Strengthening the blade surface can improve the residual compressive stress, inhibit the formation and propagation of cracks, and improve the fatigue life of the blade [
3,
4]. Generally, surface treatment techniques applied to aerospace components mainly include shot peening (SP), laser shock processing (LSP), and rolling process (RP) [
5,
6]. Surface treatment, which is applied to the actual blade, mainly includes SP and LSP [
7,
8]. SP has been developed for approximately 100 years. As a cold working process, SP is applied to reduce the stress concentration of metal parts (such as blade disc interface) and improve their surface performance [
9]. Although SP is relatively inexpensive and widely applied, uniform SP intensity across components is not guaranteed, residual compressive stresses are limited in depth, and SP results in a roughened surface [
10]. Consequently, LSP has been rapidly developed as an alternative novel surface treatment technique. LSP was successfully applied to the fan/compressor blades of an aeroengine in 1997. LSP can produce sufficient residual compressive stress layers and remarkably improve the fatigue performance of the workpiece [
11]. Furthermore, LSP has a simple operation, local treatment, and short processing duration [
12]. However, it is a relatively expensive surface treatment method and has a complicated working environment [
13]. Proposed by Wang et al. [
14], ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) is a novel nanostructured surface treatment technique that combines static extrusion and dynamic impact to generate intensive plastic deformation and strengthen material surfaces. Studies [
15–
17] have shown that USRP can improve the yield strength of material surface layers, introduce large residual compressive stress, and reduce surface roughness. Thus, USRP is an effective surface strengthening method. Relevant research on USRP has focused on metallic test piece strengthening, which has not been applied to aeroengine blades.