. Wang , F. Z. Shi , P. Huang , X. Kong , X. K. Xu , Q. Zhang , Z. X. Wang , X. Rong , J. F. Du . Quantum information processing and metrology with color centers in diamonds. Front. Phys., 2014, 9(5): 587

[12] X. Zhang , C. L. Zou , L. Jiang , H. X. Tang . Strongly coupled magnons and cavity microwave photons. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2014, 113(15): 156401

[13] M. Goryachev , W. G. Farr , D. L. Creedon , Y. Fan , M. Kostylev , M. E. Tobar . High-cooperativity cavity QED with magnons at microwave frequencies. Phys. Rev. Appl., 2014, 2(5): 054002

[14] D. Zhang , X.-M. Wang , T.-F. Li , X.-Q. Luo , W. Wu , F. Nori , J. Q. You . Cavity quantum electrodynamics with ferromagnetic magnons in a small yttrium-iron-garnet sphere. npj Quantum Inf., 2015, 1: 15014

[15] B. Yao , Y. Gui , J. Rao , S. Kaur , X. Chen , W. Lu , Y. Xiao , H. Guo , K. P. Marzlin , C. M. Hu . Cooperative polariton dynamics in feedback-coupled cavities. Nat. Commun., 2017, 8(1): 1437

[16] Y. Tabuchi , S. Ishino , T. Ishikawa , R. Yamazaki , K. Usami , Y. Nakamura . Hybridizing ferromagnetic magnons and microwave photons in the quantum limit. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2014, 113(8): 083603

[17] N. Kostylev , M. Goryachev , M. E. Tobar . Superstrong coupling of a microwave cavity to yttrium iron garnet magnons. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2016, 108(6): 062402

[18] J. Bourhill , N. Kostylev , M. Goryachev , D. Creedon , M. Tobar . Ultrahigh cooperativity interactions between magnons and resonant photons in a YIG sphere. Phys. Rev. B, 2016, 93(14): 144420

[19] G. Flower , M. Goryachev , J. Bourhill , M. E. Tobar . Experimental implementations of cavity-magnon systems: From ultra strong coupling to applications in precision measurement. New J. Phys., 2019, 21(9): 095004

[20] L. Bai , M. Harder , Y. P. Chen , X. Fan , J. Q. Xiao , C. M. Hu . Spin pumping in electrodynamically coupled magnon−photon systems. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2015, 114(22): 227201

[21] Y. P. Wang , G. Q. Zhang , D. Zhang , T. F. Li , C. M. Hu , J. Q. You . Bistability of cavity magnon polaritons. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2018, 120(5): 057202

[22] X. F. Zhang , C. L. Zou , N. Zhu , F. Marquardt , L. Jiang , H. X. Tang . Magnon dark modes and gradient memory. Nat. Commun., 2015, 6(1): 8914

[23] R. C. Shen , Y. P. Wang , J. Li , S. Y. Zhu , G. S. Agarwal , J. Q. You . Long-time memory and ternary logic gate using a multistable cavity magnonic system. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2021, 127(18): 183202

[24] Y. P. Wang , C. M. Hu . Dissipative couplings in cavity magnonics. J. Appl. Phys., 2020, 127(13): 130901

[25] M. Harder , Y. Yang , B. M. Yao , C. H. Yu , J. W. Rao , Y. S. Gui , R. L. Stamps , C. M. Hu . Level attraction due to dissipative magnon−photon coupling. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2018, 121(13): 137203

[26] J. W. Rao , C. H. Yu , Y. T. Zhao , Y. S. Gui , X. Fan , D. Xue , C. M. Hu . Level attraction and level repulsion of magnon coupled with a cavity anti-resonance. New J. Phys., 2019, 21(6): 065001

[27] Y. Cao , P. Yan , H. Huebl , S. T. B. Goennenwein , G. E. W. Bauer . Exchange magnon-polaritons in microwave cavities. Phys. Rev. B, 2015, 91(9): 094423

