[1] B. Rodriguez-Gonzalez, A. Burrows, M. Watanabe, C. J. Kiely, and L. M. L.Marzan, Multishell bimetallic AuAg nanoparticles: Synthesis, structure and optical properties,
J. Mater. Chem. , 2005, 15(17): 1755
10.1039/b500556f
[2] M. M. Miller and A. A. Lazarides, Sensitivity of metal nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance to the dielectric environment,
J. Phys. Chem. B , 2005, 109(46): 21556
10.1021/jp054227y
[3] C. Burda, X. B. Chen, R. Narayanan, and M. A. El-Sayed, Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes,
Chem. Rev. , 2005, 105(4): 1025
10.1021/cr030063a
[4] H. X. Li and L. Rothberg, Colorimetric detection of DNA sequences based on electrostatic interactions with unmodified gold nanoparticles,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 2004, 101(39): 14036
10.1073/pnas.0406115101
[5] N. L. Rosi and C. A. Mirkin, Nanostructures in biodiagnostics,
Chem. Rev. , 2005, 105(4): 1547
10.1021/cr030067f
[6] D. Cialla, A. M?rz, R. B?hme, F. Theil, K. Weber, M. Schmitt, and J. Popp, Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): Progress and trends,
Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , 2012, 403(1): 27
10.1007/s00216-011-5631-x
[7] P. Negri and R. A. Dluhy, Ag nanorod based surfaceenhanced Ramanspectroscopy applied to bioanalytical sensing,
J. Biophotonics , 2013, 6: 20
10.1002/jbio.201200133
[8] B. Sharma, R. R. Frontiera, A. I. Henry, E. Ringe, and R. P. Van Duyne, SERS: Materials, applications, and the future,
Mater. Today , 2012, 15(1-2): 16
10.1016/S1369-7021(12)70017-2
[9] R. F. Aroca, D. J. Ross, and C. Domingo, Surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy,
Appl. Spectrosc. , 2004, 58(11): 324A
10.1366/0003702042475420
[10] M. Osawa, Dynamic processes in electrochemical reactions studied by surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS),
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. , 1997, 70(12): 2861
10.1246/bcsj.70.2861
[11] N. Bondre, Y. X. Zhang, and C. D. Geddes, Metal-enhanced fluorescence based calcium detection: Greater than 100-fold increase in signal/noise using Fluo-3 or Fluo-4 and silver nanostructures,
Sens. Actuators B , 2011, 152(1): 82
10.1016/j.snb.2010.09.041
[12] R. Nooney, A. Clifford, X. Leguevel, O. Stranik, C. McDonagh, and B. D. Maccraith, Enhancing the analytical performance of immunoassays that employ metal-enhanced fluorescence,
Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , 2010, 396(3): 1127
10.1007/s00216-009-3357-9
[13] A. I. Dragan, E. S. Bishop, J. R. Casas-Finet, R. J. Strouse, M. A. Schenerman, and C. D. Geddes, Metalenhanced PicoGreen fluorescence: Application to fast and ultra-sensitive pg/ml DNA quantitation,
J. Immunol. Methods , 2010, 362(1-2): 95
10.1016/j.jim.2010.09.011
[14] Y. Liu and X. Zhang, Metamaterials: A new frontier of science and technology,
Chem. Soc. Rev. , 2011, 40(5): 2494
10.1039/c0cs00184h
[15] T. Tanaka, Plasmonic metamaterials,
IEICE Electron. Express , 2012, 9(2): 34
10.1587/elex.9.34
[16] X. Z. Zhou, F. Boey, F. W. Huo, L. Huang, and H. Zhang, Chemically functionalized surface patterning,
Small , 2011, 7(16): 2273
10.1002/smll.201002381
[17] Z. H. Xie, W. X. Yu, T. S. Wang, H. X. Zhang, Y. Q. Fu, H. Liu, F. Y. Li, Z. W. Lu, and Q. Sun, Plasmonic nanolithography: A review,
Plasmonics , 2011, 6(3): 565
10.1007/s11468-011-9237-0
[18] R. G. Freeman, K. C. Grabar, K. J. Allison, R. M. Bright, J. A. Davis, A. P. Guthrie, M. B. Hommer, M. A. Jackson, P. C. Smith, D. G. Walter, and M. J. Natan, Self-assembled metal colloid monolayers: An approach to SERS substrates,
Science , 1995, 267(5204): 1629
10.1126/science.267.5204.1629
