Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) physics overview
Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) physics overview
The results from data taken during the last several years at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) will be reviewed in the paper. Several selected topics that further our understanding of constituent quark scaling, jet quenching and color screening effect of heavy quarkonia in the hot dense medium will be presented. Detector upgrades will further probe the properties of Quark Gluon Plasma. Future measurements with upgraded detectors will be presented. The discovery perspectives from future measurements will also be discussed.
Quark Gluon Plasma / jet quenching / partonic collectivity / number of constituent quark scaling / baryon enhancement / color screening effect
[1] |
J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A, 2005, 757: 102
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[2] |
I. Arsene, et al. (BRAHMS Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A, 2005, 757: 1
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[3] |
K. Adcox, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A, 2005, 757: 184
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[4] |
B. B. Back, et al. (PHOBOS Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A, 2005, 757: 28
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[5] |
see: http://www.rhic.bnl.gov/
|
[6] |
T. Roser, Nucl. Phys. A, 2002, 688: 23c
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[7] |
M. Adamczyk, et al. (BRAHMS Collaboration), Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 2003, 499: 437
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[8] |
PHENIX Conceptual Design Report 1993 (PX20, BNL48922, internal report), 1993
|
[9] |
B. B. Back, et al. (PHOBOS Collaboration), Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 2003, 499: 603
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[10] |
J. Harris, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 2003, 499: 624
|
[11] |
I. G. Bearden, et al. (BRAHMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2004, 93: 1020301
|
[12] |
K. Adcox, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001, 87: 052301
|
[13] |
J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C, 2005, 72: 014904
|
[14] |
P. Huovinen, P. F. Kolb, U. W. Heinz, P. V. Ruuskanen, and S. A. Voloshin, Phys. Lett. B, 2001, 503: 58
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[15] |
J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2004, 92: 112301
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[16] |
E. Schnedermann, J. Sollfrank, and U. Heinz, Phys. Rev. C, 1993, 48: 2462
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[17] |
G. Wilk and Z. Wlodarczyk, arXiv: 0810.2939, 2008
|
[18] |
Z. B. Tang, Y. C. Xu, L. J. Ruan, G. van Buren, F. Q. Wang, and Z. B. Xu, Phys. Rev. C, 2009, 79: 051901(R)
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[19] |
P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Stachel, J. P. Wessels, and N. Xu, Phys. Lett. B, 1995, 344: 43
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[20] |
P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Stachel, J. P. Wessels, and N. Xu, Phys. Lett. B, 1996, 365: 1
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[21] |
P. Braun-Munzinger, I. Heppe, and J. Stachel, Phys. Lett. B, 1999, 465: 15
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[22] |
N. Xu and M. Kaneta, Nucl. Phys. A, 2002, 698: 306
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[23] |
B. I. Abelev, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C, 2009, 79: 034909
|
[24] |
Y. Aoki, Z. Fodor, S. D. Katz, and K. K. Szabo, Phys. Lett. B, 2006, 643: 46
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[25] |
M. Cheng, N. H. Christ, S. Datta, J. van der Heide, C. Jung, F. Karsch, O. Kaczmarek, E. Laermann, R. D. Mawhinney, C. Miao, P. Petreczky, K. Petrov, C. Schmidt, and T. Umeda, Phys. Rev. D, 2006, 74: 054507
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[26] |
J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C, 2005, 71: 064902
|
[27] |
C. Adler, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C, 2002, 66: 061901
|
[28] |
J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C, 2005, 71: 044906
|
[29] |
J. C. Collins and D. E. Soper, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci., 1987, 37: 383
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[30] |
J. C. Collins, D. E. soper, and G. Sterman, Adv. Ser. Direct. High Energy Phys., 1988, 5: 1
|
[31] |
M. Gyulassy, I. Vitev, X. N. Wang, and B. W. Zhangar, arXiv: nucl-th/0302077, 2003
