A hyperdynamic circulatory state is the characteristic feature of septic shock in its early phase. Survival may be increased if the transition of the high flow state into the hypodynamic, low flow state can be prevented by well-controlled volume support using pulmonary capillary wedge pressure as a readily available clinical guideline. In our animal study the maintenance of cardiac output in endotoxaemia prevented the development of low flow/high resistance shock. The lungs ventilatory function was only moderately affected with no significant difference between volume substitution with either dextran 60 or Ringer’s lactate. However, we found that vital organs suffer microcirculatory disturbances early in the initial phase of endotoxaemia. Impairment of regional and intra-organ blood flow distribution was more pronounced in the animals treated with Ringer’s lactate. Dextran 60 appeared to prevent underperfusion of vital organs by maintaining vascular volume at a constant colloid osmotic pressure; no signs of tissue overhydration were observed.
The toxicokinetics of methyl-ISP was studied in rats. The logarithm of the pesticide concentration in blood versus time curve following intravenous injection was fitted to two-compartment open model. The toxicokinetic parameters are as follows: distribution half life 2 min, elimination half life 3 h, apparent volume of distribution 335.03 ml/100g, total tody clearance 1.28 ml/100g/min. After intravenous injection, the pesticide was distributed mainly in the liver and the lungs, where at subcellular level it was chiefly concentrated in nuclei and mitochondria. 66.43% of the total amount of the pesticide administered was excreted in feces and urine, especially in feces.
It was easily absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.
By using the newly developed technique of limiting dilution microculture we have succeeded in cultivating CFU-GM of human bone marrow. The clones, developed by this method, could be clearly and well identified, and the cells could be easily separated as compared with those developed by semisolid agar culture. By using linear regression analysis,3H-Td R and scanning electron microscopy, this method has been further proved to be superior in accuracy to other procedures.
The authors present a study of the growth of fibroblast colony forming units in tone marrow of normal adults and untreated patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. The culture conditions and cytomorphology are also discussed.
During a course of radiotherapy, 20 tumor patients accidentally received γ-ray irradiation as a result of unnoticed60Cobalt machine trouble, so that they suffered from accidental γ-ray injuries which presented themselves as acute radiation sickness of bone marrow type associated with acute radiation skin affections. In the present paper these sequelae are discussed.
Our observations demonstrated that when tumor patients had received multifractional, mainly regional, γ-ray irradiation in large doses, most of them would suffer not only from acute radiation sickness but also from acute radiation skin injuries in varying degrees. In patients with acute radiation skin injuries of degree 2 and 3 associated with acute radiation sickness of mild or moderate type, no aggravation of interaction between these two kinds of injuries was noted, but in patients with acute radiation sickness of degree 4 associated with acute radiation sickness of moderate type, an interaction in varying degrees and with different characteristics could be observed, thus leading to complexity of the clinical picture and even threatening the life of some patients.
In mongrel rabbits intracerebroventricular microinjected angiotensin III (A III, 4 nmol) and angiotensin II (A II 4 nmol) equally evoked increase of mean arterial pressure and decrease of heart rate respectively. However, intracerebroventricular preinjection of saralasin, prazosin or arginine-vasopressin antiserum or intravenous preinjection of phentolamine could markedly attenuate the above cardiovascular effects of A III and A II respectively. The results indicated that the response intensity and mechanism of the central presser effect of A III were similar to those of A II.
Transmembrane potentials of single pacemaker cells in the sinus venosus of toad have been recorded with floating microelectrode, and it was found that the action potential amplitudes were not identical in different pacemaker cells. In the recorded potential range of maximum diastolic potential (MDP) 40 – 75 mv, there was a linear correlation between MDP and maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) (r = 0.80, n = 16), and cells with different MDP reacted differently to tetrodotoxin (TTX). When MDP was equal to or less than 56 mv, the transmembrane potential did not show any significant change after TTX; when the MDP was higher than 56 mv, the transmembrane potential exhibited significant changes, mainly in reduction of APA and Vmax after TTX. The experimental results indicate that, when MDP is below 56 mv, the fast sodium channels are totally inactivated, whereas with MDP higher than 56 mv some of the fast sodium channels are available and contribute to the rising phase of the action potential.
Using floating microelectrode, we have been able to record the transmembrane potential of the ventricular cells of in-situ perfused heart of the tortoise and observed the effects of high potassium and high calcium on it. It was found that high potassium(8.0 mM) could lower resting potential (Rp), reduce action potential amplitude (APA), and shorten action potential duration at 50% and 90% of repolarization (APD50, APD90). High calcium (3.2 mM) could lower RP, increase overshoot (OS), shorten APD, but had no significant influence on APA. It could antagonize the effect of high potassium on heart rate (slowing heart rate) and APA, but act synergistically with high potassium on shortening of APD. The influence on heart rate indicates that there is an antagonistic effect on the pacemaker cell of the sinus venosus between potassium and calcium.
To investigate the effectiveness of retrograde coronary sinus perfusion with cold cardioplegic solution for myocardial protection, we subjected 20 rabbit hearts to 90-minute-aortic-cross-clamping, and divided them into two groups: group 1 undergoing 3-minute retrograde cardioplegic perfusion every 20 min during aortic cross-clamping; gioup 2, simple hypothermia. Time of cardiac arrest and resuscitation were 2.17±1.17 and l.56± 1.13 min in group l, while 16.37±5.52 and 5.14±2.34 min in group 2, there being significant differences between both groups. After re-perfusion, LDH values in group 2 were apparently higher than those in group 1, but there was no significant difference in myocardial water content between both groups. Election-microscopically, there was severer myocaidial injury in gioup 2, but slight injury in group 1. This study demonstrated that retrograde cardioplegic perfusion could provide an excellent protection for myocardium subjected to 90-minute-aortic-cross-clamping, thereby constituting its significant superiority to simple hypothermia.
This experiment which include in vitro and in vivo experiment suggested that Re Du Qing could protect the lysosomes of the rabbit liver cells. It may be further suggested that Re Du Qing can prevent and alleviate endotoxic DIC by stabilizing the membrane of lysosomes.
A combined morphological and qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical study of fibronectin (FN) in schistosomal egg granulomas was carried out to investigate sequential behavior of FN and to define the sequence of events in hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis, as well as to verify the factors which initiate and promote the process. The results showed that FN could be demonstrated as early as 4 weeks after infection, reached the highest staining intensity at the 6th week, and decreased gradually as fibrosis progressed. In the early stage, FN might be produced by macrophages and sinusoidal cells, acting as a chemotactant for fibroblasts. In the later stages, FN might be derived primarily from fibroblasts and play an important role in guiding collagen deposition. It can be concluded that FN might be the initiating factor for the fibrogenesis and that the inflammatory infiltrate around granulomas is the origin of FN, which might be attributable to the continuous fibrosis of granulomas, and, finally, to the development of clay pipe-stem fibrosis.
The differences in the concentration of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), β-lipoprotein (β-Lipo), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) between the high blood pressure group and the normal pressure group, and between the obese group and the normal weight group were investigated by measuring the atove-mentioned values in 371 children aged 3–14 in Wuhan. It was found that children with high blood pressure had higher serum β-Lipo, but lower HDL-C and HDL-C β-Lipo than those with normal blood pressure. The obese group had higher β-Lipo but lower HDL-C/ β-Lipo than the normal weight group. The method stepwise regression was used to detect the factors influencing blood pressure and HDL-C in the 371 children. The results obtained show that there exist risk factors contributing to coronary heart disease in children.
A melanotic clone of the Claudmann S-91 melanoma was treated with 2 × 10™7M α-MSH and 10™3M cAMP. By fluorometric assay and electron microscopy it was found that these agents enhanced melanin content and melanosomes in cytoplasm, inhibited cell growth and incuced morphologic alterations, such as appearance of hypertrophy and dendrite-like formation.
From 1972 to 1986, the author applied silicon catheter at out 2–3mm in inner diameter without valve and connector in ventriculoatrial shunt in 184 cases. Long-term clinical observation and ICP monitoring reco dings have shown that this method is effective and causes less complications. The rate of obstruction of lumen for the catheter without valve and connector was 0% as compared with 40–60% of that for catheter with valve and conrector, which usually needed 1.47 times of revision in each case on average.