Machinability of ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-grinding in biological bone using nanolubricant

Abstract

Bone grinding is an essential and vital procedure in most surgical operations. Currently, the insufficient cooling capacity of dry grinding, poor visibility of drip irrigation surgery area, and large grinding force leading to high grinding temperature are the technical bottlenecks of micro-grinding. A new micro-grinding process called ultrasonic vibration-assisted nanoparticle jet mist cooling (U-NJMC) is innovatively proposed to solve the technical problem. It combines the advantages of ultrasonic vibration (UV) and nanoparticle jet mist cooling (NJMC). Notwithstanding, the combined effect of multi parameter collaborative of U-NJMC on cooling has not been investigated. The grinding force, friction coefficient, specific grinding energy, and grinding temperature under dry, drip irrigation, UV, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), NJMC, and U-NJMC micro-grinding were compared and analyzed. Results showed that the minimum normal grinding force and tangential grinding force of U-NJMC micro-grinding were 1.39 and 0.32 N, which were 75.1% and 82.9% less than those in dry grinding, respectively. The minimum friction coefficient and specific grinding energy were achieved using U-NJMC. Compared with dry, drip, UV, MQL, and NJMC grinding, the friction coefficient of U-NJMC was decreased by 31.3%, 17.0%, 19.0%, 9.8%, and 12.5%, respectively, and the specific grinding energy was decreased by 83.0%, 72.7%, 77.8%, 52.3%, and 64.7%, respectively. Compared with UV or NJMC alone, the grinding temperature of U-NJMC was decreased by 33.5% and 10.0%, respectively. These results showed that U-NJMC provides a novel approach for clinical surgical micro-grinding of biological bone.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

micro-grinding / biological bone / ultrasonic vibration (UV) / nanoparticle jet mist cooling (NJMC) / grinding force / grinding temperature

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Nomenclature

Abbreviations
2D	Two-dimensional
CNT	Carbon nanotube
MQL	Minimum quantity lubrication
NJMC	Nanoparticle jet mist cooling
PEG400	Polyethylene glycol 400
U-NJMC	Ultrasonic vibration-assisted nanoparticle jet mist cooling
UV	Ultrasonic vibration
Variables
ag	Thickness of the undeformed chip
ap	Grinding depth
A	Axial vibration amplitude
bw	Micro-grinding workpiece width
C	Effective number of abrasive grains per unit area
D	Injection distance
es	Specific grinding energy
f	Frequency
Fa	Axial grinding force
Fn	Normal grinding force
Ft	Tangential grinding force
l1	Contact arc length between the grinding rod and the workpiece material in normal grinding
l2	Contact arc length between the grinding rod and the workpiece material in UV-assisted micro-grinding
n	Spindle speed
P	Air pressure
Q	Liquid flow rate
r	Radius of the abrasive
T	Grinding temperature
vs	Grinding tool linear speed
vw	Feeding speed
α	Nozzle angle
μ	Coefficient of friction
μdry, μdrip, μMQL, μNJMC, μUV, and μU-NJMC	Friction coefficients of dry, drip, MQL, NJMC, UV, and U-NJMC grinding, respectively
θ	Average cone half angle of the abrasive grains
φ	Initial phase of ultrasonic vibration

Acknowledgement

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51905289 and 51975305), the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFB2010500), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant Nos. ZR2022QE159, ZR2020KE027, ZR2020ME158, and ZR2019PEE008), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021M701810), the Innovation Talent Supporting Program for Postdoctoral Fellows of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. SDBX2020012), and the Qingdao Postdoctoral Researchers Applied Research Project Funding, China (Grant No. A2020-072).

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