Review of pantograph and catenary interaction

Abstract

The application of electrified railway directly promotes relevant studies on pantograph-catenary interaction. With the increase of train running speed, the operating conditions for pantograph and catenary have become increasingly complex. This paper reviews the related achievements contributed by groups and institutions around the world. This article specifically focuses on three aspects: The dynamic characteristics of the pantograph and catenary components, the systems’ dynamic properties, and the environmental influences on the pantograph-catenary interaction. In accordance with the existing studies, future research may prioritize the task of identifying the mechanism of contact force variation. This kind of study can be carried out by simplifying the pantograph-catenary interaction into a moving load problem and utilizing the theory of matching mechanical impedance. In addition, developing a computational platform that accommodates environmental interferences and multi-field coupling effects is necessary in order to further explore applications based on fundamental studies.

Keywords

electrified railway / pantograph and catenary interaction / contact force variation / moving load problem / mechanical impedance / multi-field

References

[1] Yang G W, Wei Y J, Zhao G L, Research of key mechanics problems in high speed train. Advances in Mechanics, 2015, 45(1): 217–460 (in Chinese)

[2] Kubo S, Kato K. Effect of arc discharge on the wear rate and wear mode transition of a copper-impregnated metalized carbon contact strip sliding against a copper disk. Tribology International, 1999, 32(7): 367–378

[3] Yamashita C, Sugahara A. Wear modes of contact wire and contact strip under electric current condition. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2014, 55(2): 67–72

[4] Collina A, Melzi S. Effect of contact strip-contact wire interaction on current transfer at high sliding speed in the mid-high frequency range. In: Proceedings of the AITC-AIT Conference. Parma, 2006

[5] Ding T, Chen G X, Bu J, Effect of temperature and arc discharge on friction and wear behaviors of carbon strip/copper contact wire in pantograph-catenary systems. Wear, 2011, 271(9–10): 1629–1636

[6] Midya S. Electromagnetic interference in modern electrified railway systems with emphasis on pantograph arcing. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Stockholm: Uppsala University, 2008

[7] Usuda T. Estimation of wear and strain of contact wire using contact force of pantograph. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2007, 48(3): 170–175

[8] Shibata K, Yamaguchi T, Mishima J, Friction and wear properties of copper Caron RB ceramics composite materials under dry condition. Tribology Online, 2008, 3(4): 222–227

[9] Collina A, Melzi S, Facchinetti A. On the prediction of wear of contact wire in OHE lines: A proposed model. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2002, 37(Suppl 1): 579–592

[10] Bucca G, Collina A. A procedure for the wear prediction of collector strip and contact wire in pantograph-catenary system. Wear, 2009, 266(1–2): 46–59

[11] Ying W, Liu Z G, Ke H, Pantograph-catenary surface heat flow analysis and calculations based on mechanical and electrical characteristics. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2014, 36(7): 36–43 (in Chinese)

[12] Ying W, Liu Z G, Fan F Q, Review of research development of pantograph-catenary arc model and electrical characteristics. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2013, 35(8): 35–43 (in Chinese)

[13] Wu G, Zhou Y, Lei D, Research advances in electric contact between pantograph and catenary. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(11): 3495–3506 (in Chinese)

[14] Vesnitskii A I, Metrikin A V. Transition radiation in one-dimensional elastic systems. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 1992, 33(2): 202–207

[15] Lee K, Chung J. Dynamic analysis of a hanger-supported beam with a moving oscillator. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2013, 332(13): 3177–3189

[16] Lopez-Garcia A, Carnicero A, Torres V, The influence of cable slackening on the stiffness computation of railway overheads. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2008, 50(7): 1213–1223

[17] Cho Y H, Lee K, Park Y, Influence of contact wire pre-sag on the dynamics of pantograph-railway catenary. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2010, 52(11): 1471–1490

[18] Cho Y H. Numerical simulation of the dynamic responses of railway overhead contact lines to a moving pantograph, considering a nonlinear dropper. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2008, 315(3): 433–454

[19] Morikawa T. Investigation of stress of contact wire clamped with steady arms under a moving constant force passing by. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2000, 41(4): 163–168

[20] Amari S, Tsunemoto M, Kusumi S, Evaluation of resistance at supporting pulley of messenger wire and its influence on current collection characteristics. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2009, 50(3): 137–143

[21] Sugahara A. Reduction of contact wire strain near dead sections by considering sliding surface level differences. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2004, 45(2): 74–79

[22] Park T J, Han C S, Jang J H. Dynamic sensitivity analysis for the pantograph of a high-speed rail vehicle. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2003, 266(2): 235–260

[23] Kim J W, Chae H C, Park B S, State sensitivity analysis of the pantograph system for a high-speed rail vehicle considering span length and static uplift force. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2007, 203(3–5): 405–427

[24] Kim J W, Yu S N. Design variable optimization for pantograph system of high-speed train using robust design technique. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 2013, 14(2): 267–273

[25] Pombo J, Ambrósio J. Influence of pantograph suspension characteristics on the contact quality with the catenary for high speed trains. Computers & Structures, 2012, 110–111: 32–42

[26] Yamashita Y, Ikeda M. Upgrading pantograph performance using variable stiffness devices. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2010, 51(4): 214–219

[27] Collina A, Lo Conte A, Carnevale M. Effect of collector deformable modes in pantograph-catenary dynamic interaction. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2009, 223(1): 1–14

[28] Bruni S, Ambrosio J, Carnicero A, The results of the pantograph-catenary interaction benchmark. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2015, 54(3): 412–435

[29] Cho Y H, Lee J M, Park S Y, Robust measurement of damping ratios of a railway contact wire using wavelet transforms. Key Engineering Materials, 2006, 321–323: 1629–1635

