Assessment of the implementation status of best available techniques for cleaner production in the textile industry

Abstract

● The compliance status of 488 BATs was investigated in the Turkish textile sector.

● Full-scale BAT implementation ratios (IR) were evaluated under 17 headings.

● It was found that 37% of the BATs was already implemented full-scale.

● 63% of BATs was potentially to be implemented and not projected to be implemented.

● It was found that 60 BATs had lower IR values (0%–43%).

The draft Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) regulation mandates compliance with best available techniques (BATs) for textile manufacturers. A study in Turkish textile facilities, covering 56 units across four sub-sectors, assessed the status of 488 BATs through on-site visits and surveys. The aim was to gauge the sector’s adherence to BATs. The findings revealed that 37% of surveyed BATs were fully implemented, rising to 88% when considering potential future implementations. This suggests a strong industry inclination toward adopting BATs for cleaner production and competitiveness. The study highlighted significant BAT-related investments in the textile sector, driven by environmental concerns, regulations, customer demands, resource efficiency, competition, and cost-benefit considerations. However, the study results also indicated that there is still much work to do for the implementation of some BATs. It was found that 60 BATs had lower implementation ratios (IR: 0%–43%). Lower IR values for these BATs are mainly due to factors like specificity, high costs, long payback periods, operational difficulties, limited expertise, space constraints, customer requirements, quality concerns, operational issues, and sector-specific challenges. The study recommends similar assessments in other European industrial sectors to evaluate compliance with mandatory BATs outlined in the Industrial Emissions Directive. The insights from this study on the Turkish textile sector can serve as a valuable guide for future evaluations.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Best available techniques (BAT) / Cleaner production / Green Deal / Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) / Textile sector

References

[1] Baki O G, Yakan M. (2016). Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive and Turkey’s Compliance, Sinop Uni. Journal of Nature and Science, 1(1): 16–22

[2] Díaz-Garrido E, Martin-Pena M L, Sanchez-Lopez J M. (2016). Determinants of environmental strategy in the automotive sector: analysis of key factors. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 10(5): 430–440

[3] Emmott N. (1999). IPPC and beyond-developing a strategic approach to industry for European environmental policy. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 1(1): 77–91

[4] European Commission (EC) (2019). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: the European Green Deal. December 2019, 640 Final, Brussels. Available from the website of eur-lex.europa.eu

[5] Gunarathne N, Lee K H. (2021). Corporate cleaner production strategy development and environmental management accounting: a contingency theory perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 308: 127402

[6] Ireland Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) (2016). Draft Guidance on Article 15 of Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU), Ireland Environmental Protection Agency, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland. Available from the website of epa.ie/publications

[7] Kumar L, Naqvi S A, Deitch M J, Khalid M J, Naeem K, Quayyum Amjad A, Kumar A, Gebremicael T G, Arshad M. (2023). Opportunities and constraints for cleaner production policy in the developing world: a case study of Sindh Region, Pakistan. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(2): 4391–4434

[8] Mogoș R I, Petrescu I, Chiotan R A, Crețu R C, Troacă V A, Mogoș P L. (2023). Greenhouse gas emissions and Green Deal in the European Union. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11: 1141473

[9] Ozturk E, Koseoglu H, Karaboyacı M, Yigit N O, Yetis U, Kitis M. (2016). Minimization of water and chemical use in a cotton/polyester fabric dyeing textile mill. Journal of Cleaner Production, 130: 92–102

[10] Samper J A, Schockling A, Islar M. (2021). Climate politics in Green Deals: exposing the political frontiers of the European Green Deal. Politics and Governance, 9(2): 8–16

[11] Schoenberger H. (2009). Integrated pollution prevention and control in large industrial installations on the basis of best available techniques: the Sevilla Process. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(16): 1526–1529

[12] Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) (2018). Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2012 Regulation 25(12)-Derogation from BAT-AEL. SEPA Guidance. Available from the website of sepa.org.uk

[13] Shi X, Zhang J, Lu S, Wang T, Zhang X. (2022). China carbon neutralization research status and research frontier tracking. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10: 896524

[14] Sikdar S. (2019). Environmental protection: reactive and proactive approaches. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 21(1): 1–2

[15] Turkish Ministry of Environment Urbanization and Climate Change (TMEU) (2018). Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive. Available from the website of ippc.csb.gov.tr

[16] Turkish Ministry of Environment Urbanization and Climate Change (TMEUCC) (2023). Draft Legislations. General directorate of Environmental Management. Available from the website of cygm.csb.gov.tr

[17] Turkish Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (TMEU) (2011). Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control in Textile Sector. Available from the website of resmigazete.gov.tr

[18] Turkish Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (TMEU) (2020). Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control: Cleaner Production in Selected Industrial Sectors in Turkey (BESTÜ) Project Information. Available from the website of ippc.csb.gov.tr

[19] United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (2002). Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies-Approaches and Instruments, Guidelines for National Cleaner Production Centres and Programmes, UNIDO CP Programme, October, Vienna. Available from the website of unido.org

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press 2024