[19] Y. J. Liu, H. Y. Chu, and Y. P. Zhao, Silver nanorod array substrates fabricated by oblique angle deposition: Morphological, optical, and SERS characterizations,
J. Phys. Chem. C , 2010, 114(18): 8176
10.1021/jp1001644
[20] Y. J. Jen, A. Lakhtakia, C. W. Yu, and C. T. Lin, Vapordeposited thin films with negative real refractive index in the visible regime,
Opt. Express , 2009, 17(10): 7784
10.1364/OE.17.007784
[21] K. Robbie, J. C. Sit, and M. J. Brett, Advanced techniques for glancing angle deposition,
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B , 1998, 16(3): 1115
10.1116/1.590019
[22] M. Kahl, E. Voges, S. Kostrewa, C. Viets, and W. Hill, Periodically structured metallic substrates for SERS,
Sens. Actuators B , 1998, 51(1-3): 285
10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00219-6
[23] N. A. Abu Hatab, J. M. Oran, and M. J. Sepaniak, Surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates created via electron beam lithography and nanotransfer printing,
ACS Nano , 2008, 2(2): 377
10.1021/nn7003487
[24] V. M. Shalaev,W. S. Cai, U. K. Chettiar, H. K. Yuan, A. K. Sarychev, V. P. Drachev, and A. V. Kildishev, Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials,
Opt. Lett. , 2005, 30(24): 3356
10.1364/OL.30.003356
[25] S. M. Xiao, U. K. Chettiar, A. V. Kildishev, V. P. Drachev, and V. M. Shalaev, Yellow-light negative-index metamaterials,
Opt. Lett. , 2009, 34(22): 3478
10.1364/OL.34.003478
[26] J. C. Hulteen, D. A. Treichel, M. T. Smith, M. L. Duval, T. R. Jensen, and R. P. Van Duyne, Nanosphere lithography: Size-tunable silver nanoparticle and surface cluster arrays,
J. Phys. Chem. B , 1999, 103(19): 3854
10.1021/jp9904771
[27] C. L. Haynes and R. P. Van Duyne, Nanosphere lithography: A versatile nanofabrication tool for studies of size-dependent nanoparticle optics,
J. Phys. Chem. B , 2001, 105(24): 5599
10.1021/jp010657m
[28] A. D. Ormonde, E. C. M. Hicks, J. Castillo, and R. P. Van Duyne, Nanosphere lithography: Fabrication of large-area Ag nanoparticle arrays by convective self-assembly and their characterization by scanning UV-visible extinction spectroscopy,
Langmuir , 2004, 20(16): 6927
10.1021/la0494674
[29] L. Abelmann and C. Lodder, Oblique evaporation and surface diffusion,
Thin Solid Films , 1997, 305(1-2): 1
10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00095-3
[30] H. Vankranenburg and C. Lodder, Tailoring growth and local composition by oblique-incidence deposition: A review and new experimental data,
Mater. Sci. Eng. R , 1994, 11(7): 295
10.1016/0927-796X(94)90021-3
[31] K. Robbie and M. J. Brett, Sculptured thin films and glancing angle deposition: Growth mechanics and applications,
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A , 1997, 15(3): 1460
10.1116/1.580562
[32] Y. P. Zhao, D. X. Ye, G. C. Wang, and T. M. Lu, Novel nano-column and nano-flower arrays by glancing angle deposition,
Nano Lett. , 2002, 2(4): 351
10.1021/nl0157041
[33] Y. P. He and Y. P. Zhao, Advanced multi-component nanostructures designed by dynamic shadowing growth,
Nanoscale , 2011, 3(6): 2361
10.1039/c1nr10103j
[34] J. X. Fu, Y. P. He, and Y. P. Zhao, Fabrication of heteronanorod structures by dynamic shadowing growth,
IEEE Sens. J. , 2008, 8(6): 989
10.1109/JSEN.2008.923939
[35] Y. P. He, Z. Y. Zhang, C. Hoffmann, and Y. P. Zhao, Embedding Ag nanoparticles into MgF2 nanorod arrays,
Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2008, 18(11): 1676
10.1002/adfm.200800065
[36] Y. P. He, Y. P. Zhao, and J. S. Wu, The effect of Ti doping on the growth of Mg nanostructures by oblique angle codeposition,
Appl. Phys. Lett. , 2008, 92(6): 063107
10.1063/1.2844852
