Review of materials used in laser-aided additive manufacturing processes to produce metallic products

Abstract

Rapid prototyping (RP) or layered manufacturing (LM) technologies have been extensively used to manufacture prototypes composed mainly of plastics, polymers, paper, and wax due to the short product development time and low costs of these technologies. However, such technologies, with the exception of selective laser melting and sintering, are not used to fabricate metallic products because of the resulting poor life, short cycle, poor surface finish, and low structural integrity of the fabricated parts. The properties endowed by these parts do not match those of functional parts. Therefore, extensive research has been conducted to develop new additive manufacturing (AM) technologies by extending existing RP technologies. Several AM technologies have been developed for the fabrication of metallic objects. These technologies utilize materials, such as Ni-, Al-, and Ti-based alloys and stainless steel powders, to fabricate high-quality functional components. The present work reviews the type of materials used in laser-based AM processes for the manufacture of metallic products. The advantages and disadvantages of processes and different materials are summarized, and future research directions are discussed in the final section. This review can help experts select the ideal type of process or technology for the manufacturing of elements composed of a given alloy or material (Ni, Ti, Al, Pb, and stainless steel).

Keywords

direct metal deposition / laser-based manufacturing / rapid manufacturing / selective laser melting / additive manufacturing

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Shantou University Scientific Research Fund (Grant No. NTF 16002) and Guangdong Sailing Plan for scientists. The authors also acknowledge the support of Guangdong University Youth Innovation Talent Project (Grant No. 2016KQNCX053) through the Department of Education of Guangdong Province. This study was also supported by a grant from an international science and technology collaboration project between China and Israel (Grant No. 2017A050501061) founded by Guangdong Science and Technology Department.

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2018 The Author(s) 2019. This article is published with open access at link.springer.com and journal.hep.com.cn