[28] L. Bai , M. Harder , P. Hyde , Z. Zhang , C. M. Hu , Y. P. Chen , J. Q. Xiao . Cavity mediated manipulation of distant spin currents using a cavity-magnon-polariton. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2017, 118(21): 217201

[29] D. Zhang , X. Q. Luo , Y. P. Wang , T. F. Li , J. Q. You . Observation of the exceptional point in cavity magnon-polaritons. Nat. Commun., 2017, 8(1): 1368

[30] G. Q. Zhang , J. Q. You . Higher-order exceptional point in a cavity magnonics system. Phys. Rev. B, 2019, 99(5): 054404

[31] R. Huang , Ş. K. Özdemir , J. Q. Liao , F. Minganti , L. M. Kuang , F. Nori , H. Jing . Exceptional photon blockade: engineering photon blockade with chiral exceptional points. Laser Photonics Rev., 2022, 16(7): 2100430

[32] Z. X. Yang , L. Wang , Y. M. Liu , D. Y. Wang , C. H. Bai , S. Zhang , H. F. Wang . Ground state cooling of magnomechanical resonator in PT-symmetric cavity magnomechanical system at room temperature. Front. Phys., 2020, 15(5): 52504

[33] G. Q. Zhang , Y. P. Wang , J. Q. You . Theory of the magnon Kerr effect in cavity magnonics. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron., 2019, 62(8): 987511

[34] Y. P. Wang , G. Q. Zhang , D. Zhang , X. Q. Luo , W. Xiong , S. P. Wang , T. F. Li , C. M. Hu , J. Q. You . Magnon Kerr effect in a strongly coupled cavity-magnon system. Phys. Rev. B, 2016, 94(22): 224410

[35] Z. B. Yang , H. Jin , J. W. Jin , J. Y. Liu , H. Y. Liu , R. C. Yang . Bistability of squeezing and entanglement in cavity magnonics. Phys. Rev. A, 2021, 3: 023126

[36] Z. Haghshenasfarda , M. G. Cottam . Sub-Poissonian statistics and squeezing of magnons due to the Kerr effect in a hybrid coupled cavity-magnon system. J. Appl. Phys., 2020, 128(3): 033901

[37] Z. X. Liu , B. Wang , H. Xiong , Y. Wu . Magnon-induced high-order sideband generation. Opt. Lett., 2018, 43(15): 3698

[38] Y. L. Liu , L. Ling , T. Shui , N. Ji , S. P. Liu , W. X. Yang . Two-color second-order sideband generation via magnon Kerr nonlinearity in a cavity magnonical system. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 2022, 39: 1042

[39] Z. X. Liu , C. You , B. Wang , H. Xiong , Y. Wu . Phase-mediated magnon chaos-order transition in cavity optomagnonics. Opt. Lett., 2019, 44(3): 507

[40] Y. P. Wang , J. W. Rao , Y. Yang , P. C. Xu , Y. S. Gui , B. M. Yao , J. Q. You , C. M. Hu . Nonreciprocity and unidirectional invisibility in cavity magnonics. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2019, 123(12): 127202

[41] Z. B. Yang , J. S. Liu , A. D. Zhu , H. Y. Liu , R. C. Yang . Nonreciprocal transmission and nonreciprocal entanglement in a spinning microwave magnomechanical system. Ann. Phys., 2020, 532(9): 2000196

[42] X. B. Yan , H. L. Lu , F. Gao , L. Yang . Perfect optical nonreciprocity in a double-cavity optomechanical system. Front. Phys., 2019, 14(5): 52601

[43] S. Y. Hua , J. M. Wen , X. S. Jiang , Q. Hua , L. Jiang , M. Xiao . Demonstration of a chip-based optical isolator with parametric amplification. Nat. Commun., 2016, 7(1): 13657