[37] Y. P. He, C. Brown, C. A. Lundgren, and Y. P. Zhao, The growth of CuSi composite nanorod arrays by oblique angle co-deposition, and their structural, electrical and optical properties,
Nanotechnology , 2012, 23(36): 365703
10.1088/0957-4484/23/36/365703
[38] G. K. Larsen, R. Fitzmorris, J. Z. Zhang, and Y. P. Zhao, Structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of Cr:TiO
2 nanorod array fabricated by oblique angle codeposition,
J. Phys. Chem. C , 2011, 115(34): 16892
10.1021/jp205197f
[39] G. K. Larsen, B. C. Fitzmorris, C. Longo, J. Z. Zhang, and Y. P. Zhao, Nanostructured homogenous CdSe-TiO2 composite visible light photoanodes fabricated by oblique angle codeposition,
J. Mater. Chem. , 2012, 22(28): 14205
10.1039/c2jm32551a
[40] Y. P. He, J. S. Wu, and Y. P. Zhao, Designing catalytic nanomotors by dynamic shadowing growth,
Nano Lett. , 2007, 7(5): 1369
10.1021/nl070461j
[41] Y. P. He, J. X. Fu, Y. Zhang, Y. P. Zhao, L. J. Zhang, A. L. Xia, and J. W. Cai, Multilayered Si/Ni nanosprings and their magnetic properties,
Small , 2007, 3(1): 153
10.1002/smll.200600375
[42] W. Smith and Y. P. Zhao, Enhanced photocatalytic activity by aligned WO3/TiO2 two-layer nanorod arrays,
J. Phys. Chem. C , 2008, 112(49): 19635
10.1021/jp807703d
[43] W. Smith and Y. P. Zhao, Superior photocatalytic performance by vertically aligned core-shell TiO
2/WO
3 nanorod arrays,
Catal. Commun. , 2009, 10(7): 1117
10.1016/j.catcom.2009.01.010
[44] R. Gupta, M. J. Dyer, and W. A. Weimer, Preparation and characterization of surface plasmon resonance tunable gold and silver films,
J. Appl. Phys. , 2002, 92(9): 5264
10.1063/1.1511275
[45] J. X. Fu, A. Collins, and Y. P. Zhao, Optical properties and biosensor application of ultrathin silver films prepared by oblique angle deposition,
J. Phys. Chem. C , 2008, 112(43): 16784
10.1021/jp802909g
[46] J. X. Fu and Y. P. Zhao, Au nanoparticle based localized surface plasmon resonance substrates fabricated by dynamic shadowing growth,
Nanotechnology , 2010, 21(17): 175303
10.1088/0957-4484/21/17/175303
[47] D. A. Gish, F. Nsiah, M. T. McDermott, and M. J. Brett, Localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor using silver nanostructures fabricated by glancing angle deposition,
Anal. Chem. , 2007, 79(11): 4228
10.1021/ac0622274
[48] D. R. H.Craig and F. Bohren, Absorption and scattering of light by small particles,
New York:
Wiley, 1983
[49] U. Kreibig and M. Vollmer, Optical Properties of Metal Clusters,
Berlin:
Springer, 1995
10.1007/978-3-662-09109-8
[50] J. D. Driskell, S. Shanmukh, Y. Liu, S. B. Chaney, X. J. Tang, Y. P. Zhao, and R. A. Dluhy, The use of aligned silver nanorod arrays prepared by oblique angle deposition as surface enhanced raman scattering substrates,
J. Phys. Chem. C , 2008, 112(4): 895
10.1021/jp075288u
[51] Q. Zhou, Y. He, J. Abell, Z. Zhang, and Y. Zhao, Surfaceenhanced Raman scattering from helical silver nanorod arrays,
Chem. Commun. , 2011, 47(15): 4466
10.1039/c0cc05465h
[52] Q. Zhou, Y. He, J. Abell, Z. Zhang, and Y. Zhao, Optical properties and surface enhanced raman scattering of L-shaped silver nanorod arrays,
J. Phys. Chem. C , 2011, 115(29): 14131
10.1021/jp204389v
[53] J. P. Singh, T. E. Lanier, H. Zhu, W. M. Dennis, R. A. Tripp, and Y. Zhao, Highly sensitive and transparent surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates made by active coldly condensed Ag nanorod arrays,
J. Phys. Chem. C , 2012, 116(38): 20550
10.1021/jp305061s
[54] Q. Zhou, X. Zhang, Y. Huang, Z. Li, Y. Zhao, and Z. Zhang, Enhanced surface-enhanced Raman scattering performance by folding silver nanorods,
Appl. Phys. Lett. , 2012, 100(11): 113101
10.1063/1.3694056
[55] S. B. Chaney, S. Shanmukh, R. A. Dluhy, and Y. P. Zhao, Aligned silver nanorod arrays produce high sensitivity surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates,
Appl. Phys. Lett. , 2005, 87(3): 031908
10.1063/1.1988980
[56] C. L. Leverette, S. A. Jacobs, S. Shanmukh, S. B. Chaney, R. A. Dluhy, and Y. P. Zhao, Aligned silver nanorod arrays as substrates for surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy,
Appl. Spectrosc. , 2006, 60(8): 906
10.1366/000370206778062084
[57] J. L. Abell, J. M. Garren, and Y. P. Zhao, Dynamic rastering surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements on silver nanorod substrates,
Appl. Spectrosc. , 2011, 65(7): 734
10.1366/11-06264
[58] C. M. Ruan, G. Eres, W. Wang, Z. Y. Zhang, and B. H. Gu, Controlled fabrication of nanopillar arrays as active substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,
Langmuir , 2007, 23(10): 5757
10.1021/la0636356
[59] M. A. De Jesús, K. S. Giesfeldt, J. M. Oran, N. A. Abu-Hatab, N. V. Lavrik, and M. J. Sepaniak, Nanofabrication of densely packed metal-polymer arrays for surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry,
Appl. Spectrosc. , 2005, 59(12): 1501
10.1366/000370205775142557
[60] Q. Zhou, Z. Li, Y. Yang, and Z. Zhang, Arrays of aligned, single crystalline silver nanorods for trace amount detection,
J. Phys. D , 2008, 41(15): 152007
10.1088/0022-3727/41/15/152007
[61] L. D. Qin, S. L. Zou, C. Xue, A. Atkinson, G. C. Schatz, and C. A. Mirkin, Designing, fabricating, and imaging Raman hot spots,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 2006, 103(36): 13300
10.1073/pnas.0605889103
[62] S. L. Kleinman, R. R. Frontiera, A. I. Henry, J. A. Dieringer, and R. P. Van Duyne, Creating, characterizing, and controlling chemistry with SERS hot spots,
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , 2013, 15(1): 21
10.1039/c2cp42598j
[63] Y. Nishikawa, T. Nagasawa, K. Fujiwara, and M. Osawa, Silver island films for surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy: Effect of island morphology on the absorption enhancement,
Vib. Spectrosc. , 1993, 6(1): 43
10.1016/0924-2031(93)87021-K
[64] M. Osawa and M. Ikeda, Surface-enhanced infrared absorption of p-nitrobenzoic acid deposited on silver island films: contributions of electromagnetic and chemical mechanisms,
J. Phys. Chem. , 1991, 95(24): 9914
10.1021/j100177a056
[65] Y. Nishikawa, K. Fujiwara, K. Ataka, and M. Osawa, Surface-enhanced infrared external reflection spectroscopy at low reflective surfaces and its application to surface analysis of semiconductors, glasses, and polymers,
Anal. Chem. , 1993, 65(5): 556
10.1021/ac00053a011
[66] J. R. Lakowicz, C. D. Geddes, I. Gryczynski, J. Malicka, Z. Gryczynski, K. Aslan, J. Lukomska, E. Matveeva, J. A. Zhang, R. Badugu, and J. Huang, Advances in surfaceenhanced fluorescence,
J. Fluoresc. , 2004, 14(4): 425
10.1023/B:JOFL.0000031824.48401.5c
[67] I. Abdulhalim, A. Karabchevsky, C. Patzig, B. Rauschenbach, B. Fuhrmann, E. Eltzov, R. Marks, J. Xu, F. Zhang, and A. Lakhtakia, Surface-enhanced fluorescence from metal sculptured thin films with application to biosensing in water,
Appl. Phys. Lett. , 2009, 94(6): 063106
10.1063/1.3081031
[68] H. R. Stuart and D. G. Hall, Enhanced dipole-dipole interaction between elementary radiators near a surface,
Phys. Rev. Lett. , 1998, 80(25): 5663
10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.5663
[69] W. J. Padilla, D. N. Basov, and D. R. Smith, Negative refractive index metamaterials,
Mater. Today , 2006, 9(7-8): 28
10.1016/S1369-7021(06)71573-5
[70] J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena,
IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. , 1999, 47(11): 2075
