Fabrication of N-doped carbon nanobelts from a polypyrrole tube by confined pyrolysis for supercapacitors

Abstract

In this present work, N-doped carbon nanobelts (N-CNBs) were prepared by a confined-pyrolysis approach and the N-CNBs were derived from a polypyrrole (Ppy) tube coated with a compact silica layer. The silica layer provided a confined space for the Ppy pyrolysis, thereby hindering the rapid overflow of pyrolysis gas, which is the activator for the formation of carbonaceous materials. At the same time, the confined environment can activate the carbon shell to create a thin wall and strip the carbon tube into belt morphology. This process of confined pyrolysis realizes self-activation during the pyrolysis of Ppy to obtain the carbon nanobelts without adding any additional activator, which reduces pollution and preparation cost. In addition, this approach is simple to operate and avoids the disadvantages of other methods that consume time and materials. The as-prepared N-CNB shows cross-linked nanobelt morphology and a rich porous structure with a large specific surface area. As supercapacitor electrode materials, the N-CNB can present abundant active sites, and exhibits a specific capacitance of 246 F·g⁻¹, and excellent ability with 95.44% retention after 10000 cycles. This indicates that the N-CNB is an ideal candidate as a supercapacitor electrode material.

Key words： carbon nanobelts; polypyrrole; N-doped; confined pyrolysis; supercapacitor

Acknowledgements

We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21676070), Hebei Province Introduction of Foreign Intelligence Projects (2018), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Hebei Science and Technology Project (Grant Nos. 20544401D and 20314401D), Tianjin Science and Technology Project (Grant No. 19YFSLQY00070), CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials (Grant No. KLCMKFJJ2007), Hebei Province 2020 Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project (Grant No. 206Z4406G).

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