Optimizing biochar production: a review of recent progress in lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis

Highlights

	● The review provides an examination of recent advancements in optimizing biochar production from lignocellulosic biomass through pyrolysis, covering both conventional and new techniques.
	● The study emphasizes the critical role of feedstock composition, pyrolysis conditions (temperature, heating rate, residence time), and modification methods in determining biochar yield and properties.
	● Choosing renewable, readily available feedstocks is crucial for reducing dependence on finite resources and repurposing waste materials, thereby mitigating environmental impacts and enhancing sustainability.
	● Key pyrolysis parameters, such as temperature and heating rate, must be carefully optimized to maximize biochar yield and quality while minimizing energy consumption and environmental footprint.
	● Modification methods are essential for tailoring biochar properties to specific applications, overcoming limitations of pristine biochar, and improving its effectiveness, all while promoting resource efficiency and sustainability.

Abstract

Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced by biomass pyrolysis, is valued for soil amendment, carbon sequestration and environmental remediation. Optimum biochar production depends on understanding key factors, including feedstock characteristics, pyrolysis conditions and modification methods. This review examines various pyrolysis techniques, ranging from well-established to new methods, assessing their mechanisms, strengths and limitations for large-scale production. It emphasizes the importance of feedstock selection, pyrolysis conditions and modification methods in affecting biochar yield and properties. By synthesizing current research findings, this review aims to provide insights into optimizing biochar production for sustainable utilization of lignocellulosic biomass resources.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Biochar / lignocellulosic biomass / optimization / properties / pyrolysis / yield

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Supplementary materials

The online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2024597 contains supplementary material (Tables S1).

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Nigel K. Downes for his correction of grammatical errors and English editing.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Nguyen Xuan Loc and Do Thi My Phuong declare that they have no conflicts of interest or financial conflicts to disclose. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s) 2024. Published by Higher Education Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)