[44] Y. Tokura , M. Kawasaki , N. Nagaosa . Emergent functions of quantum materials. Nat. Phys., 2017, 13(11): 1056

[45] P. Doyeux , S. A. H. Gangaraj , G. W. Hanson , M. Antezza . Giant interatomic energy-transport amplification with nonreciprocal photonic topological insulators. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2017, 119(17): 173901

[46] F. D. M. Haldane , S. Raghu . Possible realization of directional optical wave-guides in photonic crystals with broken time-reversal symmetry. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100(1): 013904

[47] Y. Hadad , B. Z. Steinberg . Magnetized spiral chains of plasmonic ellipsoids for one-way optical waveguides. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2010, 105(23): 233904

[48] X. X. Guo , Y. M. Ding , Y. Duan , X. J. Ni . Nonreciprocal metasurface with space-time phase modulation. Light Sci. Appl., 2019, 8(1): 123

[49] M. S. Kang , A. Butsch , P. S. J. Russell . Reconfigurable light-driven opto-acoustic isolators in photonic crystal fibre. Nat. Photonics, 2011, 5(9): 549

[50] Y. Shi , Z. F. Yu , S. H. Fan . Limitations of nonlinear optical isolators due to dynamic reciprocity. Nat. Photonics, 2015, 9(6): 388

[51] A. B. Khanikaev , A. Alù . Nonlinear dynamic reciprocity. Nat. Photonics, 2015, 9(6): 359

[52] T. Shui , W. X. Yang , M. T. Cheng , R. K. Lee . Optical nonreciprocity and nonreciprocal photonic devices with directional four-wave mixing effect. Opt. Express, 2022, 30(4): 6284

[53] X. Y. Huang , C. C. Lu , C. Liang , H. G. Tao , Y. C. Liu . Loss-induced nonreciprocity. Light: Sci. Appl., 2021, 10(1): 30

[54] Y. T. Zhao , J. W. Rao , Y. S. Gui , Y. P. Wang , C. M. Hu . Broadband nonreciprocity realized by locally controlling the magnon’s radiation. Phys. Rev. Appl., 2020, 14(1): 014035

[55] N. Zhu , X. Han , C. L. Zou , M. R. Xu , H. X. Tang . Magnon−photon strong coupling for tunable microwave circulators. Phys. Rev. A, 2020, 101(4): 043842

[56] X. F. Zhang , A. Galda , X. Han , D. F. Jin , V. M. Vinokur . Broadband nonreciprocity enabled by strong coupling of magnons and microwave photons. Phys. Rev. Appl., 2020, 13(4): 044039

[57] C. Kong , H. Xiong , Y. Wu . Magnon-induced nonreciprocity based on the magnon Kerr effect. Phys. Rev. Appl., 2019, 12(3): 034001

[58] C. Kong , X. M. Bao , J. B. Liu , H. Xiong . Magnon-mediated nonreciprocal microwave transmission based on quantum interference. Opt. Lett., 2021, 29: 16

[59] S. Manipatruni , J. T. Robinson , M. Lipson . Optical nonreciprocity in optomechanical structures. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2009, 102(21): 213903

[60] A. Metelmann , A. A. Clerk . Nonreciprocal photon transmission and amplification via reservoir engineering. Phys. Rev. X, 2015, 5(2): 021025

[61] C. Ciuti , I. Carusotto . Input−output theory of cavities in the ultrastrong coupling regime: The case of time-independent cavity parameters. Phys. Rev. A, 2006, 74(3): 033811

[62] C.W. GardinerP.Zoller, Quantum Noise, Springer, 2004

[63] J. T. Hou , L. Q. Liu . Strong coupling between microwave photons and nanomagnet magnons. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2019, 123(10): 107702

Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12105092 and 12022507) and Program for Innovative Teams of Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Researchers in the Higher Education Institution of Hubei Province (No. T2020014).

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2023 Higher Education Press