Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite with radial mesopores: Preparation, formation mechanism and application for benzene alkylation

Abstract

Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite with radial mesopores is controllably synthesized using piperidine in a NaOH solution. The piperidine molecules enter the zeolite micropores and protect the zeolite framework from extensive desilication. The areas containing fewer aluminum atoms contain fewer piperidine protectant molecules and so they dissolve first. Small amounts of mesopores are then gradually generated in areas with more aluminum atoms and more piperidine protectant. In this manner, radial mesopores are formed in the ZSM-5 zeolite with a maximal preservation of the micropores and active sites. The optimal hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite, prepared with a molar ratio of piperidine to zeolite of 0.03, had a mesopore surface area of 136 m²·g⁻¹ and a solid yield of 80%. The incorporation of the radial mesopores results in micropores that are interconnected which shortened the average diffusion path length. Compared to the parent zeolite, the hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite possesses more accessible acid sites and has a higher catalytic activity and a longer lifetime for the alkylation of benzene.

Key words： hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite; protective desilication; piperidine; radial mesopores; benzene alkylation

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFB0702800) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016M600347).

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-019-1853-9 and is accessible for authorized users.

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