|
[32] |
A. Kovner and U. A. Wiedemann, arXiv: hep-ph/0304151, review for: Quark Gluon Plasma 3, edited by R. C. Hwa and X. N. Wang, Singapore: World Scientific, 2003
|
[33] |
J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 91: 172302
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[34] |
S. S. Adler, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 91: 072301
|
[35] |
S. S. Adler, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 91: 241803
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[36] |
B. B. Back, et al. (PHOBOS Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B, 2004, 578: 297
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[37] |
I. Arsene, et al. (BRAHMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 91: 072305
|
[38] |
X. N. Wang, Phys. Rev. C, 1998, 58: 2321
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[39] |
Y. L. Dokshitzer and D. E. Kharzeev, Phys. Lett. B, 2001, 519: 199
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[40] |
J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 91: 072304
|
[41] |
I. Arsene, et al. (BRAHMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 91: 072305
|
[42] |
S. S. Adler, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 91: 072303
|
[43] |
B. B. Back, et al. (PHOBOS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 91: 072302
|
[44] |
A. H. Mueller, Nucl. Phys. B, 1990, 335: 115
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[45] |
A. H. Mueller, Nucl. Phys. B, 2002, 572: 227
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[46] |
L. D. McLerran and R. Venugopalan, Phys. Rev. D, 1994, 49: 2233
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[47] |
L. D. McLerran, arXiv: hep-ph/0311028, 2003
|
[48] |
E. Iancu and R. Venugopalan, arXiv: hep-ph/0303204, in: Quark Gluon Plasma 3, edited by R. C. Hwa and X. N. Wang, Singapore: World Scientific, 2003
|
[49] |
J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 90: 082302
|
[50] |
J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2005, 95: 152301
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[51] |
J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2004, 92: 052302
|
[52] |
B. I. Abelev, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C, 2008, 77: 054901
|
[53] |
B. I. Abelev, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 99: 112301
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[54] |
S. Afanasiev, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 99: 052301
|
[55] |
D. Molnr and S. A. Voloshin, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 91: 092301
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[56] |
R. C. Hwa and C. B. Yang, Phys. Rev. C, 2004, 70: 024905
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[57] |
R. J. Fries, B. Mller, and C. Nonaka, Phys. Rev. C, 2003, 68: 044902
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[58] |
V. Greco, C. M. Ko, and P. Lvai, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 90: 202302
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[59] |
K. Adcox, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2002, 88: 242301
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[60] |
S. S. Adler, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 91: 172301
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[61] |
S. Shi, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A, 2009, 830: 187c
|
[62] |
S. Huang, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), J. Phys. G, 2009, 36: 064061
|
[63] |
S. Huang, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), J. Phys. G, 2008, 35: 104105
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[64] |
N. Li,
|
[65] |
N. Li,
|
[66] |
M. Issah and A. Taranenko, arXiv: nucl-ex/0604011, 2006
|
[67] |
X. Dong, S. Esumi, P. Sorensen, N. Xu, and Z. Xu, Phys. Lett. B, 2004, 597: 328
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[68] |
S. S. Adler, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2005, 94: 232301
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[69] |
S. Albino, B. A. Kniehl, and G. Kramer, Nucl. Phys. B, 2005, 725: 181
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[70] |
J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B, 2005, 616: 8
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[71] |
J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B, 2006, 637: 161
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[72] |
B. I. Abelev, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, 97: 152301
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[73] |
B. I. Abelev, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B, 2007, 655: 104
