Tribological evaluation of Al₂O₃/GO/ZnO tripartite hybrid based nanofluid for grinding Ti-6Al-4V alloy with minimum quantity lubrication

Abstract

Machining-induced damages encountered during the grinding of titanium alloys are a major setback for processing different components from these materials. Recent studies have shown that nanofluid (NF)-based minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) systems improved the machining lubrication and the titanium alloys’ machinability. In this work, the tribological characteristics of a palm oil-based tripartite hybrid NF (ZnO/Al₂O₃/Graphene Oxide, GO) are studied. The novel usage of the developed lubricants in MQL systems was examined during the grinding of Ti6-Al-4V (TC4) alloy. The NF was produced by mixing three weight percent mixtures (i.e., 0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt.%) of the nanoparticles in palm oil. A comprehensive tribological and physical investigation was conducted on different percentage compositions of the developed NF to determine the optimum mix ratio of the lubricant. The findings indicate that increasing the NF concentration caused an increment in the dynamic viscosity and frictional coefficient of the NFs. The tripartite hybrid NF exhibited superior tribological and physicochemical properties compared with the pure palm and monotype-based NFs. Moreover, the dynamic viscosity of the tripartite-hybrid-based NFs increased by 12%, 5%, and 11.5% for the Al₂O₃, GO, and ZnO hybrid NFs, respectively. In addition, the machining results indicate that the tripartite hybrid NF lowered the surface roughness, specific grinding, grinding force ratio, tangential, and normal grinding forces by 42%, 40%, 16.5%, 41.5%, and 30%, respectively. Hence, the tripartite hybrid NFs remarkably enhanced the tribology and machining performance of the eco-friendly lubricant.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

hybrid nanolubricant / tribology / grinding / surface quality / Ti-6Al-4V / minimum quantity lubrication

References

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52305477, 52375447, 52305474, and 52205481), the Major Special Projects of Aero-engine and Gas Turbine, China (Grant No. 2017-VII-0002-0095), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK20210407), the Special Fund of Taishan Scholars Project, China (Grant No. tsqn202211179), the Youth Talent Promotion Project in Shandong, China (Grant No. SDAST2021qt12), Qingdao Postdoctoral Researchers Applied Research Project, China (Grant No. QDBSH20230102050), the Support plan for Outstanding Youth Innovation Team in Universities of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. 2023KJ114), and Qingdao Science and Technology Planning Park Cultivation Plan (Grant No. 23-1-5-yqpy-17-qy).

Conflict of Interest

Changhe LI is a member of the Editorial Board of Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering, who was excluded from the peer review and all editorial decisions related to the acceptance and publication of this article. Peer review was handled independently by the other editors to minimize bias.

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