10.1109/22.798002
[71] S. Zhang, W. J. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J.Brueck, Experimental demonstration of near-infrared negative-index metamaterials,
Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2005, 95(13): 137404
10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.137404
[72] J. Yao, Z. W. Liu, Y. M. Liu, Y. Wang, C. Sun, G. Bartal, A. M. Stacy, and X. Zhang, Optical negative refraction in bulk metamaterials of nanowires,
Science , 2008, 321(5891): 930
10.1126/science.1157566
[73] Y. J. Jen, C. H. Chen, and C. W. Yu, Deposited metamaterial thin film with negative refractive index and permeability in the visible regime,
Opt. Lett. , 2011, 36(6): 1014
10.1364/OL.36.001014
[74] Y. J. Jen, A. Lakhtakia, C. W. Yu, and Y. H. Wang, Negative real parts of the equivalent permittivity, permeability, and refractive index of sculptured-nanorod arrays of silver,
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A , 2010, 28(5): 1078
10.1116/1.3456125
[75] A. N. Lagarkov and A. K. Sarychev, Electromagnetic properties of composites containing elongated conducting inclusions,
Phys. Rev. B , 1996, 53(10): 6318
10.1103/PhysRevB.53.6318
[76] Y. J. Jen, A. Lakhtakia, C. W. Yu, J. J. Jhou, W. H. Wang, M. J. Lin, H. M. Wu, and H. S. Liao, Silver/silicon dioxide/ silver sandwich films in the blue-to-red spectral regime with negative-real refractive index,
Appl. Phys. Lett. , 2011, 99(18): 181117
10.1063/1.3658624
[77] E. Plum, J. Zhou, J. Dong, V. A. Fedotov, T. Koschny, C. M. Soukoulis, and N. I. Zheludev, Metamaterial with negative index due to chirality,
Phys. Rev. B , 2009, 79(3): 035407
10.1103/PhysRevB.79.035407
[78] A. Papakostas, A. Potts, D. M. Bagnall, S. L. Prosvirnin, H. J. Coles, and N. I. Zheludev, Optical manifestations of planar chirality,
Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2003, 90(10): 107404
10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.107404
[79] M. Decker, M. W. Klein, M. Wegener, and S. Linden, Circular dichroism of planar chiral magnetic metamaterials,
Opt. Lett. , 2007, 32(7): 856
10.1364/OL.32.000856
[80] A. V. Rogacheva, V. A. Fedotov, A. S. Schwanecke, and N. I. Zheludev, Giant gyrotropy due to electromagnetic-field coupling in a bilayered chiral structure,
Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2006, 97(17): 177401
10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.177401
[81] M. Decker, M. Ruther, C. E. Kriegler, J. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, Strong optical activity from twisted-cross photonic metamaterials,
Opt. Lett. , 2009, 34(16): 2501
10.1364/OL.34.002501
[82] M. Kuwata-Gonokami, N. Saito, Y. Ino, M. Kauranen, K. Jefimovs, T. Vallius, J. Turunen, and Y. Svirko, Giant optical activity in quasi-two-dimensional planar nanostructures,
Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2005, 95(22): 227401
10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.227401
[83] M. Decker, R. Zhao, C. M. Soukoulis, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, Twisted split-ring-resonator photonic metamaterial with huge optical activity,
Opt. Lett. , 2010, 35(10): 1593
10.1364/OL.35.001593
[84] B. Gallas, K. Robbie, R. Abdedda?m, G. Guida, J. Yang, J. Rivory, and A. Priou, Silver square nanospirals mimic optical properties of U-shaped metamaterials,
Opt. Express , 2010, 18(16): 16335
10.1364/OE.18.016335
[85] B. Gallas, N. Guth, J. Rivory, H. Arwin, R. Magnusson, G. Guida, J. Yang, and K. Robbie, Nanostructured chiral silver thin films: A route to metamaterials at optical frequencies,
Thin Solid Films , 2011, 519(9): 2650
10.1016/j.tsf.2010.12.078