Dynamical phase transitions in a two-species bosonic Josephson junction

Abstract

We investigate dynamical phase transitions that are induced by interspecies interaction in a two-species bosonic Josephson junctions (BJJ), based on semi-classical theory. In zero-phase mode, similar to the case of a single-species BJJ, we observe the well-known dynamical phase transition from Josephson oscillation to self-trapping, which can be induced by both enhanced repulsive and attractive interspecies interactions. In π phase mode, dynamical phase transitions are even more interesting and counterintuitive. We characterize a dynamical phase transition with the merging of two separate phase space domains into one, which is induced by increasing repulsive interspecies interaction. On the other hand, we find that by increasing attractive interspecies interaction, a phase separation of two formally overlapped phase space domains will occur. At last, we reveal that these intriguing dynamical phase transitions are caused by different kinds of bifurcations.

Keywords

dynamical phase transition / bosonic Josephson junction

References

[1] V. M.Pérez-García, N. G.Berloff, P. G.Kevrekidis, V. V.Konotop, and B. A.Malomed, Nonlinear phenomena in degenerate quantum gases, Physica D238(15), 1289 (2009)

[2] O.Morschand M.Oberthaler, Dynamics of Bose– Einstein condensates in optical lattices, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78(1), 179(2006)

[3] C. J.Pethickand H.Smith, Bose–Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008

[4] H. L.Zhengand Q.Gu, Dynamics of Bose–Einstein condensates in a one-dimensional optical lattice with double well potential, Front. Phys. 8(4), 375(2013)

[5] X. F.Zhang, X. H.Hu, D. S.Wang, X. X.Liu, and W. M.Liu, Dynamics of Bose–Einstein condensates near Feshbach resonance in external potential, Front. Phys. 6(1), 46(2011)

[6] L.Khaykovich,F.Schreck, G.Ferrari,T.Bourdel, J.Cubizolles, L. D.Carr, Y.Castin, and C.Salomon, Formation of a matter-wave bright soliton, Science296(5571), 1290(2002)

[7] K. W.Madison, F.Chevy, W.Wohlleben, and J.Dalibard, Vortex formation in a stirred Bose–Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(5), 806(2000)

[8] A.Smerzi, S.Fantoni, S.Giovanazzi, and S. R.Shenoy, Quantum coherent atomic tunneling between two trapped Bose–Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79(25), 4950(1997)

[9] H. B.Qiu, J.Tian, and L. B.Fu, Collective dynamics of two-species Bose–Einstein-condensate mixtures in a double-well potential, Phys. Rev. A81(4), 043613(2010)

[10] T.Zibold, E.Nicklas, C.Gross, andM. K.Oberthaler, Classical bifurcation at the transition from Rabi to Josephson dynamics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(20), 204101(2010)

[11] H.Hennig,D.Witthaut, and D. K.Campbell, Global phase space of coherence and entanglement in a double well Bose–Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. A86(5), 051604(2012)

[12] G. J.Krahnand D. H. J.O’Dell, Classical versus quantum dynamics of the atomic Josephson junction, J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(20), 205501(2009)

[13] M.Chuchem, K.Smith-Mannschott, M.Hiller, T.Kottos, A.Vardi, and D.Cohen, Quantum dynamics in the bosonic Josephson junction, Phys. Rev. A82(5), 053617(2010)

[14] K.Sakmann, A. I.Streltsov, O. E.Alon, and L. S.Cederbaum, Exact quantum dynamics of a bosonic Josephson junction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(22), 220601(2009)

[15] R.Hipolitoand A.Polkovnikov, Breakdown of macroscopic quantum self-trapping in coupled mesoscopic one dimensional Bose gases, Phys. Rev. A81(1), 013621(2010)

[16] B.Juliá-Díaz, D.Dagnino, M.Lewenstein, J.Martorell, and A.Polls, Macroscopic self-trapping in Bose– Einstein condensates: Analysis of a dynamical quantum phase transition, Phys. Rev. A81(2), 023615(2010)

[17] S.Levy, E.Lahoud, I.Shomroni, and J.Steinhauer, The ac and dc Josephson effects in a Bose–Einstein condensate, Nature449(7162), 579(2007)

[18] L. B.Fuand J.Liu, Quantum entanglement manifestation of transition to nonlinear self-trapping for Bose– Einstein condensates in a symmetric double well, Phys. Rev. A74(6), 063614(2006)

[19] S.Ashhaband C.Lobo, External Josephson effect in Bose–Einstein condensates with a spin degree of freedom, Phys. Rev. A66(1), 013609(2002)

[20] B.Sunand M. S.Pindzola, Dynamics of a two-species Bose–Einstein condensate in a double well, Phys. Rev. A80(3), 033616(2009)

[21] B.Juliá-Díaz, M.Guilleumas, M.Lewenstein, A.Polls, and A.Sanpera, Josephson oscillations in binary mixtures of F= 1 spinor Bose–Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. A80(2), 023616(2009)

[22] A.Naddeoand R.Citro, Quantum Bose–Josephson junction with binary mixtures of BECs, J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43(13), 135302(2010)

[23] S. K.Adhikari, Self-trapping of a binary Bose–Einstein condensate induced by interspecies interaction, J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 44(7), 075301(2011)

[24] I. I.Satija, R.Balakrishnan, P.Naudus, J.Heward, M.Edwards, and C. W.Clark, Symmetry-breaking and symmetry-restoring dynamics of a mixture of Bose– Einstein condensates in a double well, Phys. Rev. A79(3), 033616(2009)

[25] G.Mazzarella, B.Malomed, L.Salasnich, M.Salerno, and F.Toigo, Rabi-Josephson oscillations and selftrapped dynamics in atomic junctions with two bosonic species, J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 44(3), 035301(2011)

[26] J.Tian, H. B.Qiu, G. F.Wang, Y.Chen, and L. B.Fu, Measure synchronization in a two-species bosonic Josephson junction, Phys. Rev. E88(3), 032906(2013)

[27] S.Raghavan, A.Smerzi, S.Fantoni, and S. R.Shenoy, Coherent oscillations between two weakly coupled Bose– Einstein condensates: Josephson effects, π oscillations, and macroscopic quantum self-trapping, Phys. Rev. A59(1), 620(1999)

[28] A. J.Leggett, Bose–Einstein condensation in the alkali gases: Some fundamental concepts, Rev. Mod. Phys. 73(2), 307(2001)

[29] S. B.Pappand C. E.Wieman, Observation of heteronuclear Feshbach molecules from a Rb⁸⁵Rb⁸⁷ gas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(18), 180404(2006)

[30] A.Hamptonand D. H.Zanette, Measure synchronization in coupled Hamiltonian systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(11), 2179(1999)

[31] J.Tian, H. B.Qiu, and Y.Chen, Nonlocal measure synchronization in coupled bosonic Josephson junctions, Chin. Phys. Lett. 27(7), 070501(2010)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg