Application of MoS₂ in the space environment: a review

Abstract

A considerable portion of space mechanism failures are related to space tribological problems. Cold welding in high vacuum; surface erosion and collision damage caused by various radiations, high temperature oxidation under atomic oxygen (AO) bombardment; and thermal stress caused by temperature alternation all alter the physical, chemical, and friction properties of materials. In particular, the space vibration caused by alternating temperatures and microgravity environments can alter the motion of the contact body, further affecting its friction properties. Improving the friction properties of contact surfaces in the space environment is an important way to extend the service life of spacecraft. Traditional lubricants can no longer meet the lubrication requirements of the space environment. This study describes the characteristics of the space environment and the applications of solid lubricants. The friction properties of MoS₂, a solid lubricant widely used in space, are discussed. The synergistic lubrication of MoS₂ with surface textures or metals is presented. Advances in research on the friction properties of collision sliding contacts in the space environment are reviewed. The combination of MoS₂ and soft metals with surface textures is introduced to reduce the effects of vibration environments on the friction properties of moving parts in space mechanisms. Finally, the challenges and future research interests of MoS₂ films in space tribology are presented.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

MoS₂ / soft metal / space environment / surface texture / synergistic effect / vibration

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Nomenclature

2D	Two dimensional
a-C	Hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon film
a-C:H	Hydrogenated diamond-like carbon film
ALD	Atomic layer deposition
AO	Atomic oxygen
COF	Coefficient of friction
CVD	Chemical vapor deposition
DLC	Diamond-like carbon
FSM	Multilayer film combined with a soft metal
FTSM-1	Multilayer film combined with a textured soft metal (empty)
FTSM-2	Multilayer film combined with a textured soft metal (filled)
LEO	Low Earth orbit
MD	Molecular dynamics
MoS2	Molybdenum disulfide
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
PEO	Plasma electrolytic oxidation
PTFE	Polytetrafluoroethylene
PVD	Physical vapor deposition
RH	Relative humidity
SM	Soft metal
TSM	Textured soft metal
UHV	Ultrahigh vacuum
UV	Ultraviolet
XRD	X-ray diffraction

Acknowledgements

The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52075444) and the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFB3402800).

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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