[30] Bianchi J P, Balmès E, Roches G V D, Using modal damping for full model transient analysis: Application to pantograph/catenary vibration. In: Proceedings of ISMA2010-International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering including USD2010. Leuven, 2010, 20–22

[31] Vo Van O, Balmes E, Lorang X. Damping characterization of a high speed train catenary. International Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, 2015, 1505–1512

[32] Zou D, Zhang W H, Li R P, Determining damping characteristics of railway overhead wire system for finite element analysis. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2016, 54(7): 902–917

[33] Nåvik P, Rønnquist A, Stichel S. Identification of system damping in railway catenary wire systems from full-scale measurements. Engineering Structures, 2016, 113: 71–78

[34] Park S Y, Jeon B U, Lee J M, Measurement of low-frequency wave propagation in a railway contact wire with dispersive characteristics using wavelet transform. Key Engineering Materials, 2006, 321–323: 1609–1615

[35] Zou D, Zhou N, Li R P, Experimental and simulation study of wave motion upon railway overhead wire system. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2016, 231(8): 934–944

[36] Hayasaka T. Effect of reduced reflective wave propagation on overhead contact lines in overlap section. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2004, 45(2): 68–73

[37] Aboshi M, Manabe K. Analyses of contact force fluctuation between catenary and pantograph. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2000, 41(4): 182–187

[38] Manabe K, Fujii Y. Overhead system resonance with multi-pantographs and countermeasures. Railway Technical Research Institute, Quarterly Reports, 1989, 30(4): 175–180

[39] Liu Z, Jönsson P A, Sebastian S, Implications of the operation of multiple pantographs on the soft catenary systems in Sweden. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part F, Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2015, 53(3): 341–346

[40] Liu Z, Jönsson P A, Stichel S, On the implementation of an auxiliary pantograph for speed increase on existing lines. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2016, 54(8): 1077–1097

[41] Zhou N. Pantograph and catenary interaction with the train speed beyond 350 km/h. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Chengdu: Southwest Jiao Tong University, 2012

[42] Li R, Zhang W, Zhou N, Influence of a high-speed train passing through a tunnel on pantograph aerodynamics and pantograph-catenary interaction. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 231: 198–210

[43] Li R, Zhou N, Zhang W, Fluctuating wind field and wind-induced vibration response of catenary based on AR model. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2013, 13(4): 56–62 (in Chinese)

[44] Guo D, Yao S, Liu C, Unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed pantograph. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2012, 34(11): 16–21

[45] Suzuki M, Ikeda M, Yoshida K. Study on numerical optimization of cross-sectional panhead shape for high-speed train. Journal of Mechanical Systems for Transportation and Logistics, 2008, 1(1): 100–110

[46] Suzuki M, Ikeda M, Koyama T. Flow control for pantographs using air intake and outlet. Journal of Mechanical Systems for Transportation and Logistics, 2008, 1(3): 272–280

[47] Ikeda M, Manabe K. Development of low noise pantograph with passive lift suppression mechanism of panhead. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2000, 41(4): 177–181

[48] Ikeda M, Takaishi T. Perforated pantograph horn Aeolian tone suppression mechanism. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2004, 45(3): 169–174

[49] Takaishi T, Ikeda M. Numerical method for evaluating aeroacoustic sound sources. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2005, 46(1): 23–28

[50] Ikeda M, Suzuki M, Yoshida K. Study on optimization of panhead shape possessing low noise and stable aerodynamic characteristics. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2006, 47(2): 72–77

[51] Ikeda M, Yoshida K, Suzuki M. A flow control technique utilizing air blowing of modify the aerodynamic characteristics of pantograph for high speed train. Journal of Mechanical Systems for Transportation and Logistics, 2008, 1(3): 264–271

[52] Ikeda M, Mitsumoji T. Evaluation method of low frequency aeroacoustic noise source structure generated by shinkansen pantograph. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2008, 49(3): 184–190

[53] Mitsumoji T, Sato Y, Ikeda M, A basic study on aerodynamic noise reduction techniques for a pantograph head using plasma actuators. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2014, 55(3): 184–189

[54] Bocciolone M, Resta F, Rocchi D, Pantograph aerodynamic effects on the pantograph-catenary interaction. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2006, 44(Suppl 1): 560–570

[55] Noger C, Patrat J C, Peube J, Aeroacoustical study of the TGV pantograph recess. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2000, 231(3): 563–575

[56] Bouferrouk A, Baker C J, Sterling M, Calculation of the crosswind displacement of pantographs. In: Proceedings of BBAA VI International Colloquium on: Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics & Applications. Milano, 2008, 20–24

[57] Vo Van O, Massat J P, Laurent C, et al. Introduction of variability into pantograph-catenary dynamic simulations. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2014, 52(10): 1254–1269

[58] Song Y, Liu Z, Wang H, Nonlinear analysis of wind-induced vibration of high-speed railway catenary and its influence on pantograph-catenary interaction. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2016, 54(6): 723–747

[59] Pombo J, Ambrósio J. Environmental and track perturbations on multiple pantograph interaction with catenaries in high-speed trains. Computers & Structures, 2013, 124: 88–101

[60] Pombo J, Ambrósio J, Pereira M, Influence of the aerodynamic forces on the pantograph-catenary system for high speed trains. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2009, 47(11): 1327–1347

[61] Pombo J, Ambrosio J. Multiple pantograph interaction with catenaries in high-speed trains. Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics, 2012, 7(4): 041008

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the support provided by the National Key Research and Development Plan-Specific Project of Advanced Rail Transportation (Grant Nos. 2016YFB1200401-102B and 2016YFB1200506), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51475391), and the Project of Research and Development of Science and Technology from the China Railway Corporation (Grant No. 2017J008-L).

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2018 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature