REVIEW ARTICLE

CO2 capture by aqueous ammonia process in the clean development mechanism for Nigerian oil industry

  • A. A. Olajire
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  • Industrial and Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Received date: 24 Dec 2012

Accepted date: 13 Jun 2013

Published date: 05 Sep 2013

Copyright

2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Abstract

The clean development mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol offers developing countries the opportunity to participate in the effort to reduce global greenhouse gas levels and also benefit from sustainable development opportunities. To date, the majority of CDM investments have gone to emerging markets such as China, India, Brazil, and Mexico, while developing countries such as Nigeria have largely been absent from the program. Chemical sequestration using aqueous ammonia process (AAP) offers a clean low carbon technology for the efficient conversion of captured CO2 into clean CO2 which could be injected into oil field for enhanced oil recovery or as fertilizer source. CDM-CCS (carbon capture and storage) project with AAP has the potential as intervention for leveraging sustainable livelihood development (organic fertilizer for food production) as well as for tackling local (land air and water) and global pollution (reduce methane, SOx and NOx emissions).

Key words: CO2 capture; CDM; AAP; EOR; fertilizer

Cite this article

A. A. Olajire . CO2 capture by aqueous ammonia process in the clean development mechanism for Nigerian oil industry[J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2013 , 7(3) : 366 -380 . DOI: 10.1007/s11705-013-1340-7

Acknowledgements

The author acknowledges the full support of Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND) of Nigeria for making it possible for me to attend the International Conference of WRF-2012 organized in Beijing, China.
Nomenclature
CCSCarbon capture and storage
CO2Carbon dioxide
CDMClean development mechanism
AAPAqueous ammonia process
EOREnhanced oil recovery
EGREnhanced gas recovery
ECBMEnhanced coal-bed methane
CH4Methane
GHGGreen house gas
N2ONitrous oxide
PFCPerfluorocarbons
HFCHydrofluorocarbons
SF6Sulfur hexafluoride
KPsKyoto protocols
CERsCertified emissions reduction
PCCPost-combustion capture
MEAMonoethanol amine
MDEAMethyldiethanolamine
DGADiglycolamine
NH3Ammonia
NH4HCO3Ammonium bicarbonate
NNPCNigerian National Petroleum Corporation
BINGOsBusiness and industry non-governmental organizations
UNFCCCUnited Nations framework convention on climate change
ENGOsEnvironmental non-governmental organizations
WAPCOWest Africa Portland cement company
CLNCarbon limits Nigeria
SPDCShell petroleum development corporation
NERCNigerian electricity regulatory commission
LASEPALagos state environmental protection agency
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