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[74] |
W. Liu, C. M. Ko, and B. W. Zhang, Phys. Rev. C, 2007, 75: 051901
|
[75] |
W. Liu and R. L. Fries, Phys. Rev. C, 2008, 77: 054902
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[76] |
S. Sapeta and U. A. Wiedemann, Eur. Phys. J. C, 2008, 55: 293, arXiv: 0707.3494, 2007
|
[77] |
Y. Xu,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[78] |
Y. Xu,
|
[79] |
L. Ruan, et al. (STAR Collaboration), SQM2009 proceedings, arXiv: nucl-ex/1001.3347, 2010
|
[80] |
Y. Xu, O. Barannikova, H. Bichsel, X. Dong, P. Fachini, Y. Fisyak, A. Kocolosky, B. Mohanty, P. Netrakanti, L. J. Ruan, M. C. Suarez, Z. B. Tang, G. van Buren, and Z. B. Xu, arXiv: 0807.4303, 2008
|
[81] |
T. Renk and K. Eskola, Phys. Rev. C, 2007, 76: 027901
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[82] |
J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2005, 94: 062301
|
[83] |
B. I. Abelev, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 98: 192301
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[84] |
S. S. Adler, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, 96: 032301
|
[85] |
S. Wicks, W. Horowitz, M. Djordjevic, and M. Gyulassy, Nucl. Phys. A, 2007, 784: 426
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[86] |
N. Armesto, M. Cacciari, A. Dainese, C. A. Salgado, and U. A. Wiedemann, Phys. Lett. B, 2006, 637: 362
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[87] |
S. S. Adler, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2009, 103: 082002
|
[88] |
B. Biritz, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A, 2009, 830: 849C
|
[89] |
X. Lin,
|
[90] |
A. Adil and I. Vitev, Phys. Lett. B, 2007, 649: 139
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[91] |
H. V. Hess, V. Greco, and R. Rapp, Phys. Rev. C, 2006, 73: 034913
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[92] |
W. Liu and C. M. Ko, arXiv: nucl-th/0603004, 2006
|
[93] |
T. Matsui and H. Satz, Phys. Lett. B, 1986, 178: 416
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[94] |
A. Adare, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 98: 232301
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[95] |
M. C. Abreu, et al. (NA50 Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B, 2001, 499: 85
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[96] |
H. Satz, J. Phys. G, 2006, 32: R25
|
[97] |
F. Karsch, D. Kharzeev, and H. Satz, Phys. Lett. B, 2006, 637: 75
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[98] |
P. Braun-Munzinger and J. Stachel, Phys. Lett. B, 2000, 490: 196
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[99] |
L. Grandchamp and R. Rapp, Phys. Lett. B, 2001, 523: 60
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[100] |
M. I. Gorentein, A. P. Kostyuk, H. Stocker, and W. Greiner, Phys. Lett. B, 2002, 524: 265
|
[101] |
R. L. Thews, M. Schroedter, and J. Rafelski, Phys. Rev. C, 2001, 63: 054905
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[102] |
M. Asakawa, T. Hatsuda, and Y. Nakahara, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys., 2001, 46: 459
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[103] |
M. Asakawa and T. Hatsuda, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2004, 92: 012001
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[104] |
S. Datta, F. Karsch, P. Petreczky, and I. Wetzorke, Phys. Rev. D, 2004, 69: 094507
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[105] |
H. Liu, K. Rajagopal, and U. A. Wiedemann, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 98: 182301
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[106] |
T. Gunji, H. Hamagaki, T. Hatsuda, T. Hirano, and Y. Akamatsu, J. Phys. G, 2008, 35: 104137
|
[107] |
B. I. Abelev, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C, 2009, 80: 041902, arXiv: 0904.0439, 2009
|
[108] |
Z. Tang, Ph. D. thesis, University of Science and Technology of China, 2009
|
[109] |
A. Adare, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 101: 122301
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[110] |
W. A. Horowitz, private communication
|
[111] |
I. Vitev, private communication
|
[112] |
P. Artoisenet, J. Campbell, J. P. Lansberg, F. Maltoni, and F. Tramontano, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 101: 152001
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[113] |
J. P. Lansberg, private communication
|
[114] |
X. Zhao and R. Rapp, Phys. Lett. B, 2008, 664: 253
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[115] |
R. Rapp and J. Wambach, Adv. Nucl. Phys., 2000, 25: 1
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[116] |
G. David, R. Rapp, and Z. Xu, Electromagnetic Probes at RHIC II (Working Group Report), Phys. Rept., 2008, 462: 176
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[117] |
A. D. Frawley, T. Ullrich, and R. Vogt, Phys. Rept., 2008, 462: 125
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[118] |
STAR Heavy Flavor Tracker proposal, http://rnc.lbl.gov/hft/docs/hft final submission version.pdf
|
[119] |
S. Kleinfelder,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[120] |
PHENIX Silicon Vertex Detector proposal
|
[121] |
C. Perkins, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A, 2009, 830: 231C
|
[122] |
A. Adare, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), arXiv: hepex/0912.2082, 2009
|
[123] |
H. Liu, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A, 2009, 830: 235c
|
[124] |
R. Reed,
|
[125] |
M. Leitch, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A, 2009, 830: 27c
|
[126] |
R. Vogt, M. Cacciari, and P. Nason, Nucl. Phys. A, 2006, 774: 661
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[127] |
B. Bonner, H. Chen, G. Eppley, F. Geurts,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[128] |
M. Shao, L. J. Ruan, H. F. Chen,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[129] |
STAR Time-of-Flight Proposal: http://www.star.bnl.gov/STAR/tof/publications/TOF 20040524.pdf
|
[130] |
Z. Xu, BNL LDRD project 07-007
|
[131] |
L. Ruan, G. Lin, Z. Xu, K. Asselta, H. F. Chen, W. Christie, H. J. Crawford, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, T. J. Hallman, C. Li, J. Liu, W. J. Llope, R. Majka, T. Nussbaum, J. Scheblein, M. Shao, R.Soja, Y. Sun, Z. Tang, X. Wang, and Y. Wang, J. Phys. G, 2009, 36: 095001
|
[132] |
L. Ruan,
|
[133] |
S. Afanasiev, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), arXiv: nuclex/0706.3034, 2007
|
[134] |
A. Adare, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), arXiv: nuclex/0804.4168, 2008
|
[135] |
X. N. Wang, Z. Huang, and I. Sarcevic, Phys. Rev. Lett.,1996, 77: 231
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[136] |
L. Cormell and J. F. Owens, Phys. Rev. D, 1980, 22: 1609,and references therein
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[137] |
B. I. Abelev, et al. (STAR Collaboration), arXiv: nuclex/0912.1871, 2009
|
[138] |
A. Adare, et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C, 2009, 80: 024908
|
[139] |
T. Renk and K. Eskola, Phys. Rev. C, 2007, 75: 054910
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[140] |
M. Ploskon, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A, 2009, 830: 255c
|
[141] |
J. Putschke, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A, 2009, 830: 58c
|
[142] |
Y. Aoki, G. Endrodi, Z. Fodor, S. D. Katz, and K. K. Szabo, Nature, 2006, 443: 675
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[143] |
M. Cheng, N. H. Christ, S. Datta, J. van der Heide, C. Jung, F. Karsch, O. Kaczmarek, E. Laermann, R. D. Mawhinney, C. Miao, P. Petreczky, K. Petrov, C. Schmidt, W. Soeldner, and T. Umeda, Phys. Rev. D, 2008, 77: 014511
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[144] |
S. Ejiri, Phys. Rev. D, 2008, 78: 074507
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[145] |
M. Asakawa and K. Yazaki, Nucl. Phys. A, 1989, 504: 668
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[146] |
A. Barducci, R. Casalbuoni, S. De Curtis, R. Gatto, and G. Pettini, Phys. Lett. B, 1989, 231: 463
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[147] |
A. Barducci, R. Casalbuoni, S. De Curtis, R. Gatto, and G. Pettini, Phys. Rev. D, 1990, 41: 1610 M
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[148] |
A. Stephanov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 2005, 20: 4387
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[149] |
B. I. Abelev,
|
[150] |
B. I. Abelev, et al. (STAR Collaboration), arXiv: nuclex/0909.4131, 2009
|
[151] |
J. Chen, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A, 2009, 830: 761c
|
[152] |
J. Chen,
|
[153] |
Z. Xu, SQM2009 proceedings
|
[154] |
B. I. Abelev, et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett., 2009, 103: 251601
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[155] |
B. I. Abelev, et al. (STAR Collaboration), arXiv: nuclex/0909.1739, 2009
|
[156] |
D. Kharzeev, Phys. Lett. B, 2006, 633: 260
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[157] |
D. E. Kharzeev, L. D. McLerran, and H. J. Warringa, Nucl.Phys. A, 2008, 803: 227
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[158] |
K. Fukushima, D. E. Kharzeev, and H. J. Warringa, Phys.Rev. D, 2008, 78: 074033
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[159] |
B. Mohanty, Nucl. Phys. A, 2009, 830: 899c
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
/
〈 | 〉 |