RESEARCH ARTICLE

Crystal design of bismuth oxyiodide with highly exposed (110) facets on curved carbon nitride for the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in wastewater

  • Jianxin Chen , 1,2 ,
  • Yupeng Li 1 ,
  • Jihui Li 1,2 ,
  • Jian Han 1,2 ,
  • Guijun Zhu 1 ,
  • Liang Ren 1
Expand
  • 1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
  • 2. National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China

Received date: 08 Jul 2021

Accepted date: 05 Sep 2021

Published date: 15 Jul 2022

Copyright

2021 Higher Education Press

Abstract

Crystalline materials with specific facet atomic arrangements and crystal facet structures exhibit unique functions according to their facet effects, quantum size effects and physical and chemical properties. In this study, a novel high-exposure (110) facet of bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) was prepared (denoted as BiOI-110), and designed as nanosheets rich in oxygen vacancies by crystal facet design and regulation. Graphitic carbon nitride was designed as curved carbon nitride with dibromopyrazine, denoted as DCN, which contributed to a significant structural distortion in plane symmetry and improved the separation of charge carriers. Novel heterostructured BiOI-110/DCN nanosheets with a high-exposure (110) facet and abundant oxygen vacancies were successfully designed to enhance the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. It was demonstrated that complete and tight contact between BiOI-110 and DCN was achieved by changing the size and crystal facet of BiOI. Oxytetracycline (OTC) and methyl blue dyes were used as targets for pollutant degradation, and 85.6% and 96.5% photocatalytic degradation efficiencies, respectively, were observed in the optimal proportion of 7% BiOI-110/DCN. The experimental results and electron spin resonance analysis showed that •O2 and h+ played a major role in the process of pollutant degradation. Additionally, high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrography was used to identify the reaction intermediates of OTC, and the possible degradation pathway of this pollutant was proposed. Finally, the excellent reusability of BiOI-110/DCN nanomaterials was confirmed, providing a new approach for the removal of antibiotics that are difficult to biodegrade. Overall, crystal facet design has been proven to have broad prospects in improving the water environment.

Cite this article

Jianxin Chen , Yupeng Li , Jihui Li , Jian Han , Guijun Zhu , Liang Ren . Crystal design of bismuth oxyiodide with highly exposed (110) facets on curved carbon nitride for the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in wastewater[J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2022 , 16(7) : 1125 -1138 . DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2116-0

Acknowledgments

Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFC3201404), Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U20A20140), and the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Grant No. SKL-ChE-20B06).

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11705-021-2116-0 and is accessible for authorized users.
1
Shi Z, Zhang Y, Shen X, Duoerkun G, Zhu B, Zhang L, Li M, Chen Z. Fabrication of g-C3N4/BiOBr heterojunctions on carbon fibers as weaveable photocatalyst for degrading tetracycline hydrochloride under visible light. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 386: 124010

DOI

2
Yi H, Yan M, Huang D, Zeng G, Lai C, Li M, Huo X, Qin L, Liu S, Liu X, . Synergistic effect of artificial enzyme and 2D nano-structured Bi2WO6 for eco-friendly and efficient biomimetic photocatalysis. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 250: 52–62

DOI

3
Wang Y, Dai L, Qu K, Qin L, Zhuang L, Yang H, Xu Z. Novel Ag-AgBr decorated composite membrane for dye rejection and photodegradation under visible light. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2021, 15(4): 892–901

DOI

4
Chen J, Xing Z, Han J, Su M, Li Y, Lu A. Enhanced degradation of dyes by Cu-Co-Ni nanoparticles loaded on amino-modified octahedral metal-organic framework. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 834: 155106

DOI

5
Li Z, Yang S, Zhou J, Li D, Zhou X, Ge C, Fang Y. Novel mesoporous g-C3N4 and BiPO4 nanorods hybrid architectures and their enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performances. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2014, 241: 344–351

DOI

6
Wang J, Wang S. Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater: a review. Journal of Environmental Management, 2016, 182: 620–640

DOI

7
Njud A, Hu B, Hayat T, Rabah S, Alsaedi A, Zhuang L, Wang X. Efficient elimination of environmental pollutants through sorption-reduction and photocatalytic degradation using nanomaterials. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2020, 14(6): 1124–1135

DOI

8
He R, Cheng K, Wei Z, Zhang S, Xu D. Room-temperature in situ fabrication and enhanced photocatalytic activity of direct Z-scheme BiOI/g-C3N4 photocatalyst. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 465: 964–972

DOI

9
Ye L, Chen J, Tian L, Liu J, Peng T, Deng K, Zan L. BiOI thin film via chemical vapor transport: photocatalytic activity, durability, selectivity and mechanism. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2013, 130–131: 1–7

DOI

10
Song G, Wu X, Xin F, Yin X. ZnFe2O4 deposited on BiOCl with exposed (001) and (010) facets for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in cyclohexanol. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2017, 11(2): 1–8

DOI

11
Liu L, Huang H, Chen Z, Yu H, Wang K, Huang J, Yu H, Zhang Y. Synergistic polarization engineering on bulk and surface for boosting CO2 photoreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2021, 60(33): 18303–18308

DOI

12
Li J, Yu Y, Zhang L. Bismuth oxyhalide nanomaterials: layered structures meet photocatalysis. Nanoscale, 2014, 6(15): 8473–8488

DOI

13
Sun J, Wen J, Wu G, Zhang Z, Chen X, Wang G, Liu M. Harmonizing the electronic structures on BiOI with active oxygen vacancies toward facet-dependent antibacterial photodynamic therapy. Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, 30(42): 2004108

DOI

14
Chen T, Liu L, Hu C, Huang H. Recent advances on Bi2WO6-based photocatalysts for environmental and energy applications. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(9): 1413–1438

DOI

15
Cui Y, Zeng Z, Zheng J, Huang Z, Yang J. Efficient photodegradation of phenol assisted by persulfate under visible light irradiation via a nitrogen-doped titanium-carbon composite. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2021, 4: 1–9

16
Chang C, Zhu L, Wang S, Chu X, Yue L. Novel mesoporous graphite carbon nitride/BiOI heterojunction for enhancing photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2014, 6(7): 5083–5093

DOI

17
Hu X, Zhang Y, Wang B, Li H, Dong W. Novel g-C3N4/BiOClxI1−x nanosheets with rich oxygen vacancies for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants under visible and simulated solar light. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 256: 117789

DOI

18
Ichiro H, Yuto S, Eduardo G, Boiko C, Norimitsu T, Abderrazzak D. Docking strategy to construct thermostable, single-crystalline, hydrogen-bonded organic framework with high surface area. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2018, 130(39): 12832–12837

DOI

19
Wang S, Han X, Zhang Y, Tian N, Ma T, Huang H. Inside-and-out semiconductor engineering for CO2 photoreduction: from recent advances to new trends. Small Structures, 2020, 2(1): 2000061

DOI

20
Khan M, Zhang F, Osada M, Samuel S, Shen S. Graphitic carbon nitride-based low-dimensional heterostructures for photocatalytic applications. Solar RRL, 2020, 4(8): 1–7

DOI

21
Xu Y, Yan A, Zhang X, Huang F, Li D, Zhao X, Weng H, Zhang Z. Nb/Se Co-doped BiOI nanomaterials with exposed (110) facets for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity. Chemical Communications, 2021, 57(47): 5774–5777

DOI

22
Shi S, Gondal M, Rashid S, Qi Q, Al-Saadi A, Yamani Z, Sui Y, Xu Q, Shen K. Synthesis of g-C3N4/BiOClxBr1−x hybrid photocatalysts and the photoactivity enhancement driven by visible light. Colloids and Surfaces. A, Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2014, 461(1): 202–211

DOI

23
Li Y, Zhao M, Zhang N, Li R, Chen J. Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of carbon spheres loaded Cu2O/Cu composites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, 643: 106–110

DOI

24
Zhou C, Zeng G, Huang D, Luo Y, Cheng M, Liu Y, Xiong W, Yang Y, Song B, Wang W, Shao B, Li Z. Distorted polymeric carbon nitride via carriers transfer bridges with superior photocatalytic activity for organic pollutants oxidation and hydrogen production under visible light. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 386: 121947

DOI

25
Bai J, Sun J, Zhu X, Liu J, Zhang H, Yin X, Liu L. Enhancement of solar-driven photocatalytic activity of BiOI nanosheets through predominant exposed high energy facets and vacancy engineering. Small, 2020, 16(5): 1904783

DOI

26
Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Huo D, Zhang R, Wang L. Hydroxyl-regulated BiOI nanosheets with a highly positive valence band maximum for improved visible-light photocatalytic performance. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 268: 118390

DOI

27
Tian N, Huang H, Wang S, Zhang T, Du X, Zhang Y. Facet-charge-induced coupling dependent interfacial photocharge separation: a case of BiOI/g-C3N4 p-n junction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2020, 267: 118697

DOI

28
Yang Y, Zeng G, Huang D, Zhang C, He D, Zhou C, Wang W, Xiong W, Li X, Li B, et al. Molecular engineering of polymeric carbon nitride for highly efficient photocatalytic oxytetracycline degradation and H2O2 production. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2020, 272: 118970

DOI

29
Zhang G, Wang X. A facile synthesis of covalent carbon nitride photocatalysts by Co-polymerization of urea and phenylurea for hydrogen evolution. Journal of Catalysis, 2013, 307: 246–253

DOI

30
Yang J, Liu X, Cao H, Shi Y, Xie Y, Xiao J. Dendritic BiVO4 decorated with MnOx co-catalyst as an efficient hierarchical catalyst for photocatalytic ozonation. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2019, 13(1): 185–191

DOI

31
Alam K M, Kumar P, Kar P, Thakur U K, Zeng S, Cui K, Shankar K. Enhanced charge separation in g-C3N4-BiOI heterostructures for visible light driven photoelectrochemical water splitting. Nanoscale Advances, 2019, 1(4): 1460–1471

DOI

32
Zhang Z, Pan Z, Guo Y, Wong P K, Zhou X, Bai R. In-situ growth of all-solid Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst of Bi7O9I3/g-C3N4 and high efficient degradation of antibiotic under visible light. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2020, 261: 118212

DOI

33
Ramadan M, Abdellah A M, Mohamed S G, Allam N K. 3D interconnected binder-free electrospun MnO@C nanofibers for supercapacitor devices. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 7988

DOI

34
Yu H, Chen F, Li X, Huang H, Zhang Q, Su S, Wang K, Mao E, Mei B, Mul G, Ma T, Zhang Y. Synergy of ferroelectric polarization and oxygen vacancy to promote CO2 photoreduction. Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 4594

DOI

35
Li T, Wang C, Wang T, Zhu L. Highly efficient photocatalytic degradation toward peruorooctanoic acid by bromine doped BiOI with high exposure of (001) facet. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2020, 268: 118442

DOI

36
Yan W, Sun R, Li M, Li L, Yang Z, Hua Z, Lu X, Liu C. Heterogeneous interfacial engineering of Pd/TiO2 with controllable carbon content for improved direct synthesis efficiency of H2O2. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2020, 41(2): 312–321

DOI

37
Geng Y, Chen D, Li N, Xu Q, Li H, He J, Lu J. Z-Scheme 2D/2D α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunction for photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2021, 280: 119409

DOI

38
Ren Y, Li Y, Wu X, Wang J, Zhang G. S-scheme Sb2WO6/g-C3N4 photocatalysts with enhanced visible-light-induced photocatalytic NO oxidation performance. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(1): 69–77

DOI

39
Ong W, Putri L, Tan Y, Tan L, Li N, Ng Y, Wen X, Chai S. Unravelling charge carrier dynamics in protonated g-C3N4 interfaced with carbon nanodots as co-catalysts toward enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction: a combined experimental and first-principles DFT study. Nano Research, 2017, 10(5): 1673–1696

DOI

40
Sun L, Xiang L, Zhao X, Jia C, Yang J, Jin Z, Cheng X, Fan W. Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of BiOI/BiOCl heterojunctions: key role of crystal facet combination. ACS Catalysis, 2015, 5(6): 3540–3551

DOI

41
Li Y, Ding L, Guo Y, Liang Z, Cui H, Tian J. Boosting the photocatalytic ability of g-C3N4 for hydrogen production by Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(44): 41440–41447

DOI

42
Jiao S, Zheng S, Yin D, Wang L, Chen L. Aqueous oxytetracycline degradation and the toxicity change of degradation compounds in photoirradiation process. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2008, 20(7): 806–813

DOI

43
Tian Q, Dou X, Huang L, Wang L, Meng D, Zhai L, Shen Y, You C, Guan Z, Liao X. Characterization of a robust cold-adapted and thermostable laccase from Pycnoporus sp. SYBC-L10 with a strong ability for the degradation of tetracycline and oxytetracycline by laccase-mediated oxidation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 382: 121084

DOI

44
Ye S, Zhou X, Xu Y, Lai W, Yan K, Huang L, Ling J, Zheng L. Photocatalytic performance of multi-walled carbon nanotube/BiVO4 synthesized by electro-spinning process and its degradation mechanisms on oxytetracycline. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 373: 880–890

DOI

45
Murugalakshmi M, Mamba G, Muthuraj V. A novel In2S3/Gd2O3 p-n type visible light-driven heterojunction photocatalyst for dual role of Cr(VI) reduction and oxytetracycline degradation. Applied Surface Science, 2020, 527: 146890

DOI

46
Zhu X, Wang Y, Sun R, Zhou D. Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline in aqueous solution by nanosized TiO2. Chemosphere, 2013, 92(8): 925–932

DOI

47
Li B, Lai C, Zhang M, Liu S, Yi H, Liu X, An N, Zhou X, Li L, Fu Y, . N,S-GQDs and Au nanoparticles co-modified ultrathin Bi2MoO6 nanosheet with enhanced charge transport dynamics for full-spectrum-light-driven molecular oxygen activation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 409(13): 128281

48
Li N, Gao H, Wang X, Zhao S, Lv D, Yang G, Gao X, Fan H, Gao Y, Ge L. Novel indirect Z-scheme g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6/Bi hollow microsphere heterojunctions with SPR-promoted visible absorption and highly enhanced photocatalytic performance. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2020, 41(3): 426–434

DOI

Outlines

/