Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering >
CO2 capture by aqueous ammonia process in the clean development mechanism for Nigerian oil industry
Received date: 24 Dec 2012
Accepted date: 13 Jun 2013
Published date: 05 Sep 2013
Copyright
The clean development mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol offers developing countries the opportunity to participate in the effort to reduce global greenhouse gas levels and also benefit from sustainable development opportunities. To date, the majority of CDM investments have gone to emerging markets such as China, India, Brazil, and Mexico, while developing countries such as Nigeria have largely been absent from the program. Chemical sequestration using aqueous ammonia process (AAP) offers a clean low carbon technology for the efficient conversion of captured CO2 into clean CO2 which could be injected into oil field for enhanced oil recovery or as fertilizer source. CDM-CCS (carbon capture and storage) project with AAP has the potential as intervention for leveraging sustainable livelihood development (organic fertilizer for food production) as well as for tackling local (land air and water) and global pollution (reduce methane, SOx and NOx emissions).
Key words: CO2 capture; CDM; AAP; EOR; fertilizer
A. A. Olajire . CO2 capture by aqueous ammonia process in the clean development mechanism for Nigerian oil industry[J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2013 , 7(3) : 366 -380 . DOI: 10.1007/s11705-013-1340-7
CCS | Carbon capture and storage |
CO2 | Carbon dioxide |
CDM | Clean development mechanism |
AAP | Aqueous ammonia process |
EOR | Enhanced oil recovery |
EGR | Enhanced gas recovery |
ECBM | Enhanced coal-bed methane |
CH4 | Methane |
GHG | Green house gas |
N2O | Nitrous oxide |
PFC | Perfluorocarbons |
HFC | Hydrofluorocarbons |
SF6 | Sulfur hexafluoride |
KPs | Kyoto protocols |
CERs | Certified emissions reduction |
PCC | Post-combustion capture |
MEA | Monoethanol amine |
MDEA | Methyldiethanolamine |
DGA | Diglycolamine |
NH3 | Ammonia |
NH4HCO3 | Ammonium bicarbonate |
NNPC | Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation |
BINGOs | Business and industry non-governmental organizations |
UNFCCC | United Nations framework convention on climate change |
ENGOs | Environmental non-governmental organizations |
WAPCO | West Africa Portland cement company |
CLN | Carbon limits Nigeria |
SPDC | Shell petroleum development corporation |
NERC | Nigerian electricity regulatory commission |
LASEPA | Lagos state environmental